Main Concept: Immune systemHow do we get sick? Or get better?

We contract disease through:1. Direct contact 2. Airborne/inhalation3. Broken skin (cuts) 4. Ingestion 5. 5. Sexual intercourse6. Insects 7. Blood transfusions

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Pathogens are an organism or virus that causes disease

(ex. Viruses, Bacteria, Fungi)

Antigen: Foreign Material

Types of Infections

Bacterial• Many can only survive at

very specific temperatures• Are killed by antibiotics

Viral• Require living host to

reproduce• Viruses are not alive

How do we get better?

The immune response:White blood cells

Immune Response is like an Army

Many different types of white blood cells and other cells that fight off infection. These cells communicate between each other and call for backupwhen reinforcements are needed to fight battles.

Inflammation• White blood cells troops concentrated in one

area to fight infection is inflammation

DVD animation inflammationBody temp:http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/esp/2001_saladin/folder_structure/tr/m4/s6/index.htm

last one

Essential Vocab• Phagocyte-initial attack on antigen. “big eater” Sound the alarm • T cells-kill infected cells andactivate T cells, reproduce rapidly to fight the battle• B cells-Produce antibodies,remember intruders• Antibodies-attach to antigens and group them

together for the consumption by phagocytes

How do we get better?

Steps to Eliminating Disease• Phagocyte- “Big eaters” consumes pathogen,

sounds alarm, and activates T-Cells1st video http://www.teacherplanet.com/links/redirect.php?url=http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0070271348/student_view0/chapter39/elearning.html

• T-cells activated by phagocytes, reproduce quickly,kill infected cells and activate B-cells

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• B-cells: “memory cells” live a long time and remember all intruders so that they don’t need to be activated the next time the same intruder returns. This is the same as developing immunity. Also produces antibodies

• Antibodies: “sheep-herders” Y-shaped cells that can attach to many pathogens at each end so that they can easily be eaten by phagocytes. Send signals for others to help.

Videos clips/animations

• http://www.teacherplanet.com/links/redirect.php?url=http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0070271348/student_view0/chapter39/elearning.html

• 1st video 2nd row• 2nd video 2nd row• DVD animation-humoral• http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/sc

ience/ocr_gateway/ourselves/2_keeping_healthy3.shtml

Self vs non-self

• Your immune system will attack anything that is recognizes as non-self. This includes:

-pathogens, transplanted organs, the wrong type of blood for a transfusion, even in some cases a fetus.

How do we prevent ourselves from becoming sick?

• Stay healthy: your immune system is compromised if you do not sleep enough, drink enough water, and/or eat well (ex. College students)

-Vaccination-exposure to virus to build antibodies

http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/ocr_gateway/ourselves/2_keeping_healthy5.shtml

Bacterial/Viral resistance or evolution• Bacteria and viruses reproduce so quickly and at such high numbersthey can quickly evolve to be resistant to antibiotics and other drugs

Aids/HIV

• Compromised immune system• The virus attacks the T-cells which then attack

themselves resulting in a weaker immune system. People with AIDs can die from infections by microorganisms that are usually benign