Major Histocompatibility Antigens and Transplantation Immunobiology Lecture 17 November 9, 2010
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Major Histocompatibility Antigens and Transplantation Immunobiology
Lecture 17
November 9, 2010
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PAKISTAN: Under pressure to sell a kidney
Photo: Kamila Hyat/IRIN
Pervaiz Masih sees selling his kidney as the only way to pay off debts
LAHORE, 27 October 2008 (IRIN) - Pervaiz Masih, 32, is taking particular care of his diet these days. "I try to eat some meat and drink at least one glass of fruit juice a day. I need to be healthy because then it is more likely someone will buy my kidney," he told IRIN.
Masih, a labourer, earns about Rs 4,000 (about US$50) a month. With three children to support, he says it is impossible to survive on his income.
The family has accumulated heavy debts, owed to neighbours, relatives and shopkeepers. "The only way I can pay off these debts of around Rs 100,000 [US$1,250] is if I sell a kidney. I have been in touch with some agents from a hospital in Lahore and have been told I could get Rs 200,000 [about $2,500] or even more if a wealthy Pakistani or foreigner buys my kidney."
Before September 2007, Pakistan was known as a major world centre for “renal tourism”. The lack of laws governing the donation and transplant of kidneys made it easy for people needing a new organ to visit Pakistan and buy one - usually from destitute people desperate for cash.
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Prison for US body part snatchersThursday, 23 October 2008
Three men who admitted conspiring to sell on body parts harvested from corpses in the United States have been given
at least eight years in prison. A Philadelphia court jailed Louis and Gerald Garzone, who ran
funeral homes in the city, from eight to 20 years.
The scheme's mastermind, Michael Mastromarino, was handed 25 to 58
years - to run concurrently with a similar sentence already received in
New York. The body parts were sold to biomedical firms without the
consent of relatives. Mastromarino described his crimes as "disgusting and embarrassing"
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It is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha and beta chain in 95% of T cells, while 5% of T cells have TCRs consisting of gamma and delta chains.
The T-cell receptor
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V
J V D
J
No somatic mutation
During T cell development, palindrome, recombination, excision occurs.
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T cytotoxicT helper
All
nucleated
Ag
presenting
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Blood Group antigens
Karl Landsteiner, 1930
During WW1, 1914-1918, blood transfusions were attempted and patterns of rejection noted. The 1930’s in the US was the Great Depression.
.
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Cell surface Blood Group antigens
• MAJOR- ABO T cell independent antigens• MINOR- Duffy, Rh factor (D antigen) other T
cell dependent antigen
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This skin grafting instrument was made during World War II by Dr. Gilman Kirk from an 88-millimeter mortar shell casing.
1943 on - many reports of treatment of burns with skin
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Notice scale expanded
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Peter Gorer and George Snell
• Mouse strain A bred with Mouse Strain B• F1 generation• F1 accepts skin graft from either parent• Neither parent accepts skin graft from F1
• Thus it is a inherited trait.
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Donor cells +
Mitomycin C
Recipient cells
If no increase in cell Doubling of Extensive Proliferation
Number Cell Number
OK to transplant Possibility of Rejection Acute Rejection
In humans