Mahmut Ali GÖKÇEIndustrial Systems Engineering Lecture 2 System Identification ISE102 Spring 2007.

Mahmut Ali GÖKÇE Industrial Systems Engineering

Lecture 2 System Identification

ISE102 Spring 2007


Topics

• System Identification Process

• System Identification Exercise

• System Design Discussion – Waterfall – Spiral development

• Costing


Steps and Phases

Formulation

Analysis

Interpretation


What is a System?• Group of Components that work

together for a purpose– Service– Product– Process

• Attributes: discernable manifestations of the components

• Relationships are links between Components & Attributes


System Life-CycleOne-Phase

Formulation

Analysis

Interpretation

System Definition

Formulation

Analysis

Interpretation

System Development

Formulation

Analysis

Interpretation

System Deployment


What is a System Life Cycle

• System Planning and Marketing• Research Development Testing

and Evaluation • System Acquisition & Deployment

& Production


Formulation

Analysis

Interpretation

System Definition

Formulation

Analysis

Interpretation

System Development

Formulation

Analysis

Interpretation

System Deployment

Formulation

Analysis

Interpretation

System Definition

Formulation

Analysis

Interpretation

System Development

Formulation

Analysis

Interpretation

System Deployment

Formulation

Analysis

Interpretation

System Definition

Formulation

Analysis

Interpretation

System Development

Formulation

Analysis

Interpretation

System Deployment

Planning & Marketing

RDT&E

Acquisition & Production


The Many Systems Frameworks• Logically: 3 steps

– Define – Develop – Deploy

• Temporally: 3 Life-cycle Process– Planning & Marketing – Research, Development, Test & Evaluation– Acquisition & Production Life Cycle

• Perspectives: 3 Stages – Formulation of the Problem – Analysis of the Alternatives to its Solution – Interpretation of the Analyses and Selection of the Alternative(s)


Preliminary Design

• System Functional Analysis – Functions Identified

• Operational • Maintenance• Disposal/Retirement

• Synthesis & Allocation• Allocation of performance factors, design,

effectiveness requirements• Allocation of Support requirements


• System Optimization – Systems, subsystem tradeoffs and evaluation of

alternatives– System & Subsystem Analysis

• System Synthesis & Definition– Prelim Design Performance Configuration – Models, brass board, prototype development

and testing

Preliminary Design


Detailed Design

• Product Design – Prime components designed (Hdwr/Sfwr)– Maintenance & Logistical Support – Data Documentation – System Analysis and evaluation (including training footprint) – Design Review

• System Prototype Development • System prototype Test & Evaluation

– Design tests and test sequences – Identify data requirements – Identify analytic requirements


Waterfall Process for System D&D


Software Development Responsibilities


VV

User Requirements & System Specification

Operation & Maintenance & Retrofit

Detailed System Design

Customer Perspective– Purposeful Enterprise Architecture

Preliminary Conceptual Design

Integrate & Test

Functional Architecture Perspective

Verification & Test Modules

System Production

System Developer Perspective

System Production Perspective


Concurrent Engineering

• Simultaneous consideration of all elements/components in a system across the product lifecycle


Market Share Loss

Defect Losses

Test Time

Rea

l Val

=

(gai

n* p

r) -

(los

s*pr

)

Sum


Spiral Hypothesis Testing


Course Project

• Formulation of the System – Needs to be fulfilled– Requirements & Objectives– Constraints and Degrees of Freedom – Alternatives to above

• System Definition & Identification Process– What is your system?– What is its purpose?– What are its Components (structural operating & flow),

Attributes and Relationships?– What are the attributes that define its state?


Preliminary Design

• System Functional Analysis – Functions Identified

• Operational • Maintenance• Disposal/Retirement

• Synthesis & Allocation• Allocation of performance factors, design,

effectiveness requirements• Allocation of Support requirements


Process of Problem Identification & Definition

• Identify Source Documents:– What is said about the problem, product,

system

• Identify Originating Requirements from Source Documentation– What originating requirements– What Functional requirements


Ways to avoid being Wrong

• Scope & Bound the Problem – Identify the Needs, Objectives, and criteria

• Scope

– Identify the Parameters, Variables, and Constraints

• Bound


Nomenclature

• Parameters: the factors that define alternatives & determine its behavior

i.e. the things that can be altered

• Variables are the things that change once the parameter change is in place– State variables that can be measured to define

system state


System Definition Matrix

Needs Objt Criteria Params Var Constrnt

Scope Bound


Input/Output Matrix

Inputs Outputs

IntendedUnintnd UnintndIntended

ReqDef

Design

Production


Exercise for Identification


Steps/Perspectives for System Engineering (Formulation)

• Formulation of the System – Needs to be fulfilled– Requirements & Objectives– Constraints and Degrees of Freedom – Alternatives to above

• Value System Design – Identification of the objectives and goals that guide alternative

selection– Definition of multi-dimensional attributes or decision criteria– Identification and validation of objective measures

• System Synthesis– Generation of alternative course of action and associated measures

of effectiveness


Action Reference Framework

• To (do something) to (something) somehow

• Action , object, modifier – Used to describe a process

Functional Decomposition is to develop a description of what the system must do – not necessarily tied to how the system must do it.


Functional Flow Block Diagram

Action/Task

Action/Task

Action/Task

Action/Task

Action/Task

Boolean Operator

Action/Task


Hierarchic Structure for Decomposition

• Sub Functions operate on input/output consistent with the higher levels of the hierarchy

• Models the flow of data or objects in a system


Major Functional Techniques

• Structural Analysis Decision Technique (SADT)

• Integrated Definition Language (IDEF)– IDEF 0 functional decomposition– IDEF 1 informational decomposition

• Data Flow Diagrams/Control Diagrams


ICOM

Activity

Mechanism

Inputs

Control

Outputs


Method of Analysis

• Shows roles of information and materials with respect to activity

• Each ICOM represents an activity or business step that can be broken down

• Inputs: information/material used to produce activity output

• Controls: Constraints on an activity• Mechanisms: That perform processing or provide

energy to the activity (people or machines as mechanisms)

• Output: The product of the activity


Context Diagram

Activity

Mechanism

Inputs

Control

Outputs

A0 : Purpose : Viewpoint


Steps in Functional Decomposition

1. Develop Context Diagram of Full System2. Decompose System to Sub-elements (ICOMS

fro all) 3. Define Business Rule/Model

1. AS-Is the descriptive scenario2. To-Be the future business or process model

4. Analysis of activities, gather costs, trace costs to activities, establish output measures, analyze costs


Steps/Perspectives for System EngineeringAnalysis

• System Analysis & Modeling– Identification of the impacts and consequences

of alternative approaches to system solution– Identification of the quality, market, reliability,

cost, effectiveness, benefits, longevity, aesthetics… of alternative system solutions

• Iterative Refinement of Alternatives– Sensitivity Analysis and Parameter

Identification

Mahmut Ali GÖKÇEIndustrial Systems Engineering Lecture 2 System Identification ISE102 Spring 2007.

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