MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL...
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
Important Instruction to examiners
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as wordmodel answer scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by assess the understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more importance.(Not applicable for subject English and Communication Skills)
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principle components indicated in a figure. The figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numericavalues may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case some questions answer based on candidate u
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
Q.1 Attempt any Ten of the following
a) List any four sources of conventional energy.
Following are the conventional energy sources.
1. Water or Hydro
2. Fuel used as a high grade coal,
3. Fuel used as a natural oil and gas
4. Fuel used as a diesel
5. Atomic or Nuclear Energy
1. Thermal power plant
2. Nuclear power plant
3. Hydro power plant
4. Diesel power plant
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
to examiners:
The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to
The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the understanding level of the candidate. The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more
(Not applicable for subject English and Communication Skills)assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principle components indicated in a
figure. The figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent figure drawn. Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model
credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner candidate understands.
For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on
of the following
List any four sources of conventional energy.
conventional energy sources.
high grade coal,
oil and gas
Atomic or Nuclear Energy
OR
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 1 of 33
to-word as given in the
candidate may vary but the examiner may try to
The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more (Not applicable for subject English and Communication Skills)
assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principle components indicated in a figure. The figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give
l problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model
on part of examiner of relevant
For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on
20 Marks
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
b) List any two hydroelectrical power stations in Maharashtra with their installed capacity.
Hydro-electric power stations in Maharashtra:
consider while giving mark.
S.No Location
1 Koyana 2 Mulshi Dam 3 Jayakwadi 4 Chadholi(Warana5 Paithon/Ujjani 6 Bhira Tail Race 7 Veer 8 Bhatghar 9 Vaitarana Dam 10 Tillari 11 Eldary 12 Radhanagri 13 Paitan 14 Pawan 15 Panshet 16 Varasgoan 17 Kanher 18 Bhatsa 19 Dhom 20 Manikdoh 21 Yeoteshwar 22 Dimbhe 23 Surya 24 Surya R.B 25 Terwabnedhe 26 Dudhgaon 27 Bhandara 28 Pench project 29 Bhivapuri (TATA)30 Khopoli (TATA) 31 Bhira (TATA)
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
List any two hydroelectrical power stations in Maharashtra with their installed capacity.
electric power stations in Maharashtra:- Student may write different location may be
consider while giving mark. (Any two of the following expected
Location Capacity
1960MW 150MW 12 MW
na) 16MW 12 MW 80 MW 9 MW 16 MW 1.5 MW 60 MW
22.5 MW 4.8 MW 12 MW 10 MW 8 MW 8 MW 4 MW 15 MW 2 MW 6 MW
0.075 MW 5 MW 6 MW
0.75 MW 0.2 MW 24 MW 34 MW 53 MW
Bhivapuri (TATA) 72 MW 72 MW
150 MW
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 2 of 33
List any two hydroelectrical power stations in Maharashtra with their installed capacity.
Student may write different location may be
(Any two of the following expected -1 mark for each)
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
c) State the function of chimney and
1. Function of Chimney:
Flue gases (smoke) are produced during combustion process. These flue gases
produce air pollution, SO to reduce air pollution it should be passed in air as high as
possible with the help of Chimney.
2. Function of Super heater
Its function is to remove the moisture from the steam leaving the boiler and also to
increase its temperature above the saturation temperature.
For this purpose heat energy of exhausted flue gases from the furnace is utilized.
d) State the main components o
Main Components of Nuclear power Plant:
i) Nuclear Reactor
ii) Heat exchanger
iii) Coolant circulating System
iv) Condenser Plant
v) Steam value
vi) Steam Turbine
vii) Alternator
e) Give Classification of diesel engines.
Classification of Diesel Engines:
i) Two Stroke Diesel Engine
ii) Four Stroke Diesel Engine
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
State the function of chimney and superheater in thermal power station.
Function of Chimney: (Each Function 1 Mark)
Flue gases (smoke) are produced during combustion process. These flue gases
produce air pollution, SO to reduce air pollution it should be passed in air as high as
possible with the help of Chimney.
Super heater:
is to remove the moisture from the steam leaving the boiler and also to
increase its temperature above the saturation temperature.
For this purpose heat energy of exhausted flue gases from the furnace is utilized.
State the main components of Nuclear Power station.
(At least four component expected each component 1/2
Main Components of Nuclear power Plant:
Nuclear Reactor
Heat exchanger
Coolant circulating System
Condenser Plant
Give Classification of diesel engines.
Engines:
Two Stroke Diesel Engine
Four Stroke Diesel Engine
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 3 of 33
superheater in thermal power station.
(Each Function 1 Mark)
Flue gases (smoke) are produced during combustion process. These flue gases
produce air pollution, SO to reduce air pollution it should be passed in air as high as
is to remove the moisture from the steam leaving the boiler and also to
For this purpose heat energy of exhausted flue gases from the furnace is utilized.
four component expected each component 1/2 Mark)
(Each Type 1 Mark)
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
f) List the major locations of wind mills in Maharashtra.
Locations of Wind Mills in Maharashtra
1/2 Mark) Student may write different location may be consider while giving mark.
S.No
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
g) State two important drawbacks of hydroelectric power stations.
Drawbacks expected each drawbacks
Important drawbacks of hydroelectric Power Stations
1. High capital cost due to construction of dam.
2. It depends on nature as it require huge amount of water which is store during rainy
season.
3. Firm power (Out put) is totally depends on monsoon.
4. It takes long time for complete e
5. It requires large area (catchment) area for
6. As sites are away from load centre, so cost of transmission and losses in it are more.
7. There is limitation to select the site of HPP because of their requirements.
h) Why the power stations are connected with each other.
Because of following advantages power stations are connected with each other:
i) Reduced Overall installed
Inter connected power systems reduce the overall requirement of installed capacity.
With interconnection between power systems, peak demand in an area is meet by importing
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
List the major locations of wind mills in Maharashtra.
s in Maharashtra: - (At least four location expected each location
may write different location may be consider while giving mark.
Location
Gudepaachgani (Sangli) Panchgani (Satara) Chalkewad (Satara) Thosghav (Satara) Kotoli (Kolhapur)
Devgad or Deogad (Sindudurga) Vankusawade (Near koyna)
Vashpet (Sangli)
State two important drawbacks of hydroelectric power stations.
Drawbacks expected each drawbacks 1 Mark)
Important drawbacks of hydroelectric Power Stations:- (Expected any two
High capital cost due to construction of dam.
It depends on nature as it require huge amount of water which is store during rainy
Firm power (Out put) is totally depends on monsoon.
It takes long time for complete erecting of power plant.
It requires large area (catchment) area for storage of water.
As sites are away from load centre, so cost of transmission and losses in it are more.
There is limitation to select the site of HPP because of their requirements.
the power stations are connected with each other.
Because of following advantages power stations are connected with each other:
(At least four points expected each point 1/2
i) Reduced Overall installed Capacity:-
Inter connected power systems reduce the overall requirement of installed capacity.
With interconnection between power systems, peak demand in an area is meet by importing
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
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(2 Mark)
four location expected each location
may write different location may be consider while giving mark.
State two important drawbacks of hydroelectric power stations. (At least Two
(Expected any two 1 Marks each)
It depends on nature as it require huge amount of water which is store during rainy
As sites are away from load centre, so cost of transmission and losses in it are more.
There is limitation to select the site of HPP because of their requirements.
(2 Mark)
Because of following advantages power stations are connected with each other:
least four points expected each point 1/2 Mark)
Inter connected power systems reduce the overall requirement of installed capacity.
With interconnection between power systems, peak demand in an area is meet by importing
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
power from neighboring area. Thus, it also reduces investment and
demand.
ii) Better Utilization Hydro Power:
In combined power system, hydro power can be utilized in more effective way.
during rainy season, hydro power plant can be utilized, while during draught per
power plant can be used as base load plant.
iii) Reliability of Supply:
The reliability of steam power plants depends upon the coal supply and that of hydro
power plant depends upon the stream flow. due to greater diversi
of various types of power plant is more reliable than individual power plant.
iv) High unit size possible:
Generating units of higher unit capacity (200MW, 500MW etc) can be installed and
operated economically.
v) Improved quality of voltage and frequency:
Isolated power systems have higher frequency fluctuations with change in load. With
inter connections, the system becomes stronger & the effect of load is reduced.
vi) Exchange of peak loads:
If the load curve of power station shows a peak demand that is greater than the rated
capacity of the plant, then the excess load can be shared by other stations connected with it.
vii) Use of older Plants:-
The interconnected system makes it possible to use older and less efficient plants to
carry peak loads of short durations. Although such plants may be inadequate when used
alone, yet they have sufficient capacity to carry short peaks up load
with other modern plants.
viii) Insure Economical operation:
The interconnected system makes the operation of concerned power station quite
economical. It is because sharing of loads among the stations is arr
more efficient plants work for peak load hours only.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
from neighboring area. Thus, it also reduces investment and
ii) Better Utilization Hydro Power: -
In combined power system, hydro power can be utilized in more effective way.
season, hydro power plant can be utilized, while during draught per
can be used as base load plant.
Reliability of Supply: -
The reliability of steam power plants depends upon the coal supply and that of hydro
power plant depends upon the stream flow. due to greater diversity, a combined operation
of various types of power plant is more reliable than individual power plant.
iv) High unit size possible:-
Generating units of higher unit capacity (200MW, 500MW etc) can be installed and
ly.
Improved quality of voltage and frequency:-
Isolated power systems have higher frequency fluctuations with change in load. With
connections, the system becomes stronger & the effect of load is reduced.
ak loads:-
If the load curve of power station shows a peak demand that is greater than the rated
plant, then the excess load can be shared by other stations connected with it.
-
The interconnected system makes it possible to use older and less efficient plants to
carry peak loads of short durations. Although such plants may be inadequate when used
have sufficient capacity to carry short peaks up load
with other modern plants.
Insure Economical operation:-
The interconnected system makes the operation of concerned power station quite
economical. It is because sharing of loads among the stations is arranged in such a way that
more efficient plants work for peak load hours only.
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 5 of 33
from neighboring area. Thus, it also reduces investment and fulfills the peak
In combined power system, hydro power can be utilized in more effective way.
season, hydro power plant can be utilized, while during draught periods, steam
The reliability of steam power plants depends upon the coal supply and that of hydro
ty, a combined operation
of various types of power plant is more reliable than individual power plant.
Generating units of higher unit capacity (200MW, 500MW etc) can be installed and
Isolated power systems have higher frequency fluctuations with change in load. With
connections, the system becomes stronger & the effect of load is reduced.
If the load curve of power station shows a peak demand that is greater than the rated
plant, then the excess load can be shared by other stations connected with it.
The interconnected system makes it possible to use older and less efficient plants to
carry peak loads of short durations. Although such plants may be inadequate when used
have sufficient capacity to carry short peaks up load when inter-connected
The interconnected system makes the operation of concerned power station quite
anged in such a way that
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
ix) Increases Diversity factor:
The maximum demand on the system is reduced because load curves of different
inter-connected stations are differe
thereby increasing the effective capacity of the system.
x) Increases load factor:-
The load factor and efficiency of operation are improved.
xi) Reduces Plant Reserve
Every power station is required to have a standby unit for emergencies. However
when several power stations are connected in parallel, the reserve capacity of the system is
mush reduced. This increases efficiency of the sys
xii) Better utilization of natural resources:
Due to interconnection, there is optimum utilization of available natural resources
in the country is possible.
i) Define load factor. What is maximum value of load factor?
Load Factor:
The ratio average demand to the maximum demand during a given period is known as
load factor.
Maximum
FactorLoad =
FactorLoadYearly
Maximum value of load factor:
Maximum value of load factor is
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Increases Diversity factor:-
The maximum demand on the system is reduced because load curves of different
connected stations are different. So, diversity factor of the system is improved,
thereby increasing the effective capacity of the system.
-
The load factor and efficiency of operation are improved.
Reduces Plant Reserve capacity:-
Every power station is required to have a standby unit for emergencies. However
several power stations are connected in parallel, the reserve capacity of the system is
mush reduced. This increases efficiency of the system.
Better utilization of natural resources:
Due to interconnection, there is optimum utilization of available natural resources
in the country is possible.
Define load factor. What is maximum value of load factor? (Each Definition 1 Mark)
The ratio average demand to the maximum demand during a given period is known as
demandMaximum
demandAverage OR
(1
)(.
yearinHoursdemandMaximum
oneingeneratedKWHunitsofNoFactor
×=
Maximum value of load factor:
Maximum value of load factor is one.
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 6 of 33
The maximum demand on the system is reduced because load curves of different
nt. So, diversity factor of the system is improved,
Every power station is required to have a standby unit for emergencies. However
several power stations are connected in parallel, the reserve capacity of the system is
Due to interconnection, there is optimum utilization of available natural resources
(Each Definition 1 Mark)
The ratio average demand to the maximum demand during a given period is known as
)8760( hr
yearone
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
j) State the materials used for control rods in nuclear reactor. Mention the function of
control rod.
Material used for control rod should have
i) Boron
ii) Cadmium
iii) Hafnium
Function of Control Rod:
Fuction of contrl rod is to be regulate fission process by absorbing the
The control rod is inserted into the reactor core from top of the reactor vessel.
The function of control rod is to control the chain reaction in reactor core by
adjusting its height.
k) Define the overall efficiency of thermal
Overall Efficiency of Thermal power Station:
(Note: Student may write
Overall efficiency
Where, H= Heat equivalent per KWH
W = Amount o
Cv = Calorific value
l) What is the difference between cold reserve and hot reserve in connection with
generating station?
S.No Cold Reserve
1 It is standby generating capacity
which is available for service but
not in operation
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
State the materials used for control rods in nuclear reactor. Mention the function of
(Material used for control rod- 1 Mark & Function
Material used for control rod should have neutron absorbing properties:
Function of Control Rod:
Fuction of contrl rod is to be regulate fission process by absorbing the
The control rod is inserted into the reactor core from top of the reactor vessel.
The function of control rod is to control the chain reaction in reactor core by
Define the overall efficiency of thermal power station.
Overall Efficiency of Thermal power Station:-
(Note: Student may write definition in different way also)
verall efficiency VCW
H
.×=η
= Heat equivalent per KWH
of coal consumed per KWh
= Calorific value of fuel
What is the difference between cold reserve and hot reserve in connection with
(2 Mark)
Cold Reserve Hot ReserveIt is standby generating capacity
which is available for service but
not in operation
It is reserved generating
capacity, in operation but not
in service
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 7 of 33
State the materials used for control rods in nuclear reactor. Mention the function of
1 Mark & Function -1 Mark)
absorbing properties:
Fuction of contrl rod is to be regulate fission process by absorbing the neutron.
The control rod is inserted into the reactor core from top of the reactor vessel. OR
The function of control rod is to control the chain reaction in reactor core by
(2 Mark)
different way also)
What is the difference between cold reserve and hot reserve in connection with
Mark)
Hot Reserve It is reserved generating
capacity, in operation but not
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
m) What is meant by lake tapping? State the name of power station with which it i
connected in Maharashtra State.
Lake Tapping:-
Lake tapping is a method of blasting an intake into a body of water from below
the natural water surface without first lowering that surface or installing a protective
cofferdam around the tap hole. Lake taps are done by first excavating a tunnel almost to the
water/rock contact and then blasting out the final protective rock plug at one time to allow
water to suddenly inflow into the tunnel from the lake. This procedure can be done "dr
"wet." In the dry method the tunnel is empty of water before the final plug blast while in
the wet method it is partially filled with water
Lake tapping is a method of blasting an intake into a body of water from
below the natural water surface without first lowering that surface or installing a protective
cofferdam around the tap hole. Lake taps are done by first excavating a tunnel almost to the
water/rock contact and then blasting out the final protective rock plug at one t
water to suddenly inflow into the tunnel from the lake
The name of power station with which it
Koyna Hydro power plant
Q.2 Attempt any Four of the following
a) Draw a typical layout of a thermal power plant and label it.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
What is meant by lake tapping? State the name of power station with which it i
connected in Maharashtra State. (Lake Tapping-1 Mark & Name of P.P
Lake tapping is a method of blasting an intake into a body of water from below
the natural water surface without first lowering that surface or installing a protective
the tap hole. Lake taps are done by first excavating a tunnel almost to the
water/rock contact and then blasting out the final protective rock plug at one time to allow
water to suddenly inflow into the tunnel from the lake. This procedure can be done "dr
"wet." In the dry method the tunnel is empty of water before the final plug blast while in
the wet method it is partially filled with water. OR
Lake tapping is a method of blasting an intake into a body of water from
tural water surface without first lowering that surface or installing a protective
cofferdam around the tap hole. Lake taps are done by first excavating a tunnel almost to the
water/rock contact and then blasting out the final protective rock plug at one t
water to suddenly inflow into the tunnel from the lake
he name of power station with which it is connected in Maharashtra State:
Koyna Hydro power plant (Satara)
of the following
Draw a typical layout of a thermal power plant and label it.
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 8 of 33
What is meant by lake tapping? State the name of power station with which it is
1 Mark & Name of P.P- 1 Mark)
Lake tapping is a method of blasting an intake into a body of water from below
the natural water surface without first lowering that surface or installing a protective
the tap hole. Lake taps are done by first excavating a tunnel almost to the
water/rock contact and then blasting out the final protective rock plug at one time to allow
water to suddenly inflow into the tunnel from the lake. This procedure can be done "dry" or
"wet." In the dry method the tunnel is empty of water before the final plug blast while in
Lake tapping is a method of blasting an intake into a body of water from
tural water surface without first lowering that surface or installing a protective
cofferdam around the tap hole. Lake taps are done by first excavating a tunnel almost to the
water/rock contact and then blasting out the final protective rock plug at one time to allow
is connected in Maharashtra State:
16 Marks
(4 Mark)
or equivalent figure
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
b) State the factors affecting the site
brief.
Following points are considred while selecting site for thermal power sta
i) Distance from coal mines :
The power plant should be near the coal mine ,so that cost of fuel transportation
reduces.
ii) Availability of Water :
Sufficient quantity of water should be available because water is as good as
secondary fuel which is required for
So,plant should be located near river,
iii) Space availability :-
The power plant should have sufficient large space available for coal storage &
ash disposal.
iv) Load Centre :-
Plant should be located near load centre to reduce t
line losses.
v) Easy acces :-
The site should have easy acces for transportation
vi) Condition of soil:-
The land should be rock
and machianry.
vii) Distance from populated area:
It should be located at a resionable distance away from the populated area.Because
smoke & other hazards gases are produced
pollution.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
State the factors affecting the site selection of thermal power station. Discuss these in
( Any four point expected
Following points are considred while selecting site for thermal power sta
Distance from coal mines :-
The power plant should be near the coal mine ,so that cost of fuel transportation
Availability of Water : -
Sufficient quantity of water should be available because water is as good as
fuel which is required for producing steam and for condensing plant.
o,plant should be located near river, water resevaior as far as possible.
The power plant should have sufficient large space available for coal storage &
Plant should be located near load centre to reduce transmission co
The site should have easy acces for transportation of machanery, man power, etc
The land should be rocky (Hard murrum) for the better foundation of building
Distance from populated area:-
It should be located at a resionable distance away from the populated area.Because
smoke & other hazards gases are produced due to combusion of the coal which
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 9 of 33
selection of thermal power station. Discuss these in
Any four point expected-1 Mark each point)
Following points are considred while selecting site for thermal power station :-
The power plant should be near the coal mine ,so that cost of fuel transportation
Sufficient quantity of water should be available because water is as good as
condensing plant.
r as possible.
The power plant should have sufficient large space available for coal storage &
ransmission cost & transmission
of machanery, man power, etc
(Hard murrum) for the better foundation of building
It should be located at a resionable distance away from the populated area.Because
due to combusion of the coal which causes air
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
c) What is meant by quality of fuel in connection with thermal power station? State its effect
on quality of power generation.
(Note: Student may write
Quality of Fuel:
Quality of fuel means its calorific value that is how much heat energy is produced
from a given quantity of fuel.
Effect on quality of power generation
but,
� The use of coal with high ash content increases the plant size and transportation cost and
reduces the thermal efficiency.
� Fuel consumption increases.
� Steaming time increases.
� Efficiency of Furnace decreases.
d) Draw neat constructional diagram of Nuclear reactor. Label it. State working of it
briefly.
Working :
It is an appratus in which heat energy is produced due to nuclear fission chain
reaction. The energy libreted in the chain reaction is according to Einstein’s law and is given
by 2mcE = and it consists of following parts.
heat exchanger.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
What is meant by quality of fuel in connection with thermal power station? State its effect
on quality of power generation. (Difination- 2 Marks & Effect
(Note: Student may write answer in different way also)
Quality of fuel means its calorific value that is how much heat energy is produced
from a given quantity of fuel.
Effect on quality of power generation: - There is no effect on quality of power generation
The use of coal with high ash content increases the plant size and transportation cost and
reduces the thermal efficiency.
Fuel consumption increases.
Steaming time increases.
Furnace decreases.
Draw neat constructional diagram of Nuclear reactor. Label it. State working of it
(Digaram-2 Marks & Working
OR
It is an appratus in which heat energy is produced due to nuclear fission chain
reaction. The energy libreted in the chain reaction is according to Einstein’s law and is given
consists of following parts. This heat energy is utilise for producing steam in
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 10 of 33
What is meant by quality of fuel in connection with thermal power station? State its effect
2 Marks & Effect – 2 Mark)
different way also)
Quality of fuel means its calorific value that is how much heat energy is produced
no effect on quality of power generation
The use of coal with high ash content increases the plant size and transportation cost and
Draw neat constructional diagram of Nuclear reactor. Label it. State working of it
2 Marks & Working – 2 Mark)
or equivalent figure
It is an appratus in which heat energy is produced due to nuclear fission chain
reaction. The energy libreted in the chain reaction is according to Einstein’s law and is given
This heat energy is utilise for producing steam in
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
e) Define the terms nuclear fission and chain reaction as referred to nuclear power station.
Nuclear Fission:
Energy is released without using oxygen for combustion in process is known as
nuclear Fission.
Chain Reaction: (Note: Student may write
When nuclear fuel U235
under goes nuclear reaction at that time ;
� Huge amount of heat energy is liberated and
� Two or three neutron are produced
� γβα ,&,
� Beryllium & krypton are also produced.
Due to two or three neutron chain reaction is continuous till most of the original nuclei in
the given sample are fissioned is called as chain reaction.
f) State 3 Limitations of nuclear power st
Maharashtra with its installed capacity.
Limitations of nuclear power station:
i) The capital cost NPP is very high as compared to other same capacity.
ii) Fuel used is very expensive & is very difficult to recover.iii) The erecting and commissioning of plant requires greater technical knowledge.iv) It causes radioactive air pollution.v) Maintenance charges arevi) High salaries of special trained personnel employed to handle the plant.vii) Nuclear waste disposal cost is high and is a big problem.viii) The cooling water requirements of NPP are very heavy.ix) Cooling towers required for NPP are x) This plant is not suitable for variable load.
Name the nuclear power station in Maharashtra with its installed capacity:
i) Tarapur: Capacity: 420 MW
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Define the terms nuclear fission and chain reaction as referred to nuclear power station.
(Each Difination
Energy is released without using oxygen for combustion in process is known as
(Note: Student may write answer in different way also)
235 or Pu239 when strikes by a slow neutron in nuclear reactor than it
under goes nuclear reaction at that time ;
Huge amount of heat energy is liberated and
Two or three neutron are produced
γ rays are produced
Beryllium & krypton are also produced.
Due to two or three neutron chain reaction is continuous till most of the original nuclei in
oned is called as chain reaction.
State 3 Limitations of nuclear power station. Name the nuclear power station in
Maharashtra with its installed capacity.(Limitation -3 Marks & Name of N.P.P
power station: (Any three Expected)
NPP is very high as compared to other conventional power plant of
Fuel used is very expensive & is very difficult to recover. The erecting and commissioning of plant requires greater technical knowledge.It causes radioactive air pollution.
charges are high because it requires high skill technician.High salaries of special trained personnel employed to handle the plant.Nuclear waste disposal cost is high and is a big problem. The cooling water requirements of NPP are very heavy. Cooling towers required for NPP are larger & costlier than TPP.This plant is not suitable for variable load.
Name the nuclear power station in Maharashtra with its installed capacity:
Capacity: 420 MW
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 11 of 33
Define the terms nuclear fission and chain reaction as referred to nuclear power station.
Each Difination-2 Marks)
Energy is released without using oxygen for combustion in process is known as
different way also)
when strikes by a slow neutron in nuclear reactor than it
Due to two or three neutron chain reaction is continuous till most of the original nuclei in
ation. Name the nuclear power station in
Marks & Name of N.P.P – 1 Mark)
conventional power plant of
The erecting and commissioning of plant requires greater technical knowledge.
requires high skill technician. High salaries of special trained personnel employed to handle the plant.
larger & costlier than TPP.
Name the nuclear power station in Maharashtra with its installed capacity:
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
Q.3 Attempt any Four of the following
a) Classify hydroelectric power stations on basis of : i) Head water ii) Quantity of water
available
Hydro power plants are
i) Head of Water :
i) Low head power plant (Below 30m)
ii) Medium head power plant (30 to 300 m)
iii) High head power plant (above 300m)
ii) Quantity of water available :
i) Run-off River power plant without poundage
ii) Run-off river power plant with poundage
iii) Large reservoir power plant
b) Draw neat layout of hydro
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
of the following
Classify hydroelectric power stations on basis of : i) Head water ii) Quantity of water
(Each Classification
classified as below:
i) Low head power plant (Below 30m)
ii) Medium head power plant (30 to 300 m)
iii) High head power plant (above 300m)
available :-
off River power plant without poundage
off river power plant with poundage
iii) Large reservoir power plant
Draw neat layout of hydro-electric power station. Label it. Explain the operation briefly.
(Diagram- 2 Mark & Operation
or equivalent figure
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 12 of 33
16 Marks
Classify hydroelectric power stations on basis of : i) Head water ii) Quantity of water
Classification – 2 Mark each)
Label it. Explain the operation briefly.
2 Mark & Operation -2Mark )
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
Operation of Hydro- Electric Power Plant:
Water stored at high level by constructing dam across river. This stored w
potential energy. This stored water is passed to run the water turbine which is located at
lower level through penstock.
Thus potential energy of water is converted into kinetic energy in penstock and
turbine converts kinetic energy
turbine which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
c) What are pumped storage plants? Draw a neat labelled sketch of pumped storage plant.
State its operation and application.
Application – 1 Mark)
Pumped storage hydroelectric power
� It consists of head water pond
� Tail water pond and head water
� Such plants can be operated only in
plants (such as TPP & NPP
� During peak hours the turbine drives the generator and generates elect
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Electric Power Plant:
(Note: Student may write operation in
Water stored at high level by constructing dam across river. This stored w
potential energy. This stored water is passed to run the water turbine which is located at
lower level through penstock.
Thus potential energy of water is converted into kinetic energy in penstock and
turbine converts kinetic energy into mechanical energy and Alternator is coupled to water
turbine which converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
What are pumped storage plants? Draw a neat labelled sketch of pumped storage plant.
State its operation and application. (Digaram-2 Marks, Operation
umped storage hydroelectric power plant & Operation:-
head water pond (reservoir) and tail water pond by constructing a
Tail water pond and head water pond connected through penstock.
Such plants can be operated only in interconnected system, where other generating
TPP & NPP) are available during their off load period.
During peak hours the turbine drives the generator and generates elect
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 13 of 33
(Note: Student may write operation in different way also)
Water stored at high level by constructing dam across river. This stored water has
potential energy. This stored water is passed to run the water turbine which is located at
Thus potential energy of water is converted into kinetic energy in penstock and
into mechanical energy and Alternator is coupled to water
What are pumped storage plants? Draw a neat labelled sketch of pumped storage plant.
peration-1 Mark &
or equivalent figure
by constructing a dam.
pond connected through penstock.
, where other generating
) are available during their off load period.
During peak hours the turbine drives the generator and generates electrical energy.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
� During OFF peak hours the
which now works as
� Raising the water from tail water pond to head water pond through penstock.
� In this case, Francis turbine is used
Applications of Pumped storage plants:
i) To supply peak load.
d) Draw the labelled block diagram of diesel power plant.
e) State the meaning of operation, maintenance
main troubles of diesel power plant and their shooting.
(Operation-1/2
Operation:
� The condition of operation
of water & oil etc is maintained at regular intervals.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
peak hours the generator operates as a motor. And drives the
which now works as centrifugal pump.
Raising the water from tail water pond to head water pond through penstock.
In this case, Francis turbine is used
Applications of Pumped storage plants:
load.
Draw the labelled block diagram of diesel power plant. ( Diagram –
or equivalent figure
State the meaning of operation, maintenance and trouble of diesel power plant. Give
main troubles of diesel power plant and their shooting.
1/2 Mark, Maintenance -1.5 Marks & Trouble shooting
condition of operation oil pressure, water pressure, inlet and outlet
water & oil etc is maintained at regular intervals.
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 14 of 33
. And drives the turbine
Raising the water from tail water pond to head water pond through penstock.
– 4 Mark)
and trouble of diesel power plant. Give
Marks & Trouble shooting – 2 Mark)
oil pressure, water pressure, inlet and outlet temperatures
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
� Correct record of instrument reading ammeter, voltmeter,
meter should be taken at regular int
� A separate log sheet is used for keeping record.
Diesel power station maintenance include:
1. Cleaning of fuel oil from dirt and impurities by means of filters.
2. Occasionally all fuel is drained and fuel tank are cleaned thoroughly.
3. Air filter should be cleaned thoroughly.
4. The temperature and quantity of coolant should be checked.
5. Lubrication & engine oil also should be checked.
6. Temperatures of Exhaust gases are
Maintenance schedule for Diesel Power plant: (Note: At least four points should be
S.No Maintenance 1 Check Coolant Heater 2 Check Coolant Level 3 Check oil level 4 Check fuel level 5 Check charge air piping 6 Clean air cleaner 7 Check battery charger 8 Check drain water from fuel tank9 Check coolant concentration10 Check drive belt tension11 Check starting compressor12 Change oil & oil filter 13 Change coolant & coolant filter14 Change crank case breather15 Change air cleaner 16 Check radiator hoses 17 Change fuel filter 18 Clean cooling system
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Correct record of instrument reading ammeter, voltmeter, and wattmeter
meter should be taken at regular intervals.
A separate log sheet is used for keeping record.
Diesel power station maintenance include:-
Cleaning of fuel oil from dirt and impurities by means of filters.
Occasionally all fuel is drained and fuel tank are cleaned thoroughly.
should be cleaned thoroughly.
The temperature and quantity of coolant should be checked.
Lubrication & engine oil also should be checked.
Temperatures of Exhaust gases are also checked.
OR
Maintenance schedule for Diesel Power plant: (Note: At least four points should be covered)
Daily Weekly Monthly � � � �
� � �
Check drain water from fuel tank � Check coolant concentration � Check drive belt tension �
starting compressor � �
Change coolant & coolant filter Change crank case breather
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 15 of 33
and wattmeter and energy
Cleaning of fuel oil from dirt and impurities by means of filters.
Occasionally all fuel is drained and fuel tank are cleaned thoroughly.
covered)
Six month Yearly
� � �
� �
�
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
Trouble Shooting for Diesel Power
S.No Trouble (Complaint, problems) causes
1 Poor Fuel Quality
2 Air in fuel
3 No fuel to cylinder 4 Instticient fuel supply
5 Fuel Leaks at injection lines
6 Some or all injectors bad
7 Air intake restricted
8 Low compression
9 Incorrect engine timing
10 Incorrect starting procedure
11 Low cranking speed
12 Internal engine problem
f) State two applications of diesel power plant. How the operation of diesel power plant can
be automatic.
Applications of Diesel Power Plant:
i) It can be used as a standby (emergency) power plant to maintain continuity of supply.
ii) It is suitable where
iii) It is widely used in transportation system. E.g. Elect. Traction, Ship, Aero plane etc.
iv) It is suitable as a peak load power plant for short duration.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Trouble Shooting for Diesel Power Plant: (Note: At least four points should be covered)
Will Not start
Hard to start
Start stalls
Run rough
Lack of power
Black smoke
� � � � �
� �
� � � � �
�
� � � �
� �
� �
� � �
� �
� �
� � � �
State two applications of diesel power plant. How the operation of diesel power plant can
(Application -3 Marks & Automatic operation
Applications of Diesel Power Plant: (Any two points expected)
as a standby (emergency) power plant to maintain continuity of supply.
It is suitable where power requirement is small.
It is widely used in transportation system. E.g. Elect. Traction, Ship, Aero plane etc.
It is suitable as a peak load power plant for short duration.
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 16 of 33
(Note: At least four points should be covered)
Black smoke
While Smoke
Shooting
Change the fuel
Remove the air
Fill the fuel � Clean the
fuel supply injectors
Remove the leakage
� Replace by new
� Clean the air filter
� Check & correct
� Adjust the timing
Use correct starting procedure
Check & correct
� Check & correct
State two applications of diesel power plant. How the operation of diesel power plant can
Automatic operation – 1 Mark)
as a standby (emergency) power plant to maintain continuity of supply.
It is widely used in transportation system. E.g. Elect. Traction, Ship, Aero plane etc.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
v) Mobile DEPP mounted on vehicle
temporary purpose.
vi) It is used in remote places where supply from grid is not possible.
vii) It is very economical to supply power to small scale industry which works for seasonal
period.
viii) The use of such plant is very common during construction stage of HPP/TPP/NPP a
other construction.
Operation of diesel power plant can be made automatically:
When in coming supply to load fails due to any reason then generator will
automatically starts after three minutes
called as Auto Mains Failure (AMF)
will automatically stop after three minutes
Q.4 Attempt any Four of the following
a) “The non- conventional sources were known to man since early days, still they were not
developed” comment and give reasons.
The non- conventional sources were known to man since early days,
developed because of following reason:
i) Initial cost per MW is high
ii) No firm generating capacity.
iii) Its efficiency is low.
iv) There is limitation on site selection in some cases.
v) Generating capacity is less.
vi) There is no guaranty that power is generated during peak hours or whenever needed.
vii) Power generation is no
viii) Cost per unit is high
ix) It is not reliable.
x) Life is less.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Mobile DEPP mounted on vehicle is used in emergency requirement and for
rary purpose.
It is used in remote places where supply from grid is not possible.
It is very economical to supply power to small scale industry which works for seasonal
The use of such plant is very common during construction stage of HPP/TPP/NPP a
other construction.
Operation of diesel power plant can be made automatically:
When in coming supply to load fails due to any reason then generator will
automatically starts after three minutes or preset time for this purpose a separate panel
Auto Mains Failure (AMF) is necessary also when supply restored generator
will automatically stop after three minutes or preset time.
of the following
conventional sources were known to man since early days, still they were not
developed” comment and give reasons.
conventional sources were known to man since early days,
developed because of following reason: (Any Four reasons expected 1 Mark each
per MW is high.
No firm generating capacity.
Its efficiency is low.
There is limitation on site selection in some cases.
Generating capacity is less.
There is no guaranty that power is generated during peak hours or whenever needed.
Power generation is not phase with demand.
Cost per unit is high in some power plant.
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 17 of 33
used in emergency requirement and for
It is used in remote places where supply from grid is not possible.
It is very economical to supply power to small scale industry which works for seasonal
The use of such plant is very common during construction stage of HPP/TPP/NPP and
When in coming supply to load fails due to any reason then generator will
for this purpose a separate panel
is necessary also when supply restored generator
16 Marks
conventional sources were known to man since early days, still they were not
conventional sources were known to man since early days, still they were not
1 Mark each)
There is no guaranty that power is generated during peak hours or whenever needed.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
b) What is mean solar cell? State working of solar cell with neat sketch.
Solar Cell:
Which converts solar energy (heat energy) directly into electrical energy (DC) is
called as solar cell. OR
Silicon solar cell consists of a thin slice of single crystal P
upto 2 cm2 into which a very thin (0.5 micron) layer of N
Working:-
Solar cell operates on principle of Photo
generating an emf (DC) when it absorbs sun
Solar cell works in following steps.
1. Photons in sunlight hit the solar panel and absorbed by semiconducting material
(such as silicon)
2. Electrons (negatively charged) are knocked loose from their atom causing an
electric potential difference.
3. Thus converts solar energy into electrical energy without any waste products.
Working:-
Photovoltaic cell is small semi conductor device which has light sensitive P
junction. It made up semi
Type layer is thick while the N
type semiconductor is obtained. When sunlight strikes the N
waves of light energy penetrate up to the P
energy are absorbed in semi conductor, and sunlight energy is greater than energy gap,
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
What is mean solar cell? State working of solar cell with neat sketch.
(Meaning -2 Marks & Figure – 1 Mark, Working
Which converts solar energy (heat energy) directly into electrical energy (DC) is
OR
Silicon solar cell consists of a thin slice of single crystal P
into which a very thin (0.5 micron) layer of N-type material is diffused.
or equivalent figure
Solar cell operates on principle of Photo-voltaic effect which is process of
generating an emf (DC) when it absorbs sun radiations OR
Solar cell works in following steps.
Photons in sunlight hit the solar panel and absorbed by semiconducting material
h as silicon)
Electrons (negatively charged) are knocked loose from their atom causing an
electric potential difference.
Thus converts solar energy into electrical energy without any waste products.
OR
Photovoltaic cell is small semi conductor device which has light sensitive P
junction. It made up semi-conducting material and these cells are light sensitive. The p
Type layer is thick while the N-type layer is thin. When trivalent impurity is added, P
type semiconductor is obtained. When sunlight strikes the N-type layer, some of the
waves of light energy penetrate up to the P-type layer. When photons from the sunli
energy are absorbed in semi conductor, and sunlight energy is greater than energy gap,
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 18 of 33
What is mean solar cell? State working of solar cell with neat sketch.
1 Mark, Working -1 Marks)
Which converts solar energy (heat energy) directly into electrical energy (DC) is
Silicon solar cell consists of a thin slice of single crystal P-type silicon material
type material is diffused.
or equivalent figure
voltaic effect which is process of
Photons in sunlight hit the solar panel and absorbed by semiconducting material
Electrons (negatively charged) are knocked loose from their atom causing an
Thus converts solar energy into electrical energy without any waste products.
Photovoltaic cell is small semi conductor device which has light sensitive P-N
conducting material and these cells are light sensitive. The p-
type layer is thin. When trivalent impurity is added, P-
type layer, some of the
type layer. When photons from the sunlight
energy are absorbed in semi conductor, and sunlight energy is greater than energy gap,
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
electron-hole pairs are formed. Electrons are released from N
created in P-type material electrical circuit is completed and flow of curr
Photo voltaic cell system converts solar energy directly into electrical energy
without any waste products.
c) State the advantages and Limitations of Tidal power generation.
Advantages of Tidal Power generation:
i) It is clean & free from air pollution.
ii) Fuel is freely available.
iii) No transportation cost on fuel & waste disposal problem.
iv) It does’t require any combustion of fuel.
v) It is independent on external fuel supply & fluctuations in existing fuel rate.
vi) It is renewable energy source.
vii) Tidal energy is in exhaustive.
viii) Long Life
ix) Cost per unit is less.
x) It is independent on weather & seasonal condition.
xi) Operation and maintenance cost is less.
xii) No waste of useful land for power plant erecting.
xiii) Tides are totally predictable (both in terms of timing & force)
xiv) Tides can exchange millions of gall
xv) Dam constructed for ti
storm tides & provide readymade road bridge.
Limitations of Tidal Power generation:
i) High capital cost due to large
ii) There is limitation on site selection because it requires minimum tidal range between
5-8 meter.
iii) It provides power only for 10 hours per day.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
hole pairs are formed. Electrons are released from N-type material and holes are
type material electrical circuit is completed and flow of curr
Photo voltaic cell system converts solar energy directly into electrical energy
without any waste products.
State the advantages and Limitations of Tidal power generation.
(Advantages -2 Marks & Limitation
Advantages of Tidal Power generation: (Any Four Expected)
It is clean & free from air pollution.
Fuel is freely available.
transportation cost on fuel & waste disposal problem.
It does’t require any combustion of fuel.
It is independent on external fuel supply & fluctuations in existing fuel rate.
It is renewable energy source.
Tidal energy is in exhaustive.
r unit is less.
It is independent on weather & seasonal condition.
Operation and maintenance cost is less.
No waste of useful land for power plant erecting.
Tides are totally predictable (both in terms of timing & force)
Tides can exchange millions of gallons of water in just minutes.
Dam constructed for tidal power plant may protect coast line again damage from high
storm tides & provide readymade road bridge.
Limitations of Tidal Power generation: (Any Four Expected)
High capital cost due to large length & size of dam.
limitation on site selection because it requires minimum tidal range between
It provides power only for 10 hours per day.
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 19 of 33
type material and holes are
type material electrical circuit is completed and flow of current takes place.
Photo voltaic cell system converts solar energy directly into electrical energy
2 Marks & Limitation – 2 Mark)
It is independent on external fuel supply & fluctuations in existing fuel rate.
n just minutes.
line again damage from high
limitation on site selection because it requires minimum tidal range between
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
iv) There is no guaranty that power is generated during peak hours.
v) Design of dam/ barrage
vi) Power generation is not in phase with demand.
vii) Changing of tidal range in two weeks period produces changing power generation.
viii) It affects marine life of fish, animals & environmental at that location/ co
ix) It may affect/ abstracti
x) No firm generating capacity.
xi) Such power plants are located away from load centre so transmission cost increases.
xii) As water is salted, there is possibility of rusting of equipments.
xiii) Time required for completion of project is more due
d) Draw the neat sketch of Ocean tidal energy conversion plant. State the limitations of tidal
power Generation.
Figure for Two Basine, Linked basine scheme:
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
There is no guaranty that power is generated during peak hours.
barrage is quit complicated.
Power generation is not in phase with demand.
Changing of tidal range in two weeks period produces changing power generation.
It affects marine life of fish, animals & environmental at that location/ co
It may affect/ abstraction to marine traffic.
No firm generating capacity.
Such power plants are located away from load centre so transmission cost increases.
As water is salted, there is possibility of rusting of equipments.
Time required for completion of project is more due to construction of dam.
Draw the neat sketch of Ocean tidal energy conversion plant. State the limitations of tidal
(Any one Diagram is expected-2 Marks & Limitation
Figure for Two Basine, Linked basine scheme:
or equivalent figure
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 20 of 33
There is no guaranty that power is generated during peak hours.
Changing of tidal range in two weeks period produces changing power generation.
It affects marine life of fish, animals & environmental at that location/ coastal life.
Such power plants are located away from load centre so transmission cost increases.
As water is salted, there is possibility of rusting of equipments.
to construction of dam.
Draw the neat sketch of Ocean tidal energy conversion plant. State the limitations of tidal
2 Marks & Limitation – 2 Mark)
OR
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
Layout of Ebb generation Tidal power Plant or out flow generation:
Limitations of Tidal Power generation:
i) High capital cost due to large length & size of dam.
ii) There is limitation on site selection because it requires minimum tidal range between
5-8 meter.
iii) It provides power only for 10 hours per day.
iv) There is no guaranty that power is generated during peak hours.
v) Design of dam/ barrage
vi) Power generation is not in phase with demand.
vii) Changing of tidal range in two weeks period produces changing power generation.
viii) It affects marine life of fish, animals & environmental at that location/ co
ix) It may affect/ abstraction to marine traffic.
x) No firm generating capacity.
xi) Such power plants are located away from load centre so transmission cost increases.
xii) As water is salted, there is possibility of rusting of equipments.
xiii) Time required for completio
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
bb generation Tidal power Plant or out flow generation:-
Limitations of Tidal Power generation: (Any Four Point Expected)
capital cost due to large length & size of dam.
There is limitation on site selection because it requires minimum tidal range between
It provides power only for 10 hours per day.
There is no guaranty that power is generated during peak hours.
barrage is quit complicated.
Power generation is not in phase with demand.
Changing of tidal range in two weeks period produces changing power generation.
It affects marine life of fish, animals & environmental at that location/ co
It may affect/ abstraction to marine traffic.
No firm generating capacity.
Such power plants are located away from load centre so transmission cost increases.
As water is salted, there is possibility of rusting of equipments.
Time required for completion of project is more due to construction of dam.
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 21 of 33
(Any Four Point Expected)
There is limitation on site selection because it requires minimum tidal range between
There is no guaranty that power is generated during peak hours.
Changing of tidal range in two weeks period produces changing power generation.
It affects marine life of fish, animals & environmental at that location/ coastal life.
Such power plants are located away from load centre so transmission cost increases.
As water is salted, there is possibility of rusting of equipments.
n of project is more due to construction of dam.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
e) State the factors for selection of site for wind mills. Explain briefly. Mention the speciality
of wind mill generator. (
generator – 2 Mark)
The Factors for selection of site for Wind Mills:
i) The site should be selected where winds are strong i.e where pressure of wind is high
and there is continuity (10
ii) It is better to choose a site near the seashore (
iii) Winds turbines are also installed OFF shore (in ocean) OFF shore wind turbine
generate more electricity than those on land because the wind at sea is typically
stronger and more constant than ON shore.
iv) Wind pressure is also high in hilly are
v) Site should be convenient for transportation facility.
vi) The cost of land should be low.
vii) Plant must be installed on tall towers (45m to 149 m) as wind pressure is available
with higher velocity.
The specialty of wind mill generator
Note: In this case credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant answer based on candidate understands.
Typically wind turbines generate electricity through
directly connected with the electricity grid.
double-fed three-phase induction
converter) ensure that the generator works with high efficiency over the entire speed range.
heating winding is installed to prevent damage to the generator due to
there are sensors to monitor the temperature
electronics are cooled by a water
In a turbine generator, magnets spin around a coil to produce current. The faster
the magnets spin, the more current is induced in the c
generator's slower spinning rate, the diameter of the generator's
containing more magnets which lets it create
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
State the factors for selection of site for wind mills. Explain briefly. Mention the speciality
(Factors for selection wind Mill -2 Marks &
Factors for selection of site for Wind Mills: (Any Four Point Expected)
should be selected where winds are strong i.e where pressure of wind is high
and there is continuity (10-15km/hr) and above.
It is better to choose a site near the seashore (coastal area)
Winds turbines are also installed OFF shore (in ocean) OFF shore wind turbine
generate more electricity than those on land because the wind at sea is typically
stronger and more constant than ON shore.
Wind pressure is also high in hilly area so wind turbines are located in hilly area.
Site should be convenient for transportation facility.
The cost of land should be low.
Plant must be installed on tall towers (45m to 149 m) as wind pressure is available
with higher velocity.
of wind mill generator:
Note: In this case credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant based on candidate understands.
Typically wind turbines generate electricity through asynchronous machines
directly connected with the electricity grid. The wind turbine generator is equipped with a
phase induction generator. The advanced power electronics (IGBT
that the generator works with high efficiency over the entire speed range.
heating winding is installed to prevent damage to the generator due to
there are sensors to monitor the temperature in the generator. The generator and the power
electronics are cooled by a water-air heat exchanger. OR
In a turbine generator, magnets spin around a coil to produce current. The faster
the magnets spin, the more current is induced in the coil. To make up for a direct drive
generator's slower spinning rate, the diameter of the generator's rotor
containing more magnets which lets it create a lot of power when turning slowly. To reduce
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 22 of 33
State the factors for selection of site for wind mills. Explain briefly. Mention the speciality
2 Marks & Speciality of
(Any Four Point Expected)
should be selected where winds are strong i.e where pressure of wind is high
Winds turbines are also installed OFF shore (in ocean) OFF shore wind turbine
generate more electricity than those on land because the wind at sea is typically
a so wind turbines are located in hilly area.
Plant must be installed on tall towers (45m to 149 m) as wind pressure is available
Note: In this case credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant
asynchronous machines that are
The wind turbine generator is equipped with a
d power electronics (IGBT
that the generator works with high efficiency over the entire speed range. A
heating winding is installed to prevent damage to the generator due to damp. In addition,
The generator and the power
In a turbine generator, magnets spin around a coil to produce current. The faster
oil. To make up for a direct drive
rotor is increased hence
a lot of power when turning slowly. To reduce
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
the generator weight some constructors use
rotor, while conventional turbine generato
generator itself. To enhance their competitiveness, the design of smaller generators with
improved torque is still an active res
f) Draw the neat labelled diagram of wind mill and state its applications.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
the generator weight some constructors use permanent magnets (PM) in the generators'
rotor, while conventional turbine generators use electromagnets fed with electricity from the
generator itself. To enhance their competitiveness, the design of smaller generators with
improved torque is still an active research area.
Draw the neat labelled diagram of wind mill and state its applications.
(Any one Diagram is expected-2 Marks & Application
or equivalent figure OR
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 23 of 33
(PM) in the generators'
fed with electricity from the
generator itself. To enhance their competitiveness, the design of smaller generators with
Draw the neat labelled diagram of wind mill and state its applications.
2 Marks & Application – 2 Mark)
OR
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
Application of Wind Mill:
i) Wind energy is used to generate electrical
commercial wind turbine.
ii) Wind energy can be generated electrical energy in small scale for residential, small
commercial, hotels and hospitals etc.
iii) For pumping the water from well.
iv) Wind energy can be used for grindin
Q.5 Attempt any Four of the following
a) What is the meaning of Bio
calorific value. (Meaning
Bio-mass and Bio-gas:-
The power plant in which biomass is used as a fuel to generate electrical is known as
biomass power plant.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
or equivalent figure
Application of Wind Mill: (Any Two Expected)
Wind energy is used to generate electrical energy in large scale with the help of
commercial wind turbine.
Wind energy can be generated electrical energy in small scale for residential, small
commercial, hotels and hospitals etc.
For pumping the water from well.
Wind energy can be used for grinding purpose.
of the following
What is the meaning of Bio-mass and Bio-gas energy? Give composition of Bio
Meaning-2 Marks & Composition of Bio-gas-1&Calorific Value
The power plant in which biomass is used as a fuel to generate electrical is known as
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 24 of 33
energy in large scale with the help of
Wind energy can be generated electrical energy in small scale for residential, small
16 Marks
gas energy? Give composition of Bio-gas and its
1&Calorific Value –1 Mark)
The power plant in which biomass is used as a fuel to generate electrical is known as
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
Composition of Bio-gas and its calorific Value:
In biogas plant, biogas also called as land
of biogas is as below (Note: Only Name of components is expected)
S.No Compound
1 Methane
2 Carbon dioxide
3 Nitrogen
4 Hydrogen
5 Hydrogen sulphide
6 Oxygen
Out of which methane gas is useful to produce electricity by direct combustion or to run
the gas engine in combination with generator. Calorific Value of
i) At 40% methane: 3124 Kcal / m
ii) At 50% methane: 4429 Kcal / m
iii) At 55% methane: 4713 Kcal / m
b) A generating Station has a connected load of 60 MW and maximum demand of 25 MW.
The units generated being 60 x
factor. (Formula
DemandAverage =
=
Load Factor Maximum
Average=
1025
315.6849
×=
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
gas and its calorific Value:
In biogas plant, biogas also called as land fill gas (LFG) is produced. The composition
(Note: Only Name of components is expected)
Compound Formula (Not expected) % (Not expected)
CH4 50-
Carbon dioxide CO2 25-
N2 0-10 %
H2 0-1 %
Hydrogen sulphide H2S 0-3 %
O2 0 %
Out of which methane gas is useful to produce electricity by direct combustion or to run
the gas engine in combination with generator. Calorific Value of Methane:
40% methane: 3124 Kcal / m3
At 50% methane: 4429 Kcal / m3
At 55% methane: 4713 Kcal / m3
A generating Station has a connected load of 60 MW and maximum demand of 25 MW.
The units generated being 60 x 106 KWh per annum. Calculate load factor
(Formula-1 Mark for each factor & Answer-1 Mark for each factor)
yearinHours
annumgeneratedUnits /
kw315.68498760
1060 6
=×=
demandMaximum
DemandAverage
%39.27273.010
3153
or=
OR
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 25 of 33
gas (LFG) is produced. The composition
(Note: Only Name of components is expected)
(Not expected)
-75 %
-50 %
10 %
1 %
3 %
0 %
Out of which methane gas is useful to produce electricity by direct combustion or to run
Methane:
A generating Station has a connected load of 60 MW and maximum demand of 25 MW.
Calculate load factor and demand
1 Mark for each factor)
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
factorLoad
= 8760
60
××
Demand Factor connected
Maximum=
60
25=
Demand Factor = 0.4166
Average Demand Units=
60=
c) Differentiate between load curve and load duration curve.
1 mark to each point)
S.No Load Curve
1 It is graphical representation of load (KW/MW) w.r.t time (hrs).
2 Load at any time during a day determine
3 Load curve helps selection of most economical size (rating) generating units (set of generator)
4 Operation schedule of generating station can be determined
5
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
demandMaximum
generatedunitsofNo
×=
8760
.
%39.27273.01025
103
6
or=×
×
loadconnected
demandMaximum
0.4166
yearinHours
annumgeneratedUnits /
kw315.68498760
1060 6
=×
Differentiate between load curve and load duration curve. (Any four point expected
Load Curve Load Duration CurveIt is graphical representation of load (KW/MW) w.r.t time (hrs).
It is drawn from load curve. It is the graph of load (KW/MW) arranged in descending order of magnitude w.r.t time
Load at any time during a day are How long a particular load exist
Load curve helps selection of most economical size (rating) & number of generating units (set of generator)
It helps to determine distribution of load between different generating set
Operation schedule of generating station It helps to determine distribution of load between different generating set
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 26 of 33
(Any four point expected -
Load Duration Curve is drawn from load curve. It is the graph
of load (KW/MW) arranged in descending order of magnitude w.r.t time How long a particular load exist
It helps to determine distribution of load between different generating set
It helps to determine distribution of load generating set
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
d) A generating station has following daily load cycle.
Time (Hours) 0-6 Load (MW) 40
i) Maximum Demand=? ii) Units generated per day=? iii) Average load+?
iv) Load Factor?
Solutions:
i) It is clear from the load curve that maximu
and occurs during the period
Maximum Demand:
ii) Units generated /day =
KWhinArea (=
640(103 ×=
240(103 +=
240(103 +=
3101460×=
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
A generating station has following daily load cycle.
6-10 10-12 12-16 60 80 100
Maximum Demand=? ii) Units generated per day=? iii) Average load+?
Graph:
It is clear from the load curve that maximum demand on the power station is
and occurs during the period 12-16
Demand: 100 MW -------------------------------------------------
Units generated /day =
curveloadtheunderKWh)
)43047541002804606 ×+×+×+×+×+
kWh)120300400160240 +++++
kWh)120300400160240 +++++
KWh3 -------------------------------------------------
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 27 of 33
16-20 20-24 75 30
Maximum Demand=? ii) Units generated per day=? iii) Average load+?
m demand on the power station is 100 MW
------------------------------------------------- (1 Mark)
------------------------------------------------- (1 Mark)
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
iii) Average Load =
Units=
iv) Load Factor =
=Maximum
Average
.60=
e) State the criteria by choice of size and number of generator units in a generating station.
Explain briefly.
Following points should be considered while selecting size & number of generating units in generating station.
i) The size & number of generating units should be so selected that they approximately
match (fit) with annual load curve of generating station.
ii) Select the large number of generating units of different small capacity to match the load
curve.
iii) The tendency to select a large number of units of smaller capacity in order to fit the
load curve very accurately should be avoided.
iv) The installed capacity of the plant should be at least 15
demand to meet the future load requirement.
v) There should be spare generating unit to increase the reliability.
f) What is meant by water hammer action in penstock of hydro
method to reduce it?
Explanation:-
When load on power plant or alternator d
discharge of water. Due to sudden reduction in water discharge causes increase in pressure
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
hours
daypergeneratedUnits.60833
24
101460
24
3
=×=
60833.010100
33.608333
=×
=demandMaximum
loadAverage
%83. ----------------------------------------------------------------
State the criteria by choice of size and number of generator units in a generating station.
Following points should be considered while selecting size & number of generating
units in generating station. (Any four point expected- 1 Mark each pointThe size & number of generating units should be so selected that they approximately
tch (fit) with annual load curve of generating station.
Select the large number of generating units of different small capacity to match the load
The tendency to select a large number of units of smaller capacity in order to fit the
accurately should be avoided.
The installed capacity of the plant should be at least 15-20% more than maximum
demand to meet the future load requirement.
There should be spare generating unit to increase the reliability.
What is meant by water hammer action in penstock of hydro-electric power station and
(Water Hammer effect-2 Mark & method of reduce
When load on power plant or alternator decreases then Governor (valve) reduces
discharge of water. Due to sudden reduction in water discharge causes increase in pressure
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 28 of 33
KW33. ------- (1 Mark)
---------------------------------------------------------------- (1 Mark)
State the criteria by choice of size and number of generator units in a generating station.
Following points should be considered while selecting size & number of generating 1 Mark each point)
The size & number of generating units should be so selected that they approximately
Select the large number of generating units of different small capacity to match the load
The tendency to select a large number of units of smaller capacity in order to fit the
20% more than maximum
There should be spare generating unit to increase the reliability.
electric power station and
& method of reduce -2 Mark)
Governor (valve) reduces
discharge of water. Due to sudden reduction in water discharge causes increase in pressure of the
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
water in the penstock. Due to high pressure penstock may damage. This effect is known as
‘Water hammer effect’. OR
When load on power plant or alternator decreases then
� Governor (valve) reduces discharge of water.
� Due to sudden reduction in water discharge causes increase in pressure in the penstock.
� Due to high pressure penstock may damage.
� This effect is known as
Effect is reduced: -
With the help of surge tank water hammer effect is eliminated
At that time surge tank helps by storing this rejected water immediately. In this way it avoids
water hammer effect.
Q.6 Attempt any Four of the following
a) State four advantages of interconnected power station.
i) Reduced Overall installed Capacity:
Inter connected power systems reduce the overall requirement of installed capacity.
With interconnection between power systems, peak demand in an area
power from neighboring area. Thus, it also reduces investment and fulfills the peak
demand.
ii) Better Utilization Hydro Power:
In combined power system, hydro power can be utilized in more effectiv
during rainy season, hydro power plant can be utilized, while during draught periods, steam
power plant can be used as base load plant.
iii) Reliability of Supply:
The reliability of steam power plants depends upon the coal su
power plant depends upon the stream flow. due to greater diversity, a combined operation
of various types of power plant is more reliable than individual power plant.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
the penstock. Due to high pressure penstock may damage. This effect is known as
OR
When load on power plant or alternator decreases then
Governor (valve) reduces discharge of water.
Due to sudden reduction in water discharge causes increase in pressure in the penstock.
Due to high pressure penstock may damage.
This effect is known as ‘Water hammer effect.
With the help of surge tank water hammer effect is eliminated
At that time surge tank helps by storing this rejected water immediately. In this way it avoids
of the following
State four advantages of interconnected power station.
(Any four Advantages Expected
i) Reduced Overall installed Capacity:-
Inter connected power systems reduce the overall requirement of installed capacity.
With interconnection between power systems, peak demand in an area
from neighboring area. Thus, it also reduces investment and fulfills the peak
ii) Better Utilization Hydro Power: -
In combined power system, hydro power can be utilized in more effectiv
during rainy season, hydro power plant can be utilized, while during draught periods, steam
can be used as base load plant.
Reliability of Supply: -
The reliability of steam power plants depends upon the coal su
power plant depends upon the stream flow. due to greater diversity, a combined operation
of various types of power plant is more reliable than individual power plant.
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 29 of 33
the penstock. Due to high pressure penstock may damage. This effect is known as
Due to sudden reduction in water discharge causes increase in pressure in the penstock.
With the help of surge tank water hammer effect is eliminated OR
At that time surge tank helps by storing this rejected water immediately. In this way it avoids
16 Marks
four Advantages Expected-1 Mark to each)
Inter connected power systems reduce the overall requirement of installed capacity.
With interconnection between power systems, peak demand in an area is meet by importing
from neighboring area. Thus, it also reduces investment and fulfills the peak
In combined power system, hydro power can be utilized in more effective way.
during rainy season, hydro power plant can be utilized, while during draught periods, steam
The reliability of steam power plants depends upon the coal supply and that of hydro
power plant depends upon the stream flow. due to greater diversity, a combined operation
of various types of power plant is more reliable than individual power plant.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
iv) High unit size possible:
Generating units of higher unit capacity (200MW, 500MW etc) can be installed and
operated economically.
v) Improved quality of voltage and frequency:
Isolated power systems have higher frequency fluctuations with change in load. With
inter connections, the system becomes stronger & the effect of load is reduced.
vi) Exchange of peak loads:
If the load curve of powe
capacity of the plant, then the excess load can be shared by other stations connected with it.
vii) Use of older Plants:-
The interconnected system makes it possible to use
carry peak loads of short durations. Although such plants may be inadequate when used
alone, yet they have sufficient capacity to carry short peaks up load when inter
with other modern plants.
viii) Insure Economical operation:
The interconnected system makes the operation of concerned power station quite
economical. It is because sharing of loads among the stations is arranged in such a way that
more efficient plants work for peak load
ix) Increases Diversity factor:
The maximum demand on the system is reduced because load curves of different
inter-connected stations are different. So, diversity factor of the system is improved,
thereby increasing the effective capacity of the system.
x) Increases load factor:-
The load factor and efficiency of operation are improved.
xi) Reduces Plant Reserve capacity:
Every power station is required to have a standby unit for emergencies. However
when several power stations are connected in parallel, the reserve capacity of the system is
mush reduced. This increases efficiency of the system.
xii) Better utilization of natural resources:
Due to interconnection, there is optimum utilization of available natural resources
in the country is possible.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
iv) High unit size possible:-
Generating units of higher unit capacity (200MW, 500MW etc) can be installed and
operated economically.
Improved quality of voltage and frequency:-
Isolated power systems have higher frequency fluctuations with change in load. With
connections, the system becomes stronger & the effect of load is reduced.
Exchange of peak loads:-
If the load curve of power station shows a peak demand that is greater than the rated
capacity of the plant, then the excess load can be shared by other stations connected with it.
-
The interconnected system makes it possible to use older and less efficient plants to
carry peak loads of short durations. Although such plants may be inadequate when used
have sufficient capacity to carry short peaks up load when inter
with other modern plants.
conomical operation:-
The interconnected system makes the operation of concerned power station quite
economical. It is because sharing of loads among the stations is arranged in such a way that
more efficient plants work for peak load hours only.
Increases Diversity factor:-
The maximum demand on the system is reduced because load curves of different
connected stations are different. So, diversity factor of the system is improved,
the effective capacity of the system.
-
The load factor and efficiency of operation are improved.
Reduces Plant Reserve capacity:-
Every power station is required to have a standby unit for emergencies. However
several power stations are connected in parallel, the reserve capacity of the system is
mush reduced. This increases efficiency of the system.
Better utilization of natural resources:
Due to interconnection, there is optimum utilization of available natural resources
in the country is possible.
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 30 of 33
Generating units of higher unit capacity (200MW, 500MW etc) can be installed and
Isolated power systems have higher frequency fluctuations with change in load. With
connections, the system becomes stronger & the effect of load is reduced.
r station shows a peak demand that is greater than the rated
capacity of the plant, then the excess load can be shared by other stations connected with it.
older and less efficient plants to
carry peak loads of short durations. Although such plants may be inadequate when used
have sufficient capacity to carry short peaks up load when inter-connected
The interconnected system makes the operation of concerned power station quite
economical. It is because sharing of loads among the stations is arranged in such a way that
The maximum demand on the system is reduced because load curves of different
connected stations are different. So, diversity factor of the system is improved,
Every power station is required to have a standby unit for emergencies. However
several power stations are connected in parallel, the reserve capacity of the system is
Due to interconnection, there is optimum utilization of available natural resources
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
b) Compare thermal, Hydro, Nuclear and diesel Power plants on the basis of i)
ii) Use as base load or peak load .
S.No Basis of point Thermal
1 Running
Cost
2 Use as base
load or peak
load
Base load
c) What is meant by economic loading of interconnected power stations? How the economic
loading is achieved?
Note: - In this questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant answer based on candidate understand
Economic Loading means:
The power plant whose generating cost per unit is less will share maximum load during
whole day. And the power plant whose generating cost per unit is more will share minimum
load for few hours during a day (pea
power system.
Economic loading is achieved as shown in figure
Following figure indicates priority of type of plant share the load
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Compare thermal, Hydro, Nuclear and diesel Power plants on the basis of i)
ii) Use as base load or peak load .
Thermal P.P
Hydro P.P Nuclear P.P
High Lowest Higher than
Base load Peak load also Large
storage H.P.P may be used
as a base load power plant
Base load
What is meant by economic loading of interconnected power stations? How the economic
(Economic loading -2 Mark & How it is
In this questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of answer based on candidate understanding.
Economic Loading means:
The power plant whose generating cost per unit is less will share maximum load during
whole day. And the power plant whose generating cost per unit is more will share minimum
load for few hours during a day (peak load) is called economic loading of interconnected
Economic loading is achieved as shown in figure:
Following figure indicates priority of type of plant share the load.
or equivalent figure
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 31 of 33
Compare thermal, Hydro, Nuclear and diesel Power plants on the basis of i) Running cost
(4 Mark)
Nuclear P.P Diesel P.P
Higher than
T.P.P
Highest
Base load Peak load
What is meant by economic loading of interconnected power stations? How the economic
How it is achieved-2 Mark)
In this questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of
The power plant whose generating cost per unit is less will share maximum load during
whole day. And the power plant whose generating cost per unit is more will share minimum
k load) is called economic loading of interconnected
or equivalent figure
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
d) Differentiate between state grid and national grid. What precautions must be taken in
case of national grid? (Any two
Mark)
Note: - In this questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant answer based on candidate understands.
S.No. State Grid
1 All major generating stations in state
are interconnected to each other
through transmission line is called as
state grid.
2 Control of authority is state level load
dispatch centre
Precautions must be taken in case of national Grid:
Precaution should be taken that l
cascade tripping during peak load period.
e) Explain how to decide the priority of types of plant to share the load.
Note: - In this questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant answer based on candidate understands.
Following figure indicates priority of type of plant share
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
between state grid and national grid. What precautions must be taken in
Any two Difference point -2 Mark each point
In this questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant answer based on candidate understands.
State Grid National Gridgenerating stations in state
are interconnected to each other
through transmission line is called as
All state grids are interconnected to each
other through transmission line is called
‘National grid.
Control of authority is state level load Control of authority is National level load
dispatch centre
Precautions must be taken in case of national Grid:
should be taken that load on grid is adjusted in such way that,
cascade tripping during peak load period.
Explain how to decide the priority of types of plant to share the load.
In this questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant on candidate understands.
Following figure indicates priority of type of plant share the load.
or equivalent figure
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 32 of 33
between state grid and national grid. What precautions must be taken in
each point & Precautions -2
In this questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant
National Grid All state grids are interconnected to each
other through transmission line is called
Control of authority is National level load
is adjusted in such way that, avoid
Explain how to decide the priority of types of plant to share the load.
In this questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant (4Marks)
or equivalent figure
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF
Subject Code: 12057
f) Define the following terms related to Economics of power generation connected load,
spinning reserve, plant capacity factor and plant use factor.
1. Connected Load :
It is the sum of continuous
are in use or not use of each consumer.
The sum of continuous rating of all the equipments in consumer premises is the
connected load of consumer and
connected to the power station or power system.
2. Spinning Reserve :
It is the generating capacity to bus bar & ready to take a load.
3. Plant Capacity Factor
It is the ratio of actual energy produced to the maximum possible energy that could
have been produced during a given period.
FactorCapacityPlant
FactorCapacityPlant
FactorCapacityPlant
CapacityPlant
∴ FactorCapacityPlant
4. Plant Use factor:
It is the ratio of number of units (KWH) generated to the product of installed capacity
of plant & the number of hours for which the plant was in operation.
FactorUsePlant =
------------------------------------------------------
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
SUMMER – 13 EXAMINATION
Model Answer
Define the following terms related to Economics of power generation connected load,
spinning reserve, plant capacity factor and plant use factor.
( Each Definition
It is the sum of continuous supply of all equipments connected to supply system which
are in use or not use of each consumer. OR
The sum of continuous rating of all the equipments in consumer premises is the
connected load of consumer and the sum of connected load of all the consumers is the
connected to the power station or power system.
It is the generating capacity to bus bar & ready to take a load.
Plant Capacity Factor:
It is the ratio of actual energy produced to the maximum possible energy that could
have been produced during a given period.
havecouldthatenergypossibleMaximum
producedKWHenergyActualFactor
)(=
plantofcapacityRatedInstalled
DemandAverageFactor
)(=
OR
InstalledperiodthatinhrsofNumber
aduringgeneratedKWHTotalFactor
×=
ratedInstalled
Maximum
demandMaximum
demandAvrageFactor ×=
factornUtilizatiofactorLoadFactor ×=
It is the ratio of number of units (KWH) generated to the product of installed capacity
the number of hours for which the plant was in operation.
hoursofNumberplantofcapacityInstalled
StationgeneratedKWHunitsofNumber
×()(
------------------------------------------END---------------------------------------------------
TECHNICAL EDUCATIOD
Page No: 33 of 33
Define the following terms related to Economics of power generation connected load,
Each Definition -1 Mark each)
supply of all equipments connected to supply system which
The sum of continuous rating of all the equipments in consumer premises is the
of all the consumers is the
It is the ratio of actual energy produced to the maximum possible energy that could
producedbeenhave
produced OR
OR
ORplantofcapacityratedInstalled
periodgivena
plantofcapacityrated
demandMaximum
It is the ratio of number of units (KWH) generated to the product of installed capacity
the number of hours for which the plant was in operation.
operationinplanthours
KWHinpoStation )/
------------------------------