Making a Difference - LSMCE...
Transcript of Making a Difference - LSMCE...
![Page 1: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Making a Difference
T.I. Meyer | Chief Operating Officer, Fermilab25 October 2014 | Louis Stokes Midwest Center for Excellence Conference
![Page 2: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Agenda
• The Case for Science
• The Value of Particle Physics
• The Nature of Fermilab
• Opportunities at Fermilab
• Q&A
25 Oct 20142
![Page 3: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Broader Context
25 Oct 20143
![Page 4: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Humility
• People with opinions just go around bothering one another.– Buddha
• Science is a wonderful thing if one doesn’t have to earn one’s living at it.– Einstein
• Physics is not religion. If it were, we’d have a much easier time raising money.– Leon Lederman
25 Oct 20144
![Page 5: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
What is Science?
• What is science…– … as a way of thinking?– … as a way of communicating?– … as a way of experiencing the world?– ... as a way of learning about the world?
• British Science Council said:– “Science is the pursuit and application of knowledge and
understanding of the natural and social world following a systematic methodology based on evidence.”
25 Oct 20145
![Page 6: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Why?
• Many of us agree that science is valuable…but why?
• Why is science important to our society?• Why is it publicly funded (at all)?
• If science is an intellectual/cultural pursuit that “enriches us,”– Why does the U.S. spend more public funds on science &
technology than on the performing & visual arts?
25 Oct 20146
![Page 7: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Assertions (i.e., never fully proven)
• Generally agreed that the benefits of science fall in three categories– Satisfy / fulfill human curiosity– Inspire / train the next generation– Create jobs / stimulate economic
activity in medium and long-term
• These benefits accumulate in multiple sectors & at multiple scales– These benefits are of broad and
shared value– These benefits take “unusual” time &
effort to develop or accrue
25 Oct 20147
Advancing Knowledge
Driving Growth
Creating Leaders
![Page 8: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Ergo…
• Conclusion– It is good public policy to support science with taxpayer funds so that
the benefits & impacts are optimally generated---and captured---for society
• This line of reasoning can create a sense of obligation or civic duty about sharing the benefits, progress, and story of science with the public
25 Oct 20148
![Page 9: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
What distinguishes particle physics?
• Its area of interest– Building blocks, interactions, space/matter,
energy/time, …
• Its techniques and approaches: ways of analysis– Statistics & data mining, theoretical models &
experiment, large instruments & teams, …
• Its value & contribution– Stretches technology in unusual fashion
25 Oct 20149
Advancing Knowledge
Driving Growth
Creating Leaders
Advancing Knowledge
Driving Growth
Creating Leaders
Advancing Knowledge
Driving Growth
Creating Leaders
![Page 10: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Particle Physics
25 Oct 201410
![Page 11: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
July 4, 2012
• The discovery of a Higgs-like boson at CERN marked a turning point for elementary particle physics
11
![Page 12: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
July 4, 2012
• With the Higgs boson, the Standard Model is complete
– It provides a consistent explanation of the subatomic world: the quarks, leptons, and gauge bosons
12
![Page 13: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The Higgs Boson
• But it does more than that: The Higgs is different
– It is the first of its kind
– It is not a quark, a lepton or a gauge boson
– It is a brand new form of matter – a fundamental spin-zero boson
• As such, it can condense and fill the vacuum, and alter the properties of particles
• The Higgs changes our conception of fundamental physics
– Is it matter? Is it a force?
– Or is it both?
13
![Page 14: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Standard Model
In fact, the Higgs is the linchpin that holds it all together
14
Murch
Without it, life would not exist
![Page 15: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Beyond the Standard Model
• Given this great success, is particle physics finished?
– Can we declare victory, pack up and go home?
• During the past decade, it has become increasingly clear that there are important phenomena that the Standard Model does not address, including
– Dark matter– Cosmic acceleration– The Higgs itself– Neutrinos
• Nevertheless, the Standard Model offers a firm platform on which to build
15
![Page 16: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Dark Matter
• At present, the evidence for Dark Matter is overwhelming
• For example: Gravitational lenses image distant galaxies
• Dark Matter is necessary to account for the amount of lensing!
16
NASA
![Page 17: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Dark Matter
• In fact, today astronomers use lenses as tools to map the Dark Matter and to observe the earliest galaxies
17
Colliding clusters: Blue = Dark Matter Pink = Ordinary Matter
NASA
http://chandra.harvard.edu/photo/2006/1e0657/media/bullet.mpg
![Page 18: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Dark Matter Questions
• There is no Dark Matter in the Standard Model. So what is it, and
how does it fit into the overall picture?
• Can we
– Detect it directly on Earth?
– Observe it indirectly in space?
– Produce and characterize it at accelerator laboratories?
18
![Page 19: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Cosmic Acceleration
• A host of measurements - many based on supernovae - indicate that the expansion of the universe is accelerating
• These measurements have been confirmed by the Planck and WMAP satellites, which used the cosmic microwave background to measure the age and composition of the Universe
19
13.82 GyrESA
![Page 20: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Cosmic Acceleration
• The result:
• There is over five times as much Dark Matter as ordinary matter• Universe is dominated by Dark Energy, which drives today’s
cosmic acceleration
20
Dark Matter (26.8%) Ordinary Matter (4.9%) Dark Energy (68.3%)
![Page 21: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Cosmic Acceleration
• Early and late acceleration?
21
![Page 22: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Cosmic Acceleration Questions
• Is Dark Energy constant, or is it changing with time? What is its equation of state? Why is its magnitude so small?
• Will BICEP2’s results be confirmed? If so, what is the physics driving the acceleration?
• Are the two periods of cosmic acceleration related?
22
![Page 23: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Neutrinos are abundant in our world
25 Oct 201423
![Page 24: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Neutrinos are different
• Neutrinos are difficult to study because they interact with ordinary matter only through the weak interactions
• 100 billion/sec pass through your thumbnail w/o a trace– Easily travel through a light-year of lead
• Neutrinos created about 1 second after the Big Bang remain all around us today : 150 per cubic centimeter
• More of them than any other matter particle in the universe!
25 Oct 201424
![Page 25: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Neutrinos…curiouser and curiouser• The wide range of quark masses is puzzling
– The top quark discovery was an exclamation mark on that
• The ultra-tiny neutrino mass doesn’t fit the standard model– In fact we do not understand neutrinos mass, other than it has mass
• The Higgs discovery has brought flavor and mass issues to the forefront
• One future lies in better understanding neutrinos – Their mass ordering– The origin of their masses and why they are so small– Their interactions (CP Violation)– Their relationship to matter-antimatter asymmetry in universe
(leptogenesis) and structure of the universe
25 Oct 201425
![Page 26: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Fermilab
25 Oct 201426
![Page 27: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab)
Fermilab is America's particle physics and accelerator laboratory.
Our vision is to solve the mysteries of matter, energy, space and time for the benefit of all. We strive to:
• Lead the world in neutrino science with particle accelerators• Lead the nation in the development of particle colliders and their use for
scientific discovery• Advance particle physics through measurements of the cosmos
25 Oct 201427
![Page 28: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Obligatory aerial photo
25 Oct 201428
![Page 29: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
…
25 Oct 201429
![Page 30: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Fermilab by the Numbers• Fermilab has 1,700 employees on a 6,800 acre site with an annual
operating budget of $350M-$400M
• Making the lab open and available to scientists, students, and citizens across the country and around the world is a priority– 2,100 scientists visit from around the world– 40,000 K-12 students participate in activities at Fermilab or are visited in
classrooms by Fermilab staff– 8,000 visitors took tours or visited Lederman Science Center– 1,000 college & university students involved in on-site programs or internships
• Basic research advances the economy. In FY 2010:– Fermilab created 4,529 jobs in Illinois.– Fermilab generated $643 million of regional economic activity
25 Oct 201430
![Page 31: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Fermilab’s role in exposing the “quantum universe”
25 Oct 201431
![Page 32: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Evolution of Accelerators
25 Oct 201432
9 km / 13 cm = 69,231 14 TeV / 80 keV = 175,000,000
Technology of accelerators has made huge gains
![Page 33: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Global flagship project in neutrinos – at Fermilab!
SEAB
Construction starts in 2018
Long-Baseline Neutrinos
![Page 34: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
The Broader Future of Fermilab
• Particle physics– “Explore the unknown” with muon physics– Platform for U.S. participation at CERN– Highest-power beams for world’s highest-priority accelerator-
based neutrino experiments– Dark matter & dark energy
• Accelerators– SC magnets & SRF cavities/cryomodules– Platform for U.S. developing role in ILC– Pioneer industrial engagement & tech. commercialization
25 Oct 201434
![Page 35: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Opportunities at Fermilab
25 Oct 201435
![Page 36: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
What it means to participate at Fermilab
• Formally:– Application & selection process– Initial orientation & training– With a mentor, undertake a research project– Participate in student-oriented lecture/workshop series– Depending on program, partial travel or living $$ available
• Informally– Explore the entire world of Fermilab, talking to scientists, staff,
engineers, technicians– Attend any of dozens of talks and seminars every week– See and experience what “the progress of science” is really like
25 Oct 201436
![Page 37: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Elementary
Graduate +
Mid-Level
High School
Undergraduate
Programs at Every Level
![Page 38: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
TARGET
Research Internships - Saturday Morning Physics - Online Student Investigations
QuarkNet Cosmic Ray Studies
High-school Students
![Page 39: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Community College Internships
Internships for Physics Majors
Lee Teng Undergraduate Internships
Summer Internships in Science and Technology
Summer Undergraduate Laboratory Internships
Co-operative Education Program
SIST
Undergraduate Students: Research Internships
![Page 40: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Doctoral Program in Accelerator Physics
Fermilab/URA Thesis Awards Program
Visiting Faculty Program
Fellowships for:
FNAL Visiting Scholars
Scientific Staff
Postdocs
Ph.D. Students
Engineering GraduatesGEM
Graduate Students, Young Scientists & Faculty
![Page 41: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Closing
25 Oct 201441
![Page 42: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Outlook• Science (STEM) is a crucial part of our culture and our country
– It stretches the mind– It changes how you solve problems– It offers great career paths
• If you have a taste for science, join us at Fermilab!
42 25 Oct 2014
![Page 43: Making a Difference - LSMCE Conferencelsmceconference.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/Meyer_Fermilab.pdf · The Higgs Boson • But it does more than that: The Higgs is different –](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022071007/5fc4705e6d858a5f184361a7/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Thank you the many people who helped create this talk!
25 Oct 201443
http://ed.fnal.gov/http://wdrs.fnal.gov/employ/coopessay.htmlhttp://sist.fnal.gov/https://www.gemfellowship.org/http://www.fnal.gov/pub/forphysicists/fellowships/index.html…