Main finding from ILRI activities Clarisse UMUTONI PhD Student ILRI Africa RISING annual workshop.
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Transcript of Main finding from ILRI activities Clarisse UMUTONI PhD Student ILRI Africa RISING annual workshop.
Main finding from ILRI activities
Clarisse UMUTONIPhD Student
ILRI
Africa RISING annual workshop
Plan Introduction - Context
Main finding:
-Availability of NRs
-Local conventions
-Conflicts management over natural
resources uses
1. Introduction -Context
Projet Africa RISING in Mali
Improve food security
Integrated Systems Improvement
Managing natural resources to increase productivity in southern Mali
1. Introduction -Context
Utilization of natural resources naturelles
Agriculture Livestock
In West Africa, as in most sub-Saharan African countries,
natural resources form the basis for livelihoods of rural poor
Natural resource
degradation (quality
and quantity rapidly
decreasing)
Inadequate
management
Climate changeIncrease in
livestock population
Rapid increase in
human population
1. Introduction-Context
• Natural resource degradation
Reduction of feed resources for
animal
• Low animal productivity • Food
insecurity
1. Introduction – Context
ILRI
What to do to enhance and conserve NR
base ????
Empowering local institutions to
sustainably manage natural
resources
1. Introduction – Context
Better management of natural resources
Local institutions governing NRM include local
conventions.
“Local conventions” specifically refers to an
agreement, written or verbal, entered into by
stakeholders in order to regulate the
management of natural resources they use and
for which they are responsible.
1. Introduction – Context
2. Natural resources and local conventions
To document and analyze existing local
conventions governing the management of natural
resources in the mixed crop-livestock systems of
southern Mali.
What is the objective of study on local conventions?
To address the objective of this study on local
conventions, we looked at a number of research
questions: What is the status of NR in the study areas? Are there local conventions governing management
of natural resources in the study sites?
Questions addressed?
What are the elaboration and implementation
processes involved in the development of these
conventions and who are the key actors and
institutions involved?
Are these conventions implemented and what are
the challenges to their implementation? What are
their strengths and weaknesses?
Questions addressed?
Sites Koutiala : Namposséla, Sirakelé and Zanzoni Bougouni: Diéba, Sibilira and Yorobougoula Methodology : Survey Surveys included participatory diagnosis of the existing local conventions using : Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) : 80 farmers
involving 27 respondents from the administrative and technical services, and 53 from community and traditional authorities.
Methodology
Methodology : Survey
Individual interviews using a semi-structured
questionnaire. 165 farmers were interviewed in the
two districts comprising of 76 (52 men and 24
women) and 89 (59 men and 30 women) farmers in
Bougouni and Koutiala, respectively.
Methodology
Land availability and quality
Features of natural vegetation
Water availability, quality and accessibility for
human and animal consumption
Main results on availability of NR
Land availability and quality
Main results on availability of NR
0
1
2
3
4
5Bougouni Koutiala
Fig.1. Land Availability
Scor
e
0
1
2
3
4
5 Bougouni Koutiala
Fig.2. Land quality
Scor
e
On a scale of 0 to 5 (0= don’t know; 1 = not available; 2 = rarely available, 3 = moderately available; 4 = abundant; 5 = very abundant).
On a scale of 0 to 5 (0 = don’t know; 1 = very low, 2 = low, 3 = moderate, 4 = good, 5 = very good)
Features of natural vegetationTable 1. Features of natural vegetation in the study sites according to the respondents
Main results on availability of NR
Variable of natural resources Bougouni KoutialaAnnual/seasonal production 3.13±0.07a 2.91±0.10 a
Quality / palatability 3.14±0.09 a 3.08±0.12 a
Presence of invasive weeds 3.40±0.07 a 2.85±0.08b
Dominance of annual grasses 3.21±0.09 a 1.97±0.10 b
Dominance of perennial grasses 0.96±0.15 a 1.83±0.13 b
Dominance of annual legumes 3.14±0.07 a 2.43±0.11 b
Dominance of perennial legumes 2.54±0.13 a 2.26±0.14 a
Shrubs population 3.96±0.07 a 2.61±0.13 b
Incidence of controlled bushfires 1.50±0.14 a 0.87±0.09 b
Incidence of uncontrolled bushfires 3.58±0.14 a 0.75±0.06 b
a, b Means on the same row with different superscript letters are statistically different, P <0,05. Score: 0 = don’t know; 1 = very low; 2 = low; 3 = average; 4 = good; 5 = very good.
Water availability, quality and accessibility for human and animal consumption
Table2. Water availability, quality and accessibility for human and animal consumption
Main results on availability of NR
Availability Quality Accessibility
Source Bougouni Koutiala Bougouni Koutiala Bougouni Koutiala
Rainwater 2.37±0.10 a 2.04±0.07 b 2.87±0.13 a 2.80±0.18a 3.08 2.43
Standing pool 1.95±0.11 a 1.80±0.10 a 1.54±0.15 a 0.78±0.11 b 2.32 1.51
Well water 3.45±0.15 a 3.28±0.12 a 3.87±0.08 a 3.15±0.10 b 3.57 3.2
Pump water 2.64±0.24 a 3.98±0.17 b 2.12±0.28 a 3.76±0.19 b 1.13 2.27
Tap water 0.99±0.01 a 2.28±0.20 b - 4.25±0.26 0 3
For availability (0 = don’t know; 1 = non - available; 2 = seasonal and insufficient quantity, 3 = seasonal and sufficient quantity; 4 = available all year long, but insufficient quantity; 5 = available all year long and sufficient). For accessibility (0 = don’t know 1 = very difficult access, 2 = difficult access; 3 = fair access, 4 = easy access; 5 = very easy access). For quality (0 = don’t know 1 = very low, 2 = low, 3 = average, 4 = good, 5 = very good).
Existing local conventions on natural resources management in the study sites
Local conventions existed in all communities
studied.
Most of these local conventions existed in an
informal or oral form. Table 3.
Summary of the different types of existing local conventions on natural resources management in the study sites
Main results on local conventions
The level of knoweldge of local conventions
The level of knowledge of community members
differed from one individual to another; and from
one community to another depending on sex, age
and ethnic group.
The level of knowledge of local conventions was
higher in Bougouni (good) than in Koutiala
(average).
Main results on local conventions
The level of knoweldge of local conventions
Main results on local conventions
District Average Male Female
Bougouni 3.16±1.21 3.47±0.96 2.50±1.44
Koutiala 1.70±1.44 1.81±1.46 1.57±1.38
Table 4. Level of knowledge of local conventions by the respondents in Bougouni and Koutiala
Rating (0 = none, 1 = low, 2 = average, 3 = good, 4 = very good)
Level of participation in the elaboration and implementation processes of existing local conventions Low level of participation; More people were involved in the early
development process of local conventions Women’s participation in the elaboration and
implementation processes of existing local
conventions was generally low despite the fact that
women are major users of NR in the communities.
Main results on local conventions
Level of participation in the elaboration and Implementation processes of existing local conventions
Main results on local conventions
020406080
100None Low Average High Very high
Perc
enta
ge o
f nu
mbe
r in
ter-
view
ed
Fig.3.Level of participation of the respondents in the elaboration processes of the existing local conventions in Bougouni district
Level of participation in the elaboration and Implementation processes of existing local conventions
Main results on local conventions
020406080
100None Low Average High Very high
Perc
enta
ge o
f nu
mbe
r in
ter-
view
ed
Fig.4. Level of participation of the respondents in the elaboration processes of existing local conventions in Koutiala district
Level of participation in the elaboration and Implementation processes of existing local conventions
Main results on local conventions
Mobilization/Dissemination Enforcement of LC Monitoring and Evaluation Resource mobilization0
102030405060708090
100 None Low Average High Very high
Perc
enta
ge o
f the
tota
l re
spon
dent
s
Fig. 5. Level of participation by the community members in the implementation processes of local conventions in Bougouni
Level of participation in the elaboration and Implementation processes of existing local conventions
Main results on local conventions
Mobilization/Dissemina-tion
Enforcement of LC Monitoring and Evaluation Resource mobilization0
102030405060708090
100
Perc
enta
ge o
f the
tota
l re-
spon
dent
s
Fig.6. Level of participation by the community members in the implementation processes of local conventions in Koutiala
Level of participation in the elaboration processes of existing local conventions
The level of participation of women was significantly
lower than participation by men which suggest the
domination of the processes by men The results of regression analysis showed the level
of participation in elaboration and implementation
processes of local conventions is influenced by age,
year of residence in the community and gender.
Main results on local conventions
Main benefit of local conventions as reported by farmers
Better management of natural resources (NR) Reduction in conflict over NR Opportunities for generation of revenues Empowering local population to manage and
decide on the use of their NR Bring together the local population (Foster unit).
Main results on local conventions
Conflict over natural resource use is common in Sudano-Sahelian zone and could be attributed to many factors.
Conflict is best managed at the local level but this depends on the leadership skills and capacity of the local institutions
Training workshop
To build the capacity of local institutions in conflict management over natural resources
Conflict management over NR
Training workshop
The training addressed methods/tools for
participatory conflict analysis, conflict timeline,
mapping conflict over natural resource use, social
relations and communication, and 4Rs analysis
(Right, Responsibility, Response, and
Relationship) of conflict management
Conflict management over NR
Training workshop
The workshop lasted for 2 days in each district Animated by a national consultant familiar with
rural reality
Workshop training on conflict management over NR
Outcome of the training workshop
Capacity of local actors on appropriate methodology on NRM developed
Participants able to make a participatory conflict analysis
Capacity of key actors on preventive measure and conflict management developed
community key actors in Africa RISING intervention communities are now able to better manage conflict over NR.
Conflict management over NR
Thank You!
Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the next Generation
africa-rising.net