Maintaining Antenna

Nokia Siemens Networks Antenna Systems, Operating Documentation, v. 4

Maintaining Antenna Systems

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Issue 3-0Approval Date 2010-02-04

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The information in this document is subject to change without notice and describes only the product defined in the introduction of this documentation. This documentation is intended for the use of Nokia Siemens Networks customers only for the purposes of the agreement under which the document is submitted, and no part of it may be used, reproduced, modified or transmitted in any form or means without the prior written permission of Nokia Siemens Networks. The documentation has been prepared to be used by professional and properly trained personnel, and the customer assumes full responsibility when using it. Nokia Siemens Networks welcomes customer comments as part of the process of continuous development and improvement of the documentation.

The information or statements given in this documentation concerning the suitability, capacity, or performance of the mentioned hardware or software products are given "as is" and all liability arising in connection with such hardware or software products shall be defined conclusively and finally in a separate agreement between Nokia Siemens Networks and the customer. However, Nokia Siemens Networks has made all reasonable efforts to ensure that the instructions contained in the document are adequate and free of material errors and omissions. Nokia Siemens Networks will, if deemed necessary by Nokia Siemens Networks, explain issues which may not be covered by the document.

Nokia Siemens Networks will correct errors in this documentation as soon as possible. IN NO EVENT WILL Nokia Siemens Networks BE LIABLE FOR ERRORS IN THIS DOCUMENTA-TION OR FOR ANY DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO SPECIAL, DIRECT, INDI-RECT, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL OR ANY LOSSES, SUCH AS BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF PROFIT, REVENUE, BUSINESS INTERRUPTION, BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY OR DATA,THAT MAY ARISE FROM THE USE OF THIS DOCUMENT OR THE INFORMATION IN IT.

This documentation and the product it describes are considered protected by copyrights and other intellectual property rights according to the applicable laws.

The wave logo is a trademark of Nokia Siemens Networks Oy. Nokia is a registered trademark of Nokia Corporation. Siemens is a registered trademark of Siemens AG.

Other product names mentioned in this document may be trademarks of their respective owners, and they are mentioned for identification purposes only.

Copyright © Nokia Siemens Networks 2009. All rights reserved

f Important Notice on Product Safety Elevated voltages are inevitably present at specific points in this electrical equipment. Some of the parts may also have elevated operating temperatures.

Non-observance of these conditions and the safety instructions can result in personal injury or in property damage.

Therefore, only trained and qualified personnel may install and maintain the system.

The system complies with the standard EN 60950 / IEC 60950. All equipment connected has to comply with the applicable safety standards.

The same text in German:

Wichtiger Hinweis zur Produktsicherheit

In elektrischen Anlagen stehen zwangsläufig bestimmte Teile der Geräte unter Span-nung. Einige Teile können auch eine hohe Betriebstemperatur aufweisen.

Eine Nichtbeachtung dieser Situation und der Warnungshinweise kann zu Körperverlet-zungen und Sachschäden führen.

Deshalb wird vorausgesetzt, dass nur geschultes und qualifiziertes Personal die Anlagen installiert und wartet.

Das System entspricht den Anforderungen der EN 60950 / IEC 60950. Angeschlossene Geräte müssen die zutreffenden Sicherheitsbestimmungen erfüllen.

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Table of ContentsThis document has 12 pages.

Summary of changes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1 Routine maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.1 Maintaining Antenna Systems and checking cables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61.2 Maintaining Antenna Systems units. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

2 MHA system checks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.1 Checking the condition of the Bias-T . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.2 Checking the condition of the Dual MHA unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102.3 Checking the condition of the cable set . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

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Maintaining Antenna Systems Summary of changes

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Summary of changesChanges between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue contains all changes made to previous issues.

Changes between issues 2-1 and 3-0The document has been split into two separate documents: Maintaining Antenna Systems and Repairing Antenna Systems.

Changes between issues 2-0 and 2-1Section Repairing Multiradio Combiner subsystem has been removed from the docu-ment.

WMHC has been removed from section Checking the condition of the Dual MHA unit.

Editorial changes have been made to section Maintaining Antenna Systems units.

The document has been renamed from Maintaining and Repairing Nokia Antenna Line to Maintaining and Repairing Antenna Systems . References to 'Nokia' have been removed. Product line 'Nokia Antenna Line' has been renamed to 'Antenna Systems'.

The content of Sections Maintaining Nokia Antenna Line Bias-T and checking cables, Maintaining Nokia Antenna Line Diplexer or Triplexer, Maintaining Nokia Antenna Line Dual MHA and checking cables, Maintaining EMP protector, Maintaining feeder cables, Maintaining Nokia RealTilt, Maintaining Nokia Multiradio Combiner and checking cables, Maintaining Nokia WMHD Masthead Amplifier and checking cables, and Main-taining and repairing WRGT have been merged into Section Maintaining Antenna Systems units.

References in Sections Repairing Multiradio Combiner and Repairing WMHD Masthead Amplifier have been replaced with content from Multiradio Combiners (MRC) Product Description and WMHD Masthead Amplifier Product Description.

The content of Section Removing the units of Nokia Antenna Line system has been merged into Section Removing Antenna Systems.

Changes between issues 1-1 and 2-0Section Maintaining and repairing WRGT wideband combiner has been added.

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Routine maintenance

1 Routine maintenance

1.1 Maintaining Antenna Systems and checking cables Before you startAntennas are maintenance-free devices. If an antenna fails, it must be replaced. For more information, see Section Repairing the antenna.

Complete the following checks to ensure that the antennas continue to operate cor-rectly:

Steps

1 Check that antennas do not have paint on the radomes. This is especially impor-tant for wall-mounted antennas.

2 Check that antenna radomes are clean and undamaged.

3 Clean all dirt on and around the antennas.

4 Check that mounting clamps are secure.

5 Check that all groundings on the mast structure and on the feeder cable are secure.

6 Check that feeder cables are not damaged, especially where the feeder cable is horizontal.

7 Make sure that all the weatherproofing tape on the connectors (at the base of the antennas and between the jumper cable and feeder cable or MHA) is intact, neat, and undamaged.

8 Check the jumper cable for signs of deterioration.If the cable shows any signs of chaffing, but the core is not exposed, it should be re-secured. Replace any cables showing major damage such as an exposed core.

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1.2 Maintaining Antenna Systems unitsPurposeThe following section gives a general overview of maintaining Antenna Systems units. Instructions are similar for the different units and components, therefore they are described together. The instructions below apply for the following units:

• Bias-Ts • MHAs • Diplexers/hybrid combiners • Triplexers • EMP protectors • DC stops • feeder and jumper cables • RealtTilt system • MRCs and WRGT wideband combiner

Before you start

☞ To avoid climbing the mast, maintenance checks can be performed on ground level using binoculars or a good digital camera.

Antenna Systems units are maintenance-free devices. If Antenna Systems units fail, they must be replaced. For more information, see section Repairs in Repairing Antenna Systems document.

In about every six months, perform the following checks to ensure that the Antenna Systems units operate correctly:

Steps

1 Clean all dirt on and around the Antenna Systems units.

2 Check the connectors to make sure they are sealed and installed correctly.

3 Check that the bonding tape applied on the connectors is intact, neat, and undam-aged.

4 Check all associated cables for signs of deterioration.If the cables show signs of chaffing, but the core is not exposed, re-secure them. Replace cables showing major damage, such as an exposed core.

5 Check that the groundings on the feeder cables and on the mast structure are secure.

6 If MHAs are installed

Then

Check that all mounting clamps are secure.

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7 If RealTilt systems is installed

Then

Calibrate the antennas to keep the RealTilt system from jamming.If RealTilt is not used for a long period of time, there is a possibility that the system may jam. Calibrating the antennas every six months keeps the system operational. This practice is also valid for Flexi WCDMA BTS remote antenna tilting solution.

8 If MRCs are installed in a stack, on a pole or wall

Then

Check that all plinths are secure.

Further informationFor repair or removal instructions, see the following sections:

• Repairing Bias-T • Repairing MHA subsystem • Repairing EMP protector • Repairing cables • Repairing RealTilt • Removing external diplexers/triplexers • Removing external combiners

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Maintaining Antenna Systems MHA system checks

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2 MHA system checks

2.1 Checking the condition of the Bias-T PurposeAll the components of the MHA system are factory tested against their main operational parameters, therefore the verification procedures described in this section are not part of the normal installation routine. These procedures are intended to aid fault location in units generating alarms, or units suspected to be faulty.

Steps

1 Check the resistance.Use a multimeter with probe (set to ohms) to check the Bias-T by measuring the resis-tance between the centre pin at the ANT port and pin 1 on the PITA connector. Check that the centre pin of the BTS port is open circuit to ground.

Expected outcome The resistance should be less than 2.5 ohms.

2 Check the TX loss.To check the TX loss of a Bias-T, follow the procedures described in SectionChecking the condition of Dual MHA unit, but also refer to SectionMaintaining Antenna Systems units.

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2.2 Checking the condition of the Dual MHA unitPurposeAll the components of the MHA system are factory tested against their main operational parameters, therefore the verification procedures described in this section are not a part of the normal installation routine. These procedures are intended to aid fault location in units generating alarms, or units suspected to be faulty.

Before you start

g The testing procedure described in this section should only be performed by person-nel who have a good understanding of the MHA system.

The main operational parameters of an MHA unit are:

• RX gain: • MDTA, MDGA: min 32 dB • MDDA, MDPA: min 12/33 dB • WMHD: min 12 dB

• TX return loss: • MDTA, MDGA: min 18 dB • MDDA, MDPA: min 18 dB • WMHD: min 18 dB

• TX insertion loss: • MDTA, MDGA: max 0.8 dB • MDDA, MDPA: max 0.7 dB • WMHD: max 0.5 dB (over temperature range), 0.4 dB (in room temperature)

• RX return loss: • MDTA, MDGA: 12 dB (RX band in by-pass mode) • MDDA, MDPA: 18 dB • WMHD: min 16 dB

For further information about MHAs, see Section Masthead Amplifier (MHA) system in Antenna Systems Product Description.

It is difficult to check the noise figure in the field or in warehouse conditions. The RX gain and noise figure are related to the performance of the same amplifier, so it is unlikely that a single value would have significantly changed if the other value has not changed.

Therefore, the TX loss or return loss can be checked to monitor MHA condition. Mea-suring any other parameter of the MHA requires complex test equipment and skilled per-sonnel. Furthermore, checking the current consumption can lead to false conclusions since not all power supplies work properly with the MHA unit.

Only the WCDMA MHA is required to check the TX loss, because the TX loss can be measured when the MHA is not biased. Use a network analyser with test leads with 7-16 male coaxial connectors to test the equipment.

!

The network analyser is heavy. Additional personnel may be required to operate the network analyser.

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Steps

1 Set the measurement range of the network analyser to cover the TX band shown in the type label of the MHA.

2 Calibrate the network analyser.Connect the cable in the source port of the analyser to the cable in the response port of the analyser using a 7-16 female-female coaxial adapter.

3 Connect the MHA in the place of the 7-16 coaxial adapter.Connect the source port of the analyser to the BTS port and the response port of the analyser to the ANT port of the MHA.

4 Measure the loss.

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2.3 Checking the condition of the cable setPurposeAll the components of MHA system are factory tested against their main operational parameters, therefore the verification procedures described in this section are not a part of the normal installation routine. These procedures are intended to aid fault location in alarmed units or units suspected to be faulty.

Steps

1 Visually check each cable for any signs of chaffing or other forms of damage.

2 Cables can be checked for broken connections and short circuit against ground and other connector pins, by checking pin-to-pin using a standard multimeter and the appropriate pin lists.

Maintaining Antenna

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