Making a Carnival Band Planning Presentation 1

8/21/2019 Making a Carnival Band Planning Presentation 1

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Creating a Carnival

Band


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The following presentation aims to facilitate

your schools planning, to embed carnival in

the curriculum and support you to create your

own carnival band.


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This presentation includes the following:

An introduction to the history of carnival

The carnival archive web address for furtherresources and research

The place of carnival in education

Archive resources of an example carnival bandcreated by artists from arts company Festive

Road as a guide for your own planning


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What is Carnival?


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Carnival in pre-Christian Times

It is known that holidays were celebrated in

the pre-Christian times and had many things

in common with present day carnivals

In Ancient Greece a festival was held in

honour of Dionysus. It was a large religious

festival and included dancing, singing, poetry

as well as masked procession


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In Ancient Rome it was heathen holidays named the

Saturnalia and held in honour of the God of Saturn,god of grain vegetation and wine. The general idea ofthe feast was to invert the ordinary way of life.

During two weeks all class boundaries were erased bythe law of festival: the rich and poor were equalized inrights, children headed families, slaves could sit freelywith theirs masters at the table and everybody hidtheir faces behind masks to avoid embarrassment oncethe celebrations were over. Also, a pseudo-king waschosen at the start of the holiday and at the end ofSaturnalias he was killed through burning, hanging etc.


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Carnival in the UKis believed to have existed for

thousands of years in the form of parades andoutdoor celebrations based around key events in

the calendar

- Pagan events

- Fairs

- Weddings


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Catholicism and Carnival

Prior to the period of Lent when Christians gothrough prayer, repentance and self-denial in

honour of the time Jesus fasted when in thewilderness, people would try and use up theirluxury goods such as meat and dairy products.The term carnival comes from the Italian word

carne (meat) levare (remove) and came tosymbolise a time of eating and drinking beforethe fasting of Lent began.


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As a result Catholic countries, or those countries

once controlled by Catholic nations such as

Trinidad and Tobago tend to have the strongest

carnival traditions

During these celebrations, which often took place

on the streets, people began to wear masks toallow them to party incognito and meant they

didnt have to worry about their reputations


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Carnival in the UK

Carnival in the UK declined with thereformation in the 16thcentury. Thereformation saw England split from the

Catholic Church and the creation of theProtestant Church of England

Carnivals and parades were used during theFirst and Second World War as a way of raisingfunds and morale


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After the end of the Second World War, the Britishgovernment encouraged mass immigration from the British

Empire without needing a visa, to help the populationrecover after the huge loss of life during the war.

The immigrants who came to Britain brought with themtheir customs and traditions and amongst those were

carnival traditions. This influx on new carnival ideas helpedto revive UK carnival and it now plays host to the worldssecond largest carnival (Notting Hill) and the two largestcarnivals in Europe (Notting Hill and Luton InternationalCarnival)

Some of the largest influences on carnival in the UK todaycome from African, Caribbean, Indian and Irish communities.


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African influences on carnival

traditions

Ancient African traditions of parading and movingin circles through villages in costumes and masks

Circling villages was believed to bring good

fortune, heal problems and appease theancestors

The combination of natural objects often found incarnival tradition is borrowed from the African

customs of creating a piece of sculpture or maskwith each object representing a certain idea orspiritual force


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Feathers were used frequently by Africans intheir motherland on masks and headdresses as asymbol of our ability as humans to rise aboveproblems, pains, heartbreaks, illness to travel to

another world and be reborn spiritually

African dance and music traditions transformedthe early carnival celebrations in the Americas as

African drum rhythms, large puppets, stickfighters and stilt dancers began to make theirappearances in carnival festivities


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In many parts of the world whereCatholic Europeans set up colonies

and entered into the slave trade,

carnival took root


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Brazilis famous for its carnival

Mardi Gras in Louisiana where AfricanAmericans mixed with French settlers andNative Americans

Caribbean countries including: Barbados,Jamaica, Grenada, Dominica, Haiti, Cuba, StThomas, St Marten

Central and South America: Belize, Panama,

Brazil, Canada and the USA: Brooklyn, Miami,

Toronto, San Francisco


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Carnival in Trinidad and Tobago

Carnival was introduced to Trinidad around1785 with the arrival of the French settlers

Banned from the masked balls of the French

the slaves would hold their own carnivalsusing their own rituals and folklore andmocking their masters behaviour

After 1838 when slavery was abolished thefreed Africans began to hold their owncarnival celebrations in the streets


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Today carnival in Trinidad reflects the faces of

the many immigrants who have come to the

island from Europe, Africa, India and China

Many schools in Trinidad believe that

sponsoring a carnival band is a way to teach

young people about their roots and culture


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Music of Trinidad Carnival

Steel Pan

Africans who were brought as slaves to Trinidadhad their own musical culture of drumming. In

1883 drumming was outlawed by the authoritiesafraid that it would spark a rebellion. The slavesmade music with whatever came to hand. In1936 steel pan was invented when it wasdiscovered different tones could be createdusing oil drums.


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Calypso

Forbidden to talk to each other and robbed of

their home the slaves on the sugar plantations

in Trinidad began to sing songs. They used

Calypso which can be traced back to West

African Kaiso as a means of communication and

to mock the slave masters


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Samba

Samba is one of the best known forms of Afro-

Brazilian music which developed through a

blending of cultures as a result of the

Portuguese colonisation of Brazil. A samba

school carnival entry will typically include

singers (puxadires) and musicians including adrumming section called the batteria


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Influence of Caribean Music in the UK

The arrival of immigrants from the Caribbean

on the SS Windrush in the 1940s and 50s

brought new influences to popular music in

the UK

Calypso has spawned many modern variants

including Soca (a fusion of Soul and Calypso),

Rapso ( slower rap and hip-hop rhythms) andChutney (fusion of Soca and Indian influences


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Carnival in Education


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Ofsted Report Learning: creative

approaches that raise standards

Ofsted concluded:

Creative approaches had a "perceptible and positive impact on pupilspersonal development and on their preparation for life beyondschool".

"We are pleased that the report recognises what we see in schoolsevery day: that creative approaches to learning raise attainment levels,improve attendance and increase pupil motivation particularly forschools in challenging circumstances. "

Paul Collard, Chief Executive of Creativity, Culture and Education (CCE), the organisation which managesCreative Partnerships


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Carnival as Inclusive Education: exploring

carnival arts in the curriculum

by Celia Burgess-Macey

Carnival in schools provides an opportunity for the

focussed study of a particularly important culturalevent, which has diverse historical and international

origins and is in a constant process of development

incorporating new elements and linking different

communities


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Childrens responses

Craig was a very quiet boy. The kind who has dreams.

He struggled for a while. He always wanted help to do

things[] in the end he was so involved that event

when he left that primary school he came back for twoyears after to help with the carnival

Mas Maker Amaru Chatawa


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Parental engagement

through the school becoming the focus of carnival

work and through parents seeing black adults working

alongside their children, many parents black parents

have been willing for the first time to become furtherinvolved.


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Celebrating the heritage of carnival

The Carnival Archive project is gathering

together an archive about the rich history of

Carnival and street celebrations in the eastern

region of the UK. We aim to fashion our archive

into local, regional and national stories for

everyone to enjoy.


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Celebrating the heritage of carnival in the

eastern region of the UK

Sharing photos, videos, memories and stories

of carnivals

Collecting now in Luton, Northampton,

Norwich and Southend


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You can explore the images and stories in the

carnival archive online

www.carnivalarchive.org.uk


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Luton Carnival Timeline

Processions have always been a feature of celebrations in Luton

1400s Guild Feasts began in Luton and these would include a procession

1887 Golden Jubilee celebrations of Queen Victoria

1897 Diamond Jubilee celebrations of Queen Victoria

1896 Procession to celebrate the opening of the Plait Halls

1919 Peace Day Riots: National day of celebrations that descended into rioting

1935 Silver Jubilee of George V

1939 - 1945 Carnival parades held to raise money for the war effort

1945 The heyday of the street party was VE day which marked the end of war in Europe

1950s St Georges day parades were popular

1953 Possibly the first Easter Bonnet Parade

1976 The first Luton Carnival as we now know it

1998 Luton Carnival acquired International Status

2007 Carnival cancelled due to heavy rain and flooding2009 Opening of UKCCA

2012 The Carnival was moved from May to July to coincide with the arrival of the Olympic torch

in Luton


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Designing for Carnival: Archive

inspiration for planning


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Choosing a themeIt is helpful to imagine your carnival band as a visual

story.

Your carnival theme provides you with the title of yourstory. This could be literal e.g. an existing story likeSnow White or more broad like the Life Cycle, the

history of Luton etc.

If you are planning a cross curricular carnival projectyour theme acts very much like a topic and all yourother subjects are taught through it. It is important tochoose a theme which is rich enough to meet the

needs of each curriculum area.


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This image shows Festive Roads design

for one of their carnival bands. Their

theme was Celebration.


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Kings and Queens

If the theme is the title of your story

the Kings and Queens are the central

characters. They are often puppets or

large back pack costumes that make

a big impression and open the

carnival procession with a bang.


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The Kings and Queens in Festive Roads band

were inspired by Vivian Westwood and JackSparrow, both theatrical and flamboyant

characters. Their broad approach to design

connects with and inspires their carnival


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Sections

The sections of your carnival band (i.e. the different

groups within your overall group) are like the chapters in

your story.

Each one illuminates a different part of the story for your

audience. For example if your theme was the Olympics

you might have a section for the opening ceremony, or

different sections for different sports.

If organising a whole school carnival it is useful for each

year group to have their own section and they design

and make costumes specifically for that.


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Party goers


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Candles


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Star Drummers


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Cakes


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Characters

As well as your main characters i.e.

your King or Queen you may alsowant to have other characters fromyour story, perhaps one with eachsection. They may have larger

costumes than the others and leadtheir section.


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The EventWhether you are planning an in school carnival or takingpart in your local carnival the event is great day for allinvolved.

If you are planning to take part in your local carnival it isimportant to put in your application to the council in good

time.

The event itself is a fantastic motivator for staff, childrenand parents a like and is a fantastic celebration. Everyone

comes away with a great sense of pride and achievement.

As well as being an excellent tool for framing academiclearning in an exciting context carnival also develops self-confidence and a sense of community.


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Thank you

Making a Carnival Band Planning Presentation 1

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