Federal

Local

Tribal

State

Private

Major Animal Migration Routes

SaltonSea

MonoLake

LakeTahoe

GooseLakeHumboldt

Bay

San FranciscoBay

San DiegoBay

Monarc

h

Land Ownership

Waterfowl

Major Migration Routes

Monarch Butterflies

Sea Birds

Whales

Monarch WinteringGrounds

Monarch Areas of Concentration with (> 4,000 individuals)Public Access

National Wildlife Refuge

Clear Lake

Ventura

GoletaTecolote Canyon

Pismo State Beach

Sweet Springs

Monarchs that breed west of the continental divide, migrate to the California coast to winter over.

Blue-winged Teal(Anas discors)

15.5 Inches

Snowy Plover(Chardrius alexandrinus)

6.25 Inches

Gray Whale(Eschrichtius robustus)

Up to 46 Feet Long

Though the Gray whale is the most common whale species seen off the coast of California, Humpback whales and Sperm whales are also known to migrate along this coast.

These hawks migrate from the plains of North America to the pampas of Argentina.

Swainson's Hawk(Buteo swainsoni)

19 Inches

The second most common duck in western North America, the Blue-winged Teal, migrates farther south than any other waterfowl species often reaching Venezuela and Peru.

Monarch Butterfly(Danaus plexippus)

Bodega Dunes

Bolinas

Muir Beach

LighthouseNatural Bridges State BeachState Beach

University of California San Diego

Tony Lema Golf Course

ArdenwoodRegional Preserve

Monarch Grove Sanctuary

Andrew MoleraState Park

Swainson's Hawk W

ater fowl

48 California Geographic Alliance ©2010

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California Geographic Alliance ©2010 49

SourcesgeneralReferencesUsedthroughout:Atlas of California, 1979; American Heritage

Pictorial Atlas of US History, 1966; California

Water Atlas, 1979; California Patterns, 1983

Pages4-5Tom Patterson, Natural Earth II;

Environmental Systems Research Institute

Page6Oregon Geographic Alliance; Pacific

Coast Trail Association; USGS Lake Tahoe Data

Clearinghouse; USGS EarthExplorer

Page7Oregon Geographic Alliance;

Environmental Systems Research Institute

Page8 Oregon Geographic Alliance

Page9 Oregon Geographic Alliance

Page10 Oregon Geographic Alliance; Atlas of

California, 1979; US Census Bureau, 2000;

Environmental Systems Research Institute

Page11 California Geological Survey, California

Department of Conservation; UC Berkeley

Seismological Laboratory, Northern California

Earthquake Catalog; USGS Earthquake Hazards

Program-Northern California

Page12California Spatial Information Library;

USGS Digital Elevation Model

Page13 National Land Cover Database, 2001

Page14 Commission for Environmental

Cooperation (CEC), 2010

Page15 Atlas of California, 1979

Pages16-17,19 PRISM - a cooperative product

between Spatial Climate Analysis Service and the

Oregon Climate Service, Oregon State University,

Corvallis. This product contains data from The

Climate Source and is used herein by permission,

Copyright (c) 2010. The Climate Source. All

Rights Reserved.

Page18 National Climatic Data Center,

US Department of Commerce; USGS Digital

Elevation Model

Page20 Native Tribes of North America, Univ.

Calif. Publ. Am. Arch. and Ethn., Vol. 38, University

of California, 1939; Atlas of California, 1979;

California Patterns, 1983; California Indian

Libraries Collection, UC Berkeley

Page21 Native American Lands Today,

Geography Division, Cartographic Operations

Branch, U.S. Census Bureau, 2000

Page22-23 General references (above) and

Timeline Results for Spanish Missions, Google

Page24General: Exploration and Settlement

1820-1835, Perry-Castaneda Library Map

Collection, University of Texas Libraries; The

Search for a Southern Overland Route to

California, Harlan Hague, California Historical

Quarterly, Summer, 1976.

Anza: The Web de Anza Project, Center for

Advanced Technology in Education, College

of Education, University of Oregon.

Ogden: Peter Skene Ogden’s Snake Country Journals

Portola: Gaspar de Portola, San Diego

Biographies, San Diego Historical Society

Smith: Jedediah S. Smith, Utah History

Encyclopedia

Young: End of the Oregon Trail Interpretive Center

Fremont: Captain John Charles Fremont and the

Bear Flag Revolt, The California State Military

Museum, California State Military Department

California Trail: California National Historic

Trail, National Park Service, US Department

of the Interior

Hudson Bay Company: Our History, Hudson

Bay Company

Page25The Atlas of California, 1979; California

Spatial Information Library; Calisphere

Collections for Educators, University of California

Page26Map of the Gold Regions of California,

Showing the Routes via Chagres and Panama,

Cape Horn, & c., 1849 (David Rumsey Map

Collection); Atlas of California, 1979; Tom

Patterson, Natural Earth II

Page27Atlas of California, 1979

California Spatial Information Library

USGS Digital Elevation Model

Page28California: An Interpretive History, 2002;

California Spatial Information Library

Page29AWIPS California Counties

Page30California Spatial Information Library

Page31California Spatial Information Library;

US Fish and Wildlife Service

Page32Handbook of North American Indians,

Vol 8, 1978; J.T. Davis, 1974 (1961); Atlas of

California, 1979

Page33California Spatial Information Library

Page34The California Water Atlas, 1979

Page35California Department of Water Resources

Page36California Spatial Information Library;

The Atlas of California, 1979; The California Water

Atlas, 1979

Page37California Department of Water

Resources, and the California Water Atlas, 1979

Page38Farmlands Mapping and Monitoring;

Program, California Department of Conservation;

California Department of Forestry and

Fire Protection; California Department of

Water Resources

Page39California Department of Food

and Agriculture

Page40“Analysis of California Agricultural

Issues.” University of California Agricultural

Issues Center, 2009.

Page41International Trade Administration,

US Department of Commerce; California

Technology, Trade, and Commerce Agency

Page42Homeland Security; Public Policy

Institute of California; Statistical Yearbook of

the Immigration and Naturalization Service;

State of California, Department of Finance;

State of California, Department of Finance, Legal

Immigration to California, 1984-1994: A Summary,

January 1997.

Page43US Census Bureau, 2000

Page44US Census Bureau, 2000

Page45US Census Bureau, 2000

Page46-47US Census Bureau, 2000;

Environmental Systems Research Institute

Page48US Fish and Wildlife Service;

California Spatial Information Library.

Page50California Community Colleges

Chancellor’s Office; The California State

University Map of Campus Locations;

University of California It starts here

Page52California as an Island: circa 1650,

Johannes Vingboons

Companion Website for California: A Changing Statewww.humboldt.edu/cga

Downloadable Maps Downloadable Images

Interactive Maps Lesson Plans

Expanded Glossary Deconstructed Text

theCaliforniageographicAlliance promotes standards-based geographic education

among teachers, students, and the public. We help educators prepare students to

embrace a diverse world, succeed in a global economy, and steward the planet’s resources.

Animal Migration (map on left page)California’s diverse natural environments provide habitat

for more plant and animal species than any other state.

This remarkable biodiversity includes species of 5,418 plants,

415 birds, 195 mammals, 86 reptiles, 57 amphibians, and

62 freshwater fish. Their continued survival depends on a

complicated patchwork of private and government owned

land. While parks and reserves protect many species, humans

use much of California for housing, crops, and grazing. This

affects the habitats required for native plants and animals.

migratory species spend part of each year in California, then

fly, walk, or swim elsewhere for the rest of the year. California’s

mid-latitude location on the globe places it squarely on the

path of waterfowl and whale migrations between Arctic

summer feeding grounds and more southerly winter locations.

Birds and butterflies also travel between the Pacific Coast and

interior North America. The map does not show the seasonal

movement of species within California, such as deer migrations

up and down mountain slopes in search of better food, and the

California Gull that winters on the coast, and then flies across

the Sierra Nevada to summer at Mono Lake.

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