Apport de laCytogénétique Moléculaire

à l’analysedu Génome

dela Canne à sucre

Maguy Rodier, Lolita Triaire, Angélique D’Hont

in collaboration with

BSES, Australia : Nathalie & George Piperidis

USP, Brazil : Douglas Silva & Marie Anne Van Sluis

FISHingwith sugarCANE

Maguy Rodier, Lolita Triaire, Angélique D’Hont

in collaboration with

BSES, Australia : Nathalie & George Piperidis

USP, Brazil : Douglas Silva & Marie Anne Van Sluis

Inferred polyploidy events during the evolution of angiosperms.Branch lengths are not to scale. Numbers indicate roughly estimated dates (in millions of years) since the duplication event.

suspected large-scaleduplication event

Sugarcane= polyploid

70% of worldwideraw sugar production

High biofuelproduction potential

S. officinarum2n = 80

S. spontaneum2n = 40 - 128

?

modern cultivars

2n ~ 120

?

S. barberi

X = ?

?

X = ?

?

?

S. officinarumS. spontaneum

rDNA

Paunra (2n=82)

Two genomes are involved in cultivated clones, directly or through S. barberi

Interspecific hybrids between S. officinarum and S. spontaneum

Origin of S. barberi

S. officinarum2n = 80

S. spontaneum2n = 40 - 128

?

modern cultivars

2n ~ 120

?

S. barberi

X = ?X = ?

?

?

Modern cultivar chromosome complement

Cultivar NCo376rDNA

Cultivar R570

80% S. officinarum10% S. spontaneum10% recombinants

70% S. officinarum20% S. spontaneum10% recombinants

S. officinarum2n = 80

S. spontaneum2n = 40 - 128

?

modern cultivars

2n ~ 85 - 95 + 17 - 30

S. barberi

X = ?X = ?

S. officinarum (2n=80)

rDNA 45SrDNA 5S

X = basic chromosome number =number of chromosomes

number of sites per locus

x = 10

82n = 80

Basic chromosome numbers in S. officinarum

Basic chromosome numbers in S. spontaneum

X = basic chromosome number =number of chromosomes

number of sites per locus

10

x = 8

2n = 80rDNA 45SrDNA 5S

S. spontaneum with 2n=80

Sugarcane cultivars = complex polyploids

Homologygroup

Monoploid genome size =950 Mb

S. spontaneum

S. officinarum recombinants

Total genome size (=2C)=10 Gb

Chromosome pairing :

- mainly bivalent- combination of polysomy and preferential pairing

recombinants

S. spontaneum

S. officinarum

Canne à sucre2n = c.a.115

2C = 10 000 Mbp

Sorgho2n = 2x = 20

2C = 1 600 Mbp

Riz2n = 2x = 24

2C = 800 Mbp

Maïs2n = 2x (4x) = 202C = 5 500 Mbp

Sorgho Canne Sorgho Canne

From Grivet et al, 1996; Dufour et al, 1997;D’Hont et Paulet, pers comm

Structural variation between parental species

Homologygroup VIII

S. spontaneumS. officinarum

recombinants(x=10)(x=8)

Genetic map :Homology group VIII

C105B304C107(4)

D57U15rDNAAdh1

C148

R63C62

R35C92

U135

U44

C105U15 C107(4)

U49C148

U49

Adh1

U42

VIII1

D57

U6

B304D57C105U15

S54rDNAAdh1

C148

C62R35C92

U135

C86

B1209

U44 R125

C105

Adh1

U42

C92

R35

Adh1

C148 U42

R35

C92 C92

R125 U44 C86

U135 B1209

B1209

U135

C92

R125 C86

B1209

B1209 B1206

U135

2.7

VIII2 VIII3 VIII4 VIII5

VIII10

VIII6

VIII9

VIII7 VIII8

(4)

(3)

(3)

VIII11 VIII12 VIII13 VIII14

S. spontaneum (x=8) S. officinarum (x=10)

BAC 63D09

BAC 52F03

Homology group VIII

C105B304C107(4)

D57U15rDNAAdh1

C148

R63C62

R35C92

U135

U44

C105U15 C107(4)

U49C148

U49

Adh1

U42

VIII1

D57

U6

B304D57C105U15

S54rDNAAdh1

C148

C62R35C92

U135

C86

B1209

U44 R125

C105

Adh1

U42

C92

R35

Adh1

C148 U42

R35

C92 C92

R125 U44 C86

U135 B1209

B1209

U135

C92

R125 C86

B1209

B1209 B1206

U135

2.7

VIII2 VIII3 VIII4 VIII5

VIII10

VIII6

VIII9

VIII7 VIII8

(4)

(3)

(3)

VIII11 VIII12 VIII13 VIII14

S. spontaneum (x=8) S. officinarum (x=10)

BAC sorgho

rDNA

U135

VIII1

rDNA

U135

VIII2

U135 U135

U135

VIII3VIII4 VIII5

VIII10

VIII6

VIII9

VIII7 VIII8

VIII11 VIII12 VIII13VIII14

Genetic mapping data

Cytogenetic data

S. spontaneum S. officinarum

rDNA

?

U135/BAC 63D09rDNA 45S

Cytogenetic data

rDNA

U135

VIII1

rDNA

U135

VIII2

U135 U135

U135

VIII3VIII4 VIII5

VIII10

VIII6

VIII9

VIII7 VIII8

VIII11 VIII12 VIII13VIII14

Genetic mapping data

S. spontaneum S. officinarum

rDNA

?

U135/BAC 63D09rDNA 45S

S. spontaneum

U15

U135

VIII1

U135

VIII2

U135 U135

U135

VIII3VIII4 VIII5

VIII10

VIII6

VIII9

VIII7 VIII8

VIII11 VIII12 VIII13VIII14

Genetic mapping data

S. officinarum

U15

U15

U135/BAC 63D09U15/BAC 52F03

Saccharum

Miscanthus(2n=38, 40, 76)

Erianthus(2n=20, 30, 40 and 60)

S. edule(2n=40 to 128)

S. spontaneum(2n=40 to 128)

S. sinense(2n=116 to 120)S. barberi(2n=81 to 124)

S. officinarum(2n=80)S. robustum

(2n=60, 80 + up to 200)

CultivatedWild

Modern cultivars(2n=100 to 120)

Monitoring introgression with related genus

Chromosome transmission in intergenric hybrids

n+n

Observed: 40 + 30

Observed: 94-96 + 10-12

n+n

Expected if n + n : 40 + 30

S.officinarum (Badila)2n=80

E.arundinaceus (HN92-77)2n=60

F1

x

Expected if n + n : 76 + 15

Cultivar~ 112 Saccharum (estimation)

BC1

x

Expected if n + n : 104 + 15

Cultivar~ 112 Saccharum (estimation)

BC2

x

2n+n

Expected if 2n + n : 96 + 30Observed : 92 + 30

No recombination

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Distribution of repeated sequences

EaCIR1EaCIR8

Erianthus tandem specific sequence

Subtelomeric

Distribution of repeated sequencesSaccharum transposable element (retro copia like, TE197)

LTRPBS LTRgag pr int RT-RNaseH

PPT

TE 197

1763bp

Saccharum spp = cultivar

San PaoloUniversity

Saccharum-Miscanthus hybridTE197

San PaoloUniversity

LTRPBS LTRgag pr int RT-RNaseH

PPT

TE 197

1763bp

Let’s go FISHing