280

intra-regional disparities. Availability of basic amenities like drinking water,

toilet facilities, domestic electricity connections, permanent houses and non-

traditional fuel has been examined and quality of life indices are worked out.

To sum up the study is confined to the hypotheses and objectives in total.

All the four hypotheses are found to be valid. Analysis has taken place in the

light of the objectives.

Main Findings &Conclusions:

1. HDI in Andhra Pradesh has increased from 0.500 in 1991 to 0.516 in

2001 and then decreased marginally to 0.501 in 2011 as per the UNDP

method while it has increased form 0.351 in 1981 to 0.472 in 2001 and

decreased negligibly to 0.471 in 2011 under Research Method.

2. HDIs of the Coastal Andhra increased up to 2001 and then decreased in

2011 form 0.533 to 0.519 in UNDP method. However it has increased all

through in between 1981 – 2011 in the Researcher Method from 0.382 to

0.489.

3. HDI in Rayalaseema decreased up to 2001 and then increased from 0.426

to 0.452 in 2011 in UNDP Method. However in Researcher Method it has

increased all through from 0.342 to 0.452.

4. HDI in Telangana has increased up to 2001 and then decreased from

0.544 to 0.495 in 2011 in UNDP Method. The same trend is noted in

Researcher’s Method also, decrease from 0.499 to 0.452 in between 2001

and 2011.

5. Applying the UNDP report’s criterion of grouping it is noted that

Hyderabad district alone is in the very high HDI group (0.8+) in the state

in 2011 with no other district in the high HDI (0.7 – 0.8) group. Ranga

Reddy and Medak in Telangana and all the Coastal Andhra districts

except Srikakulam and Vizianagaram are in the medium HDI group (0.5

– 0.7) while the remaining 13 districts are in low HDI (< 0.5) group. The

281

state and Coastal Andhra are in the medium HDI group while Telangana

and Rayalaseema are in the low HDI groups revealed by UNDP method.

In the researcher’s method also Hyderabad is in the very high HDI group

in 2011 with no other district in the high HDI group. In contrast to the

UNDP method only six districts are in the medium HDI group of which

one (Ranga Reddy) is from Telangana, one (Chittoor) is from

Rayalaseema and the remaining four (Krishna, West Godavari, Guntur

and Nellore) are from Coastal Andhra. The remaining 16 districts are in

low HDI group.

6. Public health expenditure in A.P had decreased from 8.74 percent of the

budjet in 1970 – 71 to 4.99 percent in 1995 – 96 over the years. Hospital:

Population ration had increased from one hospital gor 3.9 lakhs people to

one hospital fro 4.68 laks people. IMR had increased in between 2001

and 2011 from 43 to 46. Social sector expenditure too, decreased from 11

percent of the budjet in 1986 – 87 to 6 percent during 2002 – 06. Over the

years expenditure on health and education has been relatively low when

compared to the all India averages. Unemployment had increased both in

rural and urban areas in A.P between 1993 – 94 and 2004 – 05 as

observed from NSSO surveys. Agriculture has been in distress and crop

holidays have been reported. All these factors have pulled down the

income and health dimensions of HDI as other wise it should have been

higher undet the impetus of growing literacy rates

7. Quality of Life in the state as well as the regions has increased during the

study period; State from 0.350 in 1981 to 0.670 in 2011, Coastal Andhra

0.405 to 0.680, Rayalaseema 0.365 to 0.690 and Telangana from 0.311 to

0.660.

8. Women Status has continuously increased in the state and in the regions

as sex ratios and female literacy rates have increased; State from 0.530 to

282

0.774; Coastal Andhra from 0.590 to 0.774; Rayalaseema from 0.490 to

0.749 and Telangana from 0.520 to 0.764.

9. Regional disparities are evident in the state of Andhra Pradesh, Coastal

Andhra has more than the state average values in all dimensions of

Human Development in all the years of study.

10. Intra-regional disparities are considerable, Metropolises (Hyderabad and

Rangareddy districts) and South Coastal Andhra have higher index values

all through.

11. Lag behind districts in the regions have been the same in the base and the

terminals years of the study. Srikakulam, Vizianagaram, Ananthapur,

Kurnool, Mahabubnagar and Adilabad have been the lag behind districts.

12. South Coastal Andhra is in the second position after Metropolis districts

in all dimensions of Human Development.

13. Top two or three districts in a region have remained at the top while

bottom districts are at the bottom in the base and terminal years.

14. There are variations in the basic development indicators like literacy,

female literacy, DEC, safe drinking water and toilet facilities among the

regions and among the districts in a region which lead to disparities in

Human Development.

15. Human Development trends of different dimensions are close between

the state and the regions during the years of study.

16. Sex ratios in the state, regions and districts are higher than the national

averages. Sex ratios in A.P, Coastal Andhra, Rayalaseema and Telangana

in 2011 are 992; 1001; 987 and 989 respectively against the all India ratio

of 940.

17. Sex ratio is not related to Human Development/Economic Development

alone. It is noted in the study that lag behind districts in HDI have higher

sex ratios. It can be inferred that sex ratio depends on so many extraneous

factors.

283

18. IMR in the state, Rayalaseema and Telangana has increased between

2001 and 2011, whereas it is constant at 42 in Coastal Andhra; State from

43 to 46, Rayalaseema from 45 to 47 and Telangana from 40 to 49.

19. Factors conducive to economic development have their impact on Human

Development as observed in the study. It implies that there is positive

relationship between economic development and Human Development.

Suggestions

1. Human Development is to be given more priority in Andhra Pradesh so as

to improve the welfare of the people.

2. Uttrandhra, Rest of Telangana districts and lag benind districts in

Rayalaseema be given special treatment to increase Human welfare.

3. Regional disparities and intra regional disparities encourage

dissatisfaction and divisive tendencies. Development is to percolate to the

backward regions and districts.

4. Literacy, more so female literacy in the districts is to be given more

importance. Education of girl child is to be given more thrust through

incentives. Government educational instutions in the rural Andhra

Pradesh are to be strengthened.

5. Basic aminities like safe drinking water, toilet facilities permanent

houses, electricity for domestic use are to be provided in the lag behind

districts extensively and public investment for providing these eminities

need to be augmented.

6. Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is to be checked. Medical facilities by the

Government including child and metarnity care should reach the rural

people. Corporate Hospitals and private medical facilities are not within

the reach of the rural people in view of poverty. Mobile medical facilities

with doctors be arranged in the villages.

284

7. Viable agriculture, agro-based industries, small and cottage industries be

encouraged in rural areas to promote economic development which in its

turn, promote Human Development.

8. Economic development, for that matter Human Development, should

reach the people in the in the hinter land. It should not concentrate in the

Metropolis, urban centers and a few districts in the regions.

9. Employment can generate income and income is the source for a

comfortable living and Humand welfare, through, not the only source.

Employment generation in the rural areas can go a long way in improving

Human Development. Programmes like MGNREGS be made effective to

increase employment and wage incomes in rural Andhra Pradesh.

10. Transport and communications facilities in the rural areas can create

economic buzz by encouraging demonstrative effect which enhances

Human Development.

11. Lag behind districts are to be identified in the regions for development by

providing special packages failing which people in these districts remain

spectators of Human Development of other areas.

The development of Andhra Pradesh, dose not mean the development of

Hyderabad, Rangareddy districts along with the six South Coastal Andhra

districts. The engine of Human Development has been surging ahead in Andhra

Pradesh, but most of the districts are on the platform only, being unable to catch

the train of the Human Development. The end of the waiting should begin in the

right earnest.

285

Selected Bibilography

1

Abhul salah sharief

maitray and

Krishnaji

2007 “State Market and in equalities” Edited by orient Longman private

limited New Delhi.

2 Acharya, Sarthi

(1996),

“Access to Primary Education : Rural Maharashtra”, Studies on Human

Development in India, Discussion Paper Series No. 19, UNDP, December.

3 Adelman, Irma and

Cynthia Taft Morris

(1973), Economic Growth and Social Equity in Developing Countries,

Stanford University Press, Stanford, California.

4 Agarwal, Bina

(1985), “Work Participation of Rural Women in Third World - Some Data

and Conceptual Biases”, Economic and Political Weekly, December 21-

28.

5 Agnihotri, S.B. (1995), “Missing Females - A Disaggregated Analysis”, Economic and

Political Weekly, August 19.

6 Agnihotri, S.B.

(1997), Sex Ratio Imbalances in India - A Disaggregated Analysis,

Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis submitted to the School of Development Studies

of the University of East Anglia, April.

7 Ahluwalia, “State level performance under economic reforms in India, Economic

policy reforms and the Indian Economy 2002 books. Google.com

8 Aijaz, Nasim (1997), Gender Profile - North-Eastern Districts of Uttar Pradesh, Royal

Netherlands Embassy, October.

9 Aijaz, Rumi (1997), Gender Profile - Saharanpur District, Uttar Pradesh, Royal

Netherlands Embassy, October.

10 Alkire Sabina (2002), “Dimensions of Human Development”, World Development 30

(2), pp 181 – 205.

11

Amar Kumar

Mohanty, Narayana

Nayak and

Banichatterjee

“ Human Development in Orissa An Inter-District Analysis from the

perspective of infrastructure” edited by Himanshu Sekhar Prasanth kumar

Rout Panda New Century publications 4800/24, Bharatram Road, Darya

Ganj, New Delhi-110002 (India)

12 Amartya Sen

“Human Capital and Human Capacity” Re-produced from “Hand book of

UNDO “World Development” 1977, 25 (12) PP 1959-61 in Oxford

University New York.

13 Anand Sudhir and

Sen, Amartya

(2000); “Human Development and Economic Sustainability”, World

Development, 28 (12), pp 2029- 2049.

14 Annapurani

“Concept and Estimation of Human Development Index” Has worked out

physical quality of Life Index (PQLI) R Datt – 2003

books.google.com.pp159-166.

15 Arnold, Fred (1992), “Sex Preference and its Demographic and Health Implications”,

International Family Planning Perspectives, 18(3): pp. 93-101.

16 Arumugam, V. 1999, “Human Development Index: A Study of Districts in

Tamilnadu.www.orissa.gov.in/p&c/humandevelopment/hdr/reference.pdf

17 Aswanikumar

Mishra and Biswa

“The perspectives of Economic Growth and Social insecurity on Human

Development for lagging states in India” 2009 edited by Himanshu Sekhar

Prasanth kumar Rout Panda New Century publications 4800/24, Bharatram

Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110002 (India)

286

18 Bardhan, Kalpana

(1985), “Women’s Work, Welfare and Status : Forces of Tradition and

Change in India”, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 20, No. 50,

December 14 & 21-28.

19 Baster, N. (1972), ‘Development Indicators: An Introduction’, in N. Baster (ed.),

Measuring Development, Frank Cass, London, pp. 1-20

20 Bauer, R.A.

(1966), Detection and Anticipation of Impact. The Nature of the Task, in

R.A. Bauer (ed), Social Indicators, MIT. Press, Cambridge, Mass, pp. 1-

67.

21 Bayless, M and S

Bayless

(1982), ‘Current Quality of Life Indicators: Some Theoretical and

Methodological Concerns”, in American Journal of Economics and

Sociology, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 421-37.

22 Bell, C. (1987), “Development Economics”, entry in Palgrave’s Dictionary of

Economics.

23 Bhandari, Rajika

(1991), “Amniocentesis : Sunset at Dawn”, Human Rights Monograph

Series, Vol. 11, No. 9, June, Centre for Research and Documentation in

Human Rights and Citizen’s Entitlement.

24 Bhatt, “Human Development profile A Study of primary educational Standards in

Uttara Pradesh” (2003) Books. Google page 359 – 373

25 Bijpai. N, Sachs.

J.D.

“Trends in Inter State disparities of income in India” Academiccomons,

Columbia edu (1996)

26 Biswajith Guha 2003 Human Development in India A Study of Inter State Disparity – R

Datt – 2003 Books Google.com page 211 – 229

27 Booth, T.A. (1982), “Economics and the Poverty of Social Planning” in Public

Administration, Vol.60, No.2, pp.197-214.

28 C.P. Kindleberger,

A.

Theneum and Bruce Herrick, (1977) ‘Economic Development, Megraw

Hill; Kogakusha

29

Chenery, H.B.,

Montek.S.

Ahluwalia, C.L.G.

Bell, John. H. Duloy

and R. Jolly

(1974), Redistribution with Growth, Oxford University Press, London.

30 Clark, Alice W. (1987), “Social Demography of Excess Female Mortality in India - New

Directions”, Economic and Political Weekly, April 25.

31 D. Gonlet (1971) the cruel choice; “A new concept on Theory of Development”, New

York.

32 Das Gupta M. and

P.N. Mari Bhat

(1997),”Fertility Decline and Increased Manifestation of Sex Bias in

India”, Population Studies, 51.

33 Das Gupta, Monica (1987), “Selective Discrimination Against Female Children in Rural

Punjab, India”, Population and Development Review, 12, No.1, March.

34 Dasgupta et al , “Growth and Inter-state disparity in India” Indian Research Agenda, EPW

1996.

35 Debi, Sailabala

(1996), “Growth and Possible Determinants of Literacy/Education in

Orissa (District Level Secondary Data)”, Studies on HDI, Discussion Paper

Series No. 18, UNDP Project, December.

287

36 Desai Meghnad (1991), “Human Development Concepts and Measurements”, European

Economic Review, 35 (2 and 3) pp 352 – 357 .

37 Dholakia R. H. Spatial dimension of acceleration of economic growth in India EPW 1994

38

Dijkstra, A. Geske

and Lucia C.

Hammer

(1997), “Measuring Socio-Economic Gender Inequality : Towards an

Alternative to the UNDP Gender Related Development Index”, ISS

Working Paper Series No. 251, The Hague, Netherlands, July.

39 Drewnowski, J. (1974), On Measuring and Planning the Quality of Life, Mouton, for the

Institute of Social Studies, The Hague.

40 Dreze, J and A.K.

Sen

(1995), India:Economic Development and Social Opportunity, Oxford

University, New Delhi.

41 Duvvury, Nata (1989), “Women in Agriculture : A Review of the Indian Literature”,

Economic and Political Weekly, October 28.

42 Eduards, M. et al

(1985), “Equality: How Equal?”, in Haavio-Mannila, Ilina et.al.,

Unfinished Democracy - Women in Nordic Politics, Pergamon Press,

Oxford.

43 EPW Research

Foundation

(1994), “Social Indicators of Development for India - I & II”, Economic

and Political Weekly, May 14 and 21.

44 Fukuda – Parr

Sakiko

(2005), “Rescuing the Human Development Concept from HDI,

Reflections on a New Agenda”, Readings in Human Development, Oxford

University, New Delhi PP 117 – 124.

45 Fukuda-Parr,

Sakiko

(2007) “The case of World Bank Flagship Reports” Indian Journal of

Human Development. I (1) PP 153-159

46 G. Ramachandrudu

& M.Prasada Rao

‘Census 2001 & 2004, ‘Human Development in India’, Serial Publications

Civil lines, Delhi 110054 (India)

47 G.B.Pant “Human Development profile A Study of primary educational Standards

in Uttara Pradesh” (2003) Books. Google page 359 – 373

48 Ganguli, B. N. (1975), Concept of Equality, Indian Institute of Advanced Studies, Shimla.

49

George, Sabu,

Rajarathram Abel

and B.D. Miller

(1992), “Female Infanticide in Rural South India”, Economic and Political

Weekly, May 30.

50 Gerschenkron, A

(1952), “Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective”, in The

Progress of Underdeveloped Countries, B. Hoselitz (ed.), Chicago

University Press, Chicago.

51 Giffin, Keith .B and

Knight, John

(1990):Human Development, the case for Renewed Emphasis in Keith B,

Griffin and John Knight (Eds), “Human Development and the International

Development Strategies for the 1990s” Macmillan in association with

United Nations, London pp 9 – 40

52 Griffin, Keith B

(2006), “A Witness of two Revolution’s”, in James, K. Boyce, Stephen

Cullenberg, Prasantha, K. Patnaik and Robert Pollin (eds), Human

Development in the Era of Globalization, essays in honour of Keith.B,

Griffin, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, U.K, PP 15-27

288

53 Griffin, Keith B

(2006), “A Witness of two Revolution’s”, in James, K. Boyce, Stephen

Cullenberg, Prasantha, K. Patnaik and Robert Pollin (eds), Human

Development in the Era of Globalization, essays in honour of Keith.B,

Griffin, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, U.K, PP 15-27.

54 Gulati, Leela and

Hilde Jannsen

(1997), Gender Profile - Karnataka, Royal Netherlands Embassy,

October.

55

Gulati, Leela,

Ramalingam and

I.S. Gulati

(undated), Gender Profile - KERALA, Royal Netherlands Embassy, New

Delhi.

56 Gupta, “The role of the public sector in reducing regional income disparity in

Indian Plans” The Journal of Development Studies1973 Taylor and Francis.

57 Haddad, L and R.

Kanbur

(1990), “How Serious is the Neglect of Intra-Household Inequality”, The

Economic Journal, 100: pp. 866-888.

58 Haq, Mahbub-ul (1997), Human Development in South Asia, Oxford University Press,

Karachi.

59 Haq-Maboob-Ul (1995), “Reflections on Human Development” Oxford University Press,

New York.

60 Haq-Maboob-Ul (1995), “Reflections on Human Development” Oxford University Press,

New York.

61 Haq-Maboob-Ul (1995), “Reflections on Human Development” Oxford University Press,

New York.

62 Haq-Maboob-Ul (1995), “Reflections on Human Development” Oxford University Press,

New York.

63 Hicks, N. and P.

Streeten

(1979), ‘Indicators of Development, : The Search for a Basic Needs

Yardstick’, World Development, Vol.7, No. 6, pp. 567-580.

64 Hilhorst, J.G.M and

M. Klatter

(eds) (1985), Social Development in the Third World - Level of Living

Indicators and Social Planning, Croomhelm, London.

65 Hirway

Indira and Darshini Mahadevia (1996), “Critique of Gender Development

Index : Towards an Alternative”, Economic and Political Weekly, October

26.

66 Holi, Karel (1992), “ Measuring Human Development”, American Journal of

Economics and Sociology, 51 (4) PP 493 – 94.House, New Delhi.

67 I Cashin and Sahy, “Internal Migration Centre – State Grants and Economic Growth in the

states of India”, Staff Papers IMF, 1996.

68 Jahan, Selin (2005):

“Evolution of the Human Development Index” in Sakiko Fukuda – Parr

and A.K.Sivakumar (Eds), “Readings in Human Development Index”

Oxford University Press, New Delhi, pp 152 – 161.

69 Jejeebhoy, Shireen

J.

(1993), “Family Size, Outcomes for Children, and Gender Disparities -

Case of Rural Maharashtra”, Economic and Political Weekly, August 28.

70 Jetley, Surinder (1987), “Impact of Male Migration on Rural Females”, Economic and

Political Weekly, October 31.

289

71 Joshi, Sudhanshu (1997), Gender Profile - Uttar Pradesh, Royal Netherlands Embassy,

March.

72 Kalpagam, U. (1986), “Gender in Economics - The Indian Experience”, Economic and

Political Weekly, October 25.

73 Kelley, A. C. (1991), “The Human Development Index: Handle with Care”, Population

and Development Review, Vol. 17, No. 2.

74 Khan, M.E., et.al.,

(1983), “Women and Health - A Case Study of Sex Discrimination”, Paper

presented at the Joint ICMR, Ford Foundation Workshop on Child Health,

Nutrition and Family Planning, Bangalore, Nov. 9-11, 1983.

75 Koti Reddy. A.V. ‘Adhunikaandhra Desha Charithra’ Telugu Akademi, Hyderabad, 1987.

76 Krishnaji, N. (1987), Poverty and Sex Ratio – Some Data and Speculations, Occasional

Paper No. 91, Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta, April.

77 Kundu, A. and M.

Sahu

(1991), “Variations in Sex Ratio : Development Implications”, Economic

and Political Weekly, Vol., 26, Issue 41.

78 Kurian “Widening regional disparities in India: Some Indicators” EPW 2000-

JSTOR, Vol. 35, No 7, Feb 12-18 - 2000, pp 538 - 550

79 Kuznets, S. (1953), Economic Change, W.W. Norton, New York.

80 L. Fedorov 2002 “World Development, 2002 – Elsevier Volume 30, Issue 3, March

2002, pp 443 – 456

81 Larson, B.A. and

W.T. Wilford

(1979), ‘The Physical Quality of Life Index: A Useful Social Indicator?’,

World Development, Vol.7, No.6, pp.581-584.

82 Lisk, F. (1979), ‘Indicators of Basic Needs - Oriented Development Planning’,

Labour and Society, Vol. 4, No.3.

83 Liu, B.

(1978), ‘Variations in Social Quality of Life Indicators in Medium

Metropolitan Areas’ in American Journal of Economics and Sociology,

Vol. 37, No.3, pp.241-60.

84 Mahabub-Ul-Haq

“ Reflections on Human Development 1995 –Hand book of Human

Development concepts, measures and policies 2009 Edited by Sakiko

Fukuda-Parr A.K. Shivakumar UNDP-Oxford University press, New York

85 Majrit S, Mirta S, “Convergence in regional growth rates Indian Research Agenda” EPW

1996

86 Majumbar and

Kapoor,

“Behaviour of inter-state income inequalities in India” Twelth conference

of the Indian Association.

87

Martin Ravallion

and Garav Datt

(2002)

“Why has Economic Growth been more pro-poor in some states in India

than others? Journal of Development Economics 68, pp 381- 400

88 Mazumdar, V . (1994), Amniocentesus and Sex Selection, CWDS Occassional Paper

No. 21.

89 Mc Nay, Kirsty (1995), “Fertility and Frailty - Demographic Change and Health Status of

Indian Women”, Economic and Political Weekly, October 28.

290

90

McGranahan, D.V.,

C. Richard-Proust,

M.V. Sovani, and M.

Subramanian

(1972), Contents and Measurement of Socio-Economic Development,

Praeger, New York.

91 Mehta, Aasha

Kapur

(1996), “Recasting Indices for Developing Countries: A Gender

Empowerment Measure”, Economic and Political Weekly, October 26.

92 Mihir K.Mahapatra

and Rajesh Raj S.N

“ Human Development in India” Issues and Challenges” 2009 edited by

Himanshu Sekhar Prasanth kumar Rout Panda New Century publications

4800/24, Bharatram Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110002 (India)

93 Miller, Barbara D (1981), The Endangered Sex : Neglect of Female Children in Rural

North India, Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London.

94

Morris, D. Morris

and Michelle B.

McAlphin

(1982), Measuring the Condition of India’s Poor: The Physical Quality

of Life Index, Promilla and Co., New Delhi.

95 Morris, M.D. (1979), Measuring the Condition of the World’s Poor, Pergamon, New

York.

96 Moser, C. (1973), ‘Social Indicators - Systems, Methods and Problems’ The Review

of Income and Wealth, Vol.19, No.2, pp. 133-141.

97

Murthi, M., Anne

Catherine Guio and

Jean Dreze

(1995), “Mortality, Fertility and Gender Bias in India : A District Level

Analysis”, DEP No. 61, June, London School of Economics, London.

98 Muthulakshmi, R . (1997), Female Infanticide -Its Causes and Solutions, Discovery

Publishing

99 Nasir Ahmadkhan,

“Human Development in India – A Study of inter-state variations” Related

concepts: A Case Study of Tamil Nadu R Datt – 2003 - Books

Google.com.

100 Nayak, Pand

Thomas,,E.D

.(2007) “Human Development and Deprivation in Meghalaya” Akansha

Publishing House, New Delhi.

101 Nayar (1993), Universal Primary Education of Rural Girls in India, National

Council for Educational Research and Training, New Delhi.

102

Padmanabhan and

Kanakasabai

Nagarajan,

“Measures of Human Development” R Datt – 2003 - Books Google.com

page 305 – 317

103 Phillips, Anne (ed) (1987), Feminism and Equality, Basil Blackwell, U.K.

104 Piar Chand Ryhal

and Shashi Punam, 2009, the General of Family Welfare, Vol 55, No – I, June 2009.

105 Prof, L.Mukherjee, ‘History of India’ Optional Publishers, Mandal Brothers & Co Ltd,

Kolkotta, 1946.

106 Prof. S.

Kanakachary

“Regional Disparities in Andhra Pradesh: A spatial Study” 2010 A.P.

Economic Conference; S.V. University Tirupathi AP (India)

107 Purushotham Naik

“Status and Trends of Human Development in North East Region of

India” 2009 edited by Himanshu Sekhar Prasanth kumar Rout Panda New

Century publications 4800/24, Bharatram Road, Ansari Road, Daryagani,

291

New Delhi-110002 (India)

108

Rajan, S. Irudaya

and P.

Mohanachandran

(1998), “Infant and Child Mortality Estimates - Part I”, Economic and

Political Weekly, Vol. 33, No. 19, May 9-15.

109

Rajan, S.I., U.S.

Mishra and T.K.

Vimala

(1996), “Choosing a Permanent Contraceptive - Does Son Preference

Matter?”, Economic and Political Weekly, July 20.

110

Ramasundaram, S.,

T Rangarajan and

S.

Muthuramalingan

(1997), “The Role of Political Will and Official Commitment in Tamil

Nadu’s Fertility Decline”, Discussion Paper Series No. 24, UNDP, April.

111 Rao et al

“Measuring poverty and socio-economic deprivation inequalities in India

at sub national level”. K. Roy, S.K. Halder, Asia Pacific Social Science

Review, 2005 – 2006.

112

Rao, C. H. H. and

Hans Linnemann

(ed.)

(1996), Economic Reforms and Poverty Alleviation in India, Indo- Dutch

Studies on Development Alternatives –17, Sage, New Delhi.

113 Ravath, Martin (1997), “Good and Bad Growth”, Human Development Reports, World

Development 25 (5), pp 631 – 638.

114 Riskin,

“Limited linkages from growth engines and regional disparities in China”

1988, Journal of Comparative Economics Volume 32, Issue 1, March 2004

pp 148-164.

115 Rustagi, P. (1998), Ranking of Districts in terms of Indicators of Women’s Status,

Central Social

116

Sakiko Fukuda-

Parr, A.K.Shiva

kumr

2009, “Hand book of Human Development concepts, measures and

policies”: Oxford University press New York.

117 Sandhya, S

. (1986), “Socio-Cultural and Economic Correlates of Infant Mortality : A

Case Study of Andhra Pradesh”, Demography India, Vol. 15, No. 1, Jan.-

June, pp. 86-102.

118 SanjeevdKenchalgor

2009 “Recasting Human Development Indices: A look into the state of

Gender empowerment in Karnataka” edited by Himanshu Sekhar Prasanth

kumar Rout Panda New Century publications 4800/24, Bharatram Road,

Darya Ganj, New Delhi-110002 (India)

119 Sarkar (1996), “Growth Differential in Incomes of Major Indian States” The

Journal of Income and Wealth.

120 Schumacher, E.F. (1977), Small is Beautiful: A Study of Economics as if People Mattered,

Radhakrishna, Delhi.

121 Seers, D. (1969), “The Meaning of Development”, International Development

Review, 11(4), pp 2-6.

122 Seeta Prabhu, K. et.

al.,

(1996), “Gender-related Development Index for Indian States : A

Preliminary Exercise”, in Rao, Nitya et.al. (eds.), Sites of Change - The

Structural Context for Empowering Women in India, FES & UNDP, New

Delhi.

123 Seetharam,

Mukkavilli

(undated), “Gender Profile - GUJARAT”, Prepared by PRASNA Society

for Participatory Research and Consultancy), Hyderabad for Royal

292

Netherlands Embassy, New Delhi.

124

Seetharam,

Mukkavilli and P.

Suvarchala Rani

(undated), “Gender Profile - ANDHRA PRADESH”, Prepared by

PRASNA (Society for Participatory Research and Consultancy),

Hyderabad for Royal Netherlands Embassy, New Delhi.

125 Sen Amartya

(1989), “Development as Capability Expansion”, Journal of Development

Planning, Reprinted in Sakiko Fakuda Parr and A.K. Sivakumar (Eds)

Readings in Human Development Oxford University, New Delhi PP 3 –

16.

126 Sen Amartya (1989), “Development as Capability Expansion”, Readings in Human

Development, Oxford University, New Delhi PP 3 – 16.

127 Sen, A. (1987), The Standard of Living, Tanner Lectures, Clare Hall, Cambridge.

128 Sen, Amartya (1997); “Human Capital and Capabilities”

129 Shang –Jin Wei, 2000 “Regional Development in China states Globalization and inequality

rut lege London.

130 Sharma, B.D. (1990), Report of the Commissioner for Scheduled Castes and

Scheduled Tribes,

131

Sonalde B. Desai,

Amaresh Dubey,

Brijlal Joshi

2010, Abusalesh Shariff, Reeve Vanneman “Humlan Development in

India challengers for a society in Transition” by Oxford University Press

New York.

132 Srivastava, Ravi S.

and Vivek Nigam

(1997), “Distict Level Trends in Educational Access and Human

Development in Rural Uttar Pradesh”, Studies on HDI, UNDP Project,

April.

133 Streeten, Paul (1994), “Human Development Means and Ends”, American Economic

Review, 84 (2) PP 232 – 237.

134 Stromquist, Nelly. P.

(ed.)

(1998), Women in the Third World - An Encyclopedia of

Contemporary Issues, Garland Puhlishing, New York and London.

135 Sumanash Datta

2009 “Human Development and Economic Development: the case of

Assam” edited by Himanshu Sekhar Prasanth kumar Rout Panda New

Century publications 4800/24, Bharatram Road, Darya Ganj, New Delhi-

110002 (India)

136 Sunanda, K.S. (1995), Girl Child Born to Die in Killing Fields?, Alternative for India

Development, Madras.

137 Tinbergen, J. (1956), Economic Policy: Principles and Design, North Holland,

Amsterdam.

138 Tinker, I (ed)

(1990), Persistent Inequalities – Women and World Development, Oxford

University Press, New York. UN (1954), Report on International

Definition and Measurement of Standards and Levels of Living, United

Nations, New York.

139

United Nations

Development

Programme (1994),

“Human Development Report 1994”, Oxford University Press, New York.

293

140 Vanderpnye

ORGLE 2002, “Neoliberalism and the Urban Economy in Ghana: Urban

Employment, Inequality and Poverty” online: 17 Feb 2002 DOI:10,

1111/J.1468 -2257. 2011. 00578.

141 Vasanthi (undated), Born to Die - Female Infanticide in Usilampatti Taluk, Tamil

Nadu, Institute for Community Organisation Research, Madras.

142 Venkatachalam, R.

and Viji Srinivasan (1993), Female Infanticide, Har-Anand Publications, New Delhi.

143 Visaria, L.

(1985), “Infant Mortality in India, Level, Trends and Determinants”,

Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 20, Nos. 32,33,and 34, Aug. 10, 17

and 24, pp. 1352-1359, 1399-1405 and 1447-1450.

144 Visaria, Leela . (1993), “Regional Variations in Female Autonomy and Fertility and

Contraception in India”,

145 Visaria, Leela.

(1987), “Sex Differentials in Nutritional Status in a Rural Area of Gujarat

State : An Interim Report”, Working Paper No. 7, The Gujarat Institute of

Area Planning, Ahmedabad.

146 Viswanatham (1999) “Human Development Report for MP some hidden Truths ‘

Economic and political Weekly, 34 (22) PP-1314-15

147 Waldron, Ingrid (1976), “Why do Women Live Longer than Men?”, Social Science and

Medicine, vol. 10, p;p. 349-362.

148 Wei and Kim, 2002 “Widening Inter-Country inequality in Jiangsu. Province, China 1950

– 95” Journal of Development Studies Vol. 38 (6), 142 – 164.

149 Woolley, F.R. and J.

Marshall

(1994), “Measuring Inequality within the Household”, Review of Income

and Wealth, 40(4): pp 415-432.

150 Zaidi, N.A and

Slam, M.A.,

(1998) “Human Development in India an Inter-State Comparison” Indian

Journal of economics’ 78(371).

151

Ibid

152

PCI “National Human Development Report, 2011, Planning Commission

of India, Govt of India, Yojana Bhavan, Sansad Marg, New Delhi; 110001

153

(1961), International Definition and Measurement of Levels of Living:

An Interim Guide, United Nations, New York.

154

(1966), Modern Economic Growth: Rate, Structure and Spread, Yale

University Press, New Havenand London.

155

(1970), Contents and Measurement of Socio-Economic Development,

UNRISD, Geneva.

156

(1991), “Human Development Index – A Critique”, Economic and

Political Weekly, August 30.

157

‘Hand Books of Annual Volumes of the Districts of A.P’ districts planning

departments: A.P

158

‘Human Development Report – 2007, Andhra Pradesh’, Published by

Centre for Economic and Social Studies, Hyderabad May 2008.

294

159

“Philippines Human Development Report 1997” http://www.undp.org.ph/

160

1989 No 19- pp 41 – 58 in.

161

Ancient and Medieval India, R.S. Publishers Honse, 20 Mahatma Gandhi

Marg, Allahabad, 1979.

162

Andhra Desha Charithra’ ‘Bhugola Sarvaswam’ by Andhra Rachayitala

Sangham, Hyderabad, 1971.

163

Andhra Pradesh Human Development Report (2007) Centre for Economic

and Social Studies Hyd A.P

164

Census of India (1991), District Primary Census Abstract, digiticised

data from the office of the Registrar General of India, New Delhi.

165

Census of India, (1991), Primary Census Abstract, Office of the Registrar

General of India, New Delhi.

166

CESS “Human Development Report 2007 Andhra Pradesh” Government of

Andhra Pradesh Centre for Economic and Social Studies, Hyderabad.

167

CMIE (1993), Profiles of Districts, Centre for Monitoring Indian

Economy, Bombay, November.

168

CSWI (1975), Towards Equality, Report of the Committee on Status of

Women in India, Ministry of Education and Social Welfare, Government of

India, Delhi.

169

CWDS (1990), “The Indian State and Gender Justice”, The Administrator,

Vol. 35, No. 1, January-March.

170

Directorate of Economic and Statistics, Govt of A.P.

171

FAO (1949), Essential of Rural Welfare, FAO Agricultural Studies No.

27, Rome.

172

Fifty Years of Andhra Pradesh, 1956 – 2006, editated by R.S. Rao, V.

Hanumantha Rao and N. Venugopal ‘Centre for documentation Research

and Communication, Hyderabad, 2006

173

HDR 2010, UNDP, Oxford University Press, New York.

174

http:/hdr.UNDP.org/en/humandevelopment.

175

Human Development and Regional Disparities in Iran 1999: A Policy

model Journal of International Development Volume 14, Issue 7, pp 927 –

949.

176

Human Development dimensions and strategies” (2009) edited by

Himanshu Sekhar Prasanth kumar Rout Panda New Century publications

4800/24, Bharatram Road, ansari Road, Daryagani, New Delhi-110002

(India)

295

177

Human Development Report of India (1998)

178

Ibid

179

Ibid

180

IIPS (1995), National Family Health Survey (MCH and Family

Planning), India, 1992-93, International Institute for Population Sciences,

Bombay, August.

181

International Labour Office (1976), Employment, Growth and Basic

Needs, ILO, Geneva.

182

National Human Development Report 2001, Planning Commission of India

2001.

183

National Institute of Rural Development (NIRD) 1999, ‘India Rural

Development Report 1999, Regional Dispersions in Development and

poverty, Hyderabad.

184

NCRB (1991), Crime in India, National Crime Records Bureau,

Government of India, New Delhi.

185

NCRB (1995), Crime in India, National Crime Records Bureau,

Government of India, New Delhi.

186

NCSEW (1988), Shramshakti, Report of the National Commission for

Self-Employed Women, Government of India, Delhi.

187

Nepal Human Development Report 1998.

188

NHDR 2000, Planning Commission of India 2000

189

Oct 2011 http//undp.org.in/ reports publication/ Andhra pdf

190

OECD (1973), List of Social Concerns, OECD, Paris.

191

OECD (1976), Measuring Social Well-Being: A Progress Report on the

Development of Social Indicators,

192

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris.

Oldenburg, Philip (1992), “Sex Ratio, Son Preference and Violence in

India - A Research Note”, Economic and Political Weekly, December 5-

12.

193

Planning Commission (2002), National Human Development Report

(2001)

194

Sachs, Jaffery Bajpai and Ananthi Ramaiah 2002, “Regional disparity in

Economic and Human Development, www.mimts.org/./39.

296

195

Twentyninth Report, 1987-89, GOI, Delhi.

196

U N D P – India 2010, Planning Commission, Yojana Bhavan, New Delhi

– 110001.

197

UN (1963), 1963 Report on the World Social Situation, United Nation,

New York.

198

UN Secretariat (1988), “Sex Differentials in Survivorship in the

Developing World: Levels, Regional Patterns and Demographic

Determinants”, Population Bulletin of the UN, 25: pp.51-64.

199

UNDP “Hand book of Human Development Concepts, Measures and

Policies” Re-Produced from “Journal of Development Planning” Edited

by: Sakiko Fukuda-parr, A.K.Shivakumar, Oxford University press, New

York.

200

UNDP (1995), “Human Development Report 1995”, Oxford University

Press, New York.

201

UNDP (Various reports from 1990-1999), Human Development Report,

United Nations Development Programme, Oxford University Press, New

Delhi.

202

UNDP, Human Developement Report (2010) Oxford University Press New

York.

203

UNDP Human Development Report (HDR – 1997)

204

UNDP, “Annual Human Development Reports”

205

UNDP, Human Development Report 2011 and earlier issues.

206

UNESCO (1981), Women and Development: Indicators of their

Changing Role, UNESCO Socio-Economic Studies 3, Paris.

207

UNRISD (1968), Annual Report, UN Research Institute for Social

Development, Geneva.

208

VIIIth five year plan Government of India.

209

Working Paper No. 50, Gujarat Institute of Development Research,

Ahmedabad.

210

XIth five year plan Government of India.