Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's...
-
Upload
roberta-hunter -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
0
Transcript of Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's...
![Page 1: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Major Objectives
1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life
2. Define Darwinism and Darwin's main ideas from the Origin of Species
3. Discuss examples of natural selection and other evidence for evolution
![Page 2: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
"Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of
evolution."
Theodosius Dobzhansky
![Page 3: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
What is Evolution??
Change in gene frequency in a population
over time
![Page 4: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Evolution was resisted by Western culture
-Greek philosophers:
Aristole (scala naturae)
-Natural theology (1700's)
![Page 5: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Ladder of Life
![Page 6: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Lamarkian Evolution
![Page 7: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Figure 22.3 Formation of sedimentary rock and deposition of fossils from different time periods
![Page 9: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Figure 22.2 Fossils of trilobites, animals that lived in the seas hundreds of millions of years ago
![Page 10: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Figure 22.4 Strata of sedimentary rock at the Grand Canyon
![Page 11: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
![Page 12: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Galapagos Island Finches: Beaks Differed According to Food Supply
![Page 14: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Darwin's Intellectual Revolution
![Page 15: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Millions of DNA Switches That Power Human Genome's Operating System Are
DiscoveredScienceDaily (Sep. 5, 2012) — The locations of millions of DNA
'switches' that dictate how, when, and where in the body different genes turn on and off have been identified by a
research team led by the University of Washington in Seattle. Genes make up only 2 percent of the human genome and were
easy to spot, but the on/off switches controlling those genes were encrypted within the remaining 98 percent of the genome.
![Page 17: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
![Page 18: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
In the mid-1990s, researchers were surprised to discover that fruit flies, mice, and humans who were born missing eye structures had defects in the same gene. This
gene, called Pax6 (or eyeless in flies), is required for normal eye development in all animals with bilateral symmetry. Even in eyes that look very different, Pax6 functions
in much the same way. When placed in a fly, the mouse Pax6 gene activates all the genes necessary to form a normal, functional fly eye (not a mouse eye).
![Page 19: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UBQ5a7mCpMs
What the Encode project tells us about the human genome and 'junk ENCODE, the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements, is the most ambitious human genetics project to date. It takes the 3 billion letters described by the Human Genome Project in 2000, and tries to explain them.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y3V2thsJ1Wc
![Page 21: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Darwinism has a dual meaning
-Evolution as the explanation for life's unity and diversity (descent with modification)
-Natural selection as the cause of adaptive evolution
![Page 22: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Figure 22.7 Descent with modification
![Page 23: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Darwin's main ideas from "The Origin of Species"
![Page 24: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Artificial Selection-selecting desired traits
![Page 25: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
1. Natural selection is differential success in reproduction
Idea of overreproduction influenced by Thomas Malthus (1798)
![Page 26: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
1. Differential success in reproduction
Not All Organisms Get To Mate
Why is this important?
![Page 27: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
2. Natural selection occurs through an interaction between the environment and the variability inherent among the individual organisms making up a population
Why is this important?
![Page 28: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
3. The product of natural selection is the adaptation of populations of organisms to their environment
How does this result in population change?
![Page 29: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
How does natural
selection work?
![Page 30: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Peppered Moths: Real Natural Selection Example
•Original population: white in color, blended into lichens on trees
•During industrial revolution, lichens died & trees covered in soot
•Lighter moths had higher predation rates, darker moths had high survival rates
•Over time, population became dominated by dark moths
![Page 31: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Darwin’s Theory of Natural Selection:
Favorable traits that are heritable become more common in successive generations of a population, and unfavorable traits
that are heritable become less common
If phenotypes have a genetic basis, phenotypes will increase or decrease in frequency
Results in change in gene frequency over time
![Page 33: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Darwin’s Theory Lacked Satisfactory Theory of Heredity
• Modern Synthesis (1920-1940):
• Unification of Mendel’s theory of heredity and Darwinian evolution
![Page 34: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Evidence for Evolution
![Page 35: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Evidence for EvolutionFossil Record
Natural selection
Homologous structures
Molecular Biology-DNA
Islands Vestigial Organs Convergent Evolution
![Page 36: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Same skeletal elements, different functions
![Page 37: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
500 endemic species
![Page 39: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Vestigial Organs
![Page 40: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Convergent Evolution- The independent development
of similarity between species as a result of their
having similar ecological roles and selection
pressures
![Page 41: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Major Objectives1. Do populations or organisms evolve?
2. What are the major differences between microevolution and macroevolution?
3. What are the four main factors that can alter genetic diversity?
4. Identify the three main modes of natural selection.
5. Describe the four main reasons why natural selection cannot produce perfection.
![Page 42: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
![Page 43: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Populations Evolve, Natural
Selection Occurs at the Level of Organisms
![Page 44: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Types of Evolution*Microevolution-A change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation
*Macroevolution-Evolutionary change on a grand scale, encompassing the origin of new taxonomic groups, evolutionary trends, adaptive radiation, and mass extinction
![Page 45: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Four Main Factors That Can Alter Genetic
Diversity1) Genetic Drift
A change in a population’s genetic diversity due to chance
![Page 46: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
![Page 47: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Why are small populations so vulnerable to extinction?
![Page 48: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Extinction Vortex
Disturbance lowers population size
Reduced Genetic Variability
Reduced ability to survive environmental stochasticity
![Page 49: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Founder Effect—example for higher risk of breast or ovarian cancer in women
![Page 50: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Four Main Factors That Can Alter Genetic
Diversity1) Genetic Drift
2) Natural Selection
Differential success in reproduction
![Page 51: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
![Page 52: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Four Main Factors That Can Alter Genetic
Diversity1) Genetic Drift
2) Natural Selection
3) Gene Flow
Genetic exchange due to the migration of fertile individuals between populations
![Page 53: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
![Page 54: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Four Main Factors That Can Alter Genetic
Diversity1) Genetic Drift
2) Natural Selection
3) Gene Flow
4) MutationAn accidental change in an
organism's DNA
![Page 55: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Natural Selection Common Misconceptions:Not Goal-Oriented or Progressive
• Change follows environmental conditions
![Page 56: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
"Survival of the Fittest"
-Misleading phrase: Does NOT mean competitiveness contest between individuals
-Darwinian Fitness: the contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to the contributions of other individuals
![Page 57: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Natural Selection Common Misconceptions:Is Specific to Environmental Conditions
• Specific phenotype is only adaptive in a specific environment
![Page 58: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Natural selection does not produce perfection
1) Evolution is limited by historical constraints
2) Adaptations are often compromises
3) Not all evolution is adaptive
4) Selection can only edit existing variations
![Page 59: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
All phenotypic variation is NOT heritablePhenotypes are the result of:
1) inherited genotype 2) environmental influences
Reaction Norms: pattern of phenotypic expression of a single
genotype across a range of environments
![Page 60: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Si el Norte Fuera el Sur:
A case of squirrel monkey identities
![Page 61: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vI7FYM9_EQE
![Page 62: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Table 1: Comparison of Saimiri oerstedii Populations
Characteristic La Cusinga/Manuel Antonio Osa Peninsula
Body weight (grams) F 600; M 750 F 650; M 800
Head colorationfemales - blackmales - gray
females - blackmales - black
Body coloration females & males orangevariable, but generally less brilliant than in Manuel Antonio; more of a copper-yellow
Grooming of infants by mothers common never observed
Spatial associations between resident males
remarkably closeclose, but not as tight as in Manuel Antonio
![Page 63: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
![Page 64: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
![Page 65: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Concept List
Group Number
Assigned Concepts
Mechanisms of Evolution
Modes of Action of Selection
SpeciationReproductive
Isolation
One Founder effect Allopatric speciation
Temporal isolation
Two Disruptive SelectionSympatric speciation
Behavioral isolation
Three Bottleneck effect Stabilizing selection Mechanical isolation
Four Sexual selectionParapatric speciation
Reduced hybrid viability
Five Genetic drift Directional selection Habitat isolation
![Page 66: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Your Assignment:
Working in your assigned group, use the information from the case study to develop a model of evolutionary divergence between these two populations. You may include as many details as you like in your story or scenario, but you must follow some guidelines:
1. Your model should account for at least some of the data supplied in the case study. 2. Your scenario must incorporate the three assigned concepts from the "Concept List" assigned to your group. For each concept you must demonstrate its relevance to your story. 3. Keep in mind that in an evolutionary “story” you will describe events in your monkey population(s) that may have occurred over very long time periods. Current evidence indicates the ancestors of S. oerstedii arrived in Central America from South America some 500,000 years ago, so you could describe plausible geological or climatic events during that time which are relevant to your scenario. In addition, remember the historical range of S. oerstedii was relatively continuous along the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica and western Panama until only 20 years ago. In other words, S. oerstedii was only very recently confined to the small populations of Manuel Antonio and Corcovado. 4. Your group should submit one written summary of the scenario you come up with to explain this speciation event. Rather than writing the “story” in paragraph form, please use an outline format.
5. Be prepared to present a brief summary of your model to the rest of the class!
![Page 67: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/67.jpg)
Four Main Modes of Genetic Selection
1) Directional Selection
2) Diversifying/Disruptive Selection
3) Stabilizing Selection
4) Sexual Selection
![Page 68: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/68.jpg)
![Page 69: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/69.jpg)
Directional Selection
![Page 70: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/70.jpg)
Diversifying Selection
![Page 71: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/71.jpg)
Stabilizing Selection
![Page 72: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/72.jpg)
Sexual Selection
![Page 73: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/73.jpg)
Three Main Types of Speciation
1) Allopatric Speciation
2) Sympatric Speciation
3) Parapatric Speciation
![Page 74: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/74.jpg)
![Page 75: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/75.jpg)
![Page 76: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/76.jpg)
![Page 77: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/77.jpg)
![Page 78: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/78.jpg)
![Page 79: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/79.jpg)
Elevational parapatry in the I. floralis group (left/top) and the nepos group +I. orpheus (right/bottom).
Hall J P Proc. R. Soc. B 2005;272:2457-2466
![Page 80: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/80.jpg)
Major Objectives
1. Define the biological species concept and its limitations
2. Understand prezygotic and postzygotic barriers that isolate gene pools of biological species.
![Page 81: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/81.jpg)
Biological Species Concept A species is a population or group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed with each other in nature to produce viable, fertile offspring.
Lynx rufusLynx canadensis
![Page 82: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/82.jpg)
What about limitations? *Difficult to test reproductive isolation of morphologically similar fossils
*Doesn't address species that reproduce asexually (e.g., bacteria)
*Doesn't address hybrids (e.g., plants, zoo animals)
*Difficult to test reproductive isolation of morphologically living species
![Page 83: Major Objectives 1. Understand the historical context for evolutionary theory, including Darwin's field research that helped frame his view of life 2.](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022062718/56649e745503460f94b745c2/html5/thumbnails/83.jpg)