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MagNews The international publication of theUK Magnetics Society

2019 Issue 3

Magnetic

SkyrmionsAlan Clegg - An Appreciation

Bill Trowbridge - An Appreciation

Supercon

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Strathclyde's

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Extracting difficult to

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grinding RE powdersM

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2 MagNews 2019 Issue 3

CONNECTING MAGNETISMTO INDUSTRY 4.0

Nerviano, Milan, Italy (HQ) +39 0331 589 785 Lake Orion, Michigan, USA +1 248 340 7040 Shanghai, CHINA +86 21 5401 9806 www.laboratorio.elettrofisico.comCOILTECH DEUTSCHLAND - booth E12EV TECH EXPO EUROPE - booth 444CWIEME BERLIN - booth D30/E31

MAGNETIZING SYSTEMS AND QUALITY CONTROLFOR ELECTRIC MOTORS IN AUTOMOTIVE

AND POWERTRAIN APPLICATIONS

MAGNETIZING SYSTEMSFOR INDUSTRY

MEASURING SYSTEMSFOR LABS & RESEARCH

MagNews 2019 Issue 3 3

generously supported by our Society Sponsor

Magazine

FRONT PAGE GRAPHIC:STEM images of a strontium titanate / lead titanate superlattice, on which bubble-like formations cropped up - polar skyrmions. (Credit: Berkeley Lab)

Contents

Cover Stories6 Alan Clegg8 Bill Trowbridge

16 Extracting difficult to grind components when grinding RE powders

19 Magnetic Skyrmions

26 Supercon magnets in BIG Science

4 From the Chair5 Member & Society News5 Lake Shore F71/F41

teslameters win R&D award6 Obituary - Professor Alan G

Clegg, BSc, MSc, PhD, DSc8 Obituary - Charles William (Bill)

Trowbridge, BSC, DSc, OBE10 News10 Strathclyde open state of the

art applied supercon lab12 ePropelled brings manufacturing

back to Lowell, USA13 Innovation Metals and Hexagon

Resources form JV for the commercialisation of RapidSX technology for RE separation

13 EU backing for world-class magnetics research

16 Technical16 Extraction of difficult to grind

components when grinding rare earth powders

19 Magnetic Skyrmions19 What are Skyrmions?23 Skyrmions getting an X-ray25 Electric material skyrmions

charge ahead for next-gen data storage

26 Superconducting magnets in Big Science projects

28 10 Questions to...Bob Bunting Sr.29 Student Bursary Report: ISEF -

2019 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering

30 Non-contact technology simplifies torque monitoring

CopyrightCopyright of all content remains with the original authors, but a credit to MagNews would be appreciated if content is reprinted anywhere.

SubmissionsWe seek relevant content, and in return you will have a publication reference in an industry-recognised journal. We’ll consider news on products, facilities, people or ideas, upcoming or recent events, conference reports, technical articles or papers, thought-provoking pieces, interesting images, anything you think our readers might find interesting.Please send any copy [email protected]

Submission FormatsTextMS Word, unlocked PDF files, or plain text.Graphics / ArtworkHigh quality eps / tiff / jpeg, minimum of 300 dpi, preferably higher, high resolution print-ready pdf (Illustrator / Freehand / Photoshop / QuarkXpress).Images must be separate from the text.

Copy DeadlinesIn the current circumstances, MagNews deadlines are suspended as we are putting out MagNews releases as and when we receive them. We will recommence publishing MagNews at some future date.

DisclaimerNeither the UK Magnetics Society, the Editor nor the Editorial Committee accepts any responsibility or liability in any way whatsoever for statements made or opinions expressed in MagNews.

2019 Issue 3EditorMr Alastair Stewart, UK Magnetics SocietyEditorial CommitteeDr Ewan Goodier, Eclipse MagneticsMr Philip Keller, MetrolabMr Paul Smeeton, Rolls-Royce plcDr Vicky Mann, University of BirminghamMagNews is published byThe UK Magnetics SocietyISSN 13548174a: The UK Magnetics Society

5 Castlehill LoanKippenStirlingFK8 3DZUnited Kingdom

e: [email protected]: +44 (0)2920 626643

Events

Society Sponsor TestimonialBunting Magnetics believe in supporting the UK’s future technology capability through the application of our magnetic knowledge. Our core beliefs marry closely with the UK Magnetics Society’s beliefs that magnetism in all its forms is an amazing force, and that by understanding and harnessing it people can deliver amazing things.As long term members and contributors to the society, through committee membership, presenting and attending at events, and frequent contributions to MagNews, we recognise the value the Society delivers Bunting through close interaction with existing customers, introduction to new customers, and advance notice of the challenges our competitors present.In order to support the society, through giving it as stable a financial footing as possible (the society is completely non-profit), we became Society Sponsors for a level of mutual benefit. We believe this sponsorship package represents great value for us in terms of advertising and event attendance, but also closely aligns with our goal of growing the magnetics knowledge base in the UK to increase our business opportunities.We strongly hope that other companies see the value in supporting the Society financially alongside the immediate benefits that being a Society Sponsor brings.

EventsDue to Covid-19, all events are uncertain at the moment, and events through the summer of 2019 are altered, postponed,

taken online, or cancelled.The Society is developing

its own online content and events in lieu of the evetns we

had planned.We will provide more

information on our social media when we have it.

UK Magnetics Societymembership

information on p36


From the Chair

www.Arno ldMagnet i cs . com

North Amer ican Sa les UK and European Sa les1-800-593-9127 (+44) (0) 1909 772021

CALL OR MESSAGE YOUR ARNOLD REPRESENTAT IVE TODAY

High performance magnets, assemblies, and thin metals for demanding new markets

This is the second issue I have had to write an introduction to and it reminds

me of the difficult second album bands run into, after their initial success. So please accept my apologies if this is not up to the standard you have come to expect from previous chairs! They never tell you about this when they ask you to stand for Chair of the UK Magnetics Society.“Penning” an interesting and informative introduction for such diverse audience does not come easy to me. Equally, due to the timings of this publication vs what has actually happened in the world, as well as in the world of magnetics, then we are probably lagging a few months behind real time.There is no doubting the issue of the moment - the Covid-19 pandemic. It has turned the world upside down, affecting everyone in different ways. Some organisations are furloughed while others are working at full capacity, others planning how they can serve customers they can't physically meet, and some working on projects they never thought they would to support the health services. Some are even continuing as normal. What is certain is that normality - whatever that may turn out to be - will not return for some months, perhaps even 2021.

In this environment, the UKMagSoc committee continues to look for inspiration and topics to help promote any facet of magnetics to the wider audience. The current committee compromises some 15 active members from a wide variety of industries and academia, which we trust represents all areas of interest within the sector. The committee puts a huge amount of effort into coming up with ideas for seminars and future events, to promote all areas on interest within the wider magnetics community. Obviously our plans for this year's meetings are almost entirely gone, and next year's programme will be affected by the glut of events that will erupt when we're able to meet again. But we are developing new ideas including online activities, and we'll let you know when they're ready to roll.One impact of the pandemic is that we will not be putting together issues of MagNews after this one for the forseeable future. We will, however, be putting out MagNews news releases, as well as feeding our social media with news and links of interest. We will begin printing MagNews again once the situation has been clarified.The Society has no external funding and so relies on its member’s subscriptions,

advertising and attendees to any of events we organise online or in person; hence, we really need you to attend as many events as possible to ensure the society’s longevity. These are tailored to specific and hopefully interesting topics, with each speaker presenting an in-depth paper. While direct selling within a “paper” is frowned upon, the possibilities to present the technical capabilities of your company or University Group to the wider audience can bring its own rewards.This issue of MagNews looks back over the lives of Alan Clegg and Bill Trowbridge, two critically important people within the sector who are unfortunately no longer with us. In their own ways, they helped build the foundations of the industry we work in - Alan developing our understanding of magnetic phenomena, and Bill in creating the CAED tools used to build the modern world - for the greater benefit of us all.As usual, this issue of MagNews includes a variety of technical articles covering a broad range of topics from Skyrimions to how the particles used to manufacture magnets are processed. I hope you enjoy it.Jeremy TompkinsChair


From the Chair Member & Society NewsM

em &

Soc New

s

Lake Shore Cryotronics is pleased to announce that the company’s F71

and F41 teslameters have been named a 2019 R&D 100 Awards winner in the Analytical/Test category.Since 1963, the R&D 100 Awards have identified revolutionary technologies introduced to the market, honoring great R&D pioneers and their ideas in science and technology. “Being named as one of the R&D 100 is an incredible honour,” said Paul J. Heney, Vice President and Editorial Director for R&D World. “These 100 winning products and technologies are the disruptors that will change industries and make the world a better place in the coming years.”Offering a new level of precision, convenience, and dependability for users measuring magnetic fields in research or manufacturing environments, the F41 and F71 teslameters and their compatible Hall probes feature:• Unique TruZero™ technology that

minimises misalignment voltages, eliminating the need to re-zero a probe, and reduces flicker noise, meaning that readings are both more accurate and more precise

• Significantly smaller active sensor areas than previous generation

Lake Shore F71/F41 teslameters win R&D 100 Award

products, which ensure more accurate field readings and all but eliminate planar Hall effect errors

• An intuitive touchscreen interface as well as a TiltView™ display, making the instruments easy to operate even when mounted in the bottom of a rack

• A compact quick-release connector with integrated calibration data, making probe swapping even easier.

“I congratulate our teslameter and Hall probe development team on winning this award,” said Scott Yano, Lake Shore VP of Product Development. “Customers told us that they’d like an

instrument that is easy to setup and use for their entire team, including those without a strong technical background. We feel we’ve accomplished this – and without compromising the measurement performance. The teslameter touch display is intuitive to operate, and TruZero™ eliminates errors that were common to field measurements in the past. These features combined provide a new level of convenience and precision for users having to measure and verify magnetic field in a number of applications.”For more information about the teslameters, visit: www.lakeshore.com/teslameters.

Goudsmit UK are proud to confirm their membership renewal with

the UK Magnetics Society. Continuing their membership for the third year in a row allows Goudsmit UK to remain strong in the field of supplying bespoke magnets and magnetic assemblies to highly demanding industries.Goudsmit UK are an established sub-contract manufacturer based in Belfast, with a proven track-record of supplying quality engineered components into the automotive, medical, oil & gas and general manufacturing industries.

Goudsmit UK confirm Society membership renewalCustom components are manufactured in their joint venture manufacturing facilities in China, to the bespoke specification of clients' designs. Goudsmit UK pride themselves with their exceptional quality standards, being accredited to IS0 9001, AS 9120B and IATF 16949, the highly distinguished quality management system standards.With an established network of logistic partners, backed up with years of experience, Goudsmit UK add value to their clients’ supply chain by project

managing their product requirements from the early design stage through to delivery or warehousing.Goudsmit UK look forward to the continued partnership with the UK Magnetics Society, helping advance the scientific, technical, practical development and application of magnetics technology and materials.“The UK Magnetics Society are an invaluable partner for Goudsmit UK, their extensive knowledge, expertise and widespread services have been instrumental in Goudsmit UK’s success within the magnetics industry”, states Michael Lyness, Sales Engineer at Goudsmit UK.“We are hopeful that the UK Magnetics Society will continue to be a key part of our sales and marketing strategy, providing not only key networking opportunities, but guidance and advice that will continue to strengthen our brand in this ever-growing sector.”To get in touch with Goudsmit UK contact Sales Engineer, Michael Lyness:T: +44 (0) 2890 271 001D: +44 (0)2890 269029E: [email protected]


Alan was born on the 13th May 1926 in Sleaford, Lincs. He attended

University College, Nottingham from 1947 to 1949 and obtained his first degree - BSc Special Physics (London University). Following his graduation he was employed as a research Physicist working on non-destructive testing of steels using magnetic methods at Appleby Frodingham Steel Co Ltd in Scunthorpe. In 1950 Alan moved to Nottingham and obtained a job as a research Physicist working on the production of wires, flexes and polymers at Fine Wires, Ltd.Alan started studying magnetics in earnest in 1952. He moved to Sheffield and took up a research post at the central research laboratory of the Permanent Magnet Association (PMA) to work on a joint project with the PMA and the Electrical Research Association on the effect of temperature on the properties of Alcomax (AlNiCo). During his time at the PMA, Alan was awarded, as an external student, by the University of London, an MSc for a dissertation on Magnetocrystaline Anisotropy, and for a thesis on the effect of magnetic fields and temperature on the properties of Alcomax. This was followed by a PhD for a thesis on the sub-zero properties of permanent magnets. This established Alan as an expert on the stability of permanent magnets.In 1959 Alan became the Head of the Physics Laboratory at the English Steel Corporation, Sheffield and Manchester. This company was a large-scale producer of alloy steels including rotors for power stations, castings for electromagnets and permanent magnets. The Physics Laboratory was actively engaged in research and measurements of the physical and magnetic properties of steels and magnets.Alan’s next move was into academia and he was appointed to a senior lecturing post at Sunderland Polytechnic in 1969; this subsequently became the University of Sunderland. He quickly progressed to the post of principal lecturer.During his Academic career Alan was instrumental in setting up a successful CNAA MSc in Solid State Science. He was director of studies of 10 successful PhD students and supervisor of 4 successful M Phil students. In 1975 after the closure of the Permanent Magnet Association he jointly set up the Magnet Centre with Mr W. Wright, the former head of the PMA. Geoff Hilton met Alan in 1975 when Alan interviewed him for a job in the Magnet Centre. He recalled "Alan was very impressive when he picked up a

large hammer with a very small magnet, that I found out later to be samarium cobalt. I was hooked, and from that point on he began to teach me about the fascinating subject of magnetics."Under Alan’s guidance, as Head of Laboratory, the Magnet Centre went from strength to strength, gaining British Calibration Service approval in 1984 for the measurement and calibration of magnetic materials and instrumentation. This approval continued under the auspices of the National Measurement and Accreditation Service (NAMAS) and the United Kingdom Accreditation Service (UKAS) until the Magnet Centre’s closure in 2007. As well as setting up and running the Magnet Centre, Alan also found time to revise and publish a book Permanent Magnets in Theory and Practice, originally by Dr M McCaig (who died in 1978). It is a leading monograph on the applied aspects of permanent magnetism. The revision included bringing the

material up to date and introducing details of the new magnet material, NdFeB, which has now become one of the most important magnet materials. He also wrote Magnetic Materials and their Properties, a chapter in Smithells Metals Reference Book, 7th edition. This included the magnetic properties of the elements, details of soft and hard magnetic materials and weakly magnetic low permeability steels. Smithells is a major reference book and has more recently been reprinted in the United States without alteration to this chapter.In 1969 the IEC set up technical committee TC68: Magnetic Alloys and Steels, covering all aspects of standardisation for magnetic measurements and material specifications for hard and soft magnetic materials, an important milestone in magnetics technology, and the British Standards Institution set up Technical Committee, ISE 108, which liaises very closely with TC68. Alan was actively involved in both committees from their

Professor Alan G Clegg, BSc, MSc, PhD, DSc


outset. He joined Working Group 5 of TC68 on hard magnetic materials, as the UK expert on permanent magnets and magnetic testing. He attended over 15 International (IEC) meetings as the UK expert on permanent magnets and magnetic testing in various countries including Japan, Korea, USA and China as well as European Countries, where his expertise in magnetics was very highly valued by the standards community and he always contributed fully to the development of the measurement and specification documents. His skills and knowledge were especially appreciated with the rapid development of the RE magnets which required new standards.Hugh Stanbury recalled that at one BSI meeting in Chiswick Alan arrived with

a bandaged head and a black eye, yet contributed fully to the agenda; the hotel Alan had been staying at had a fire evacuation during the night and the guests were shown out through a back door. However, Alan had not been warned about a concealed step in the darkness and he slipped and fell badly. Although hurt enough to require medical attention at A&E, instead of heading for home, Alan went into the meeting the next day. In 2006 he was one of the first to be awarded the IEC 1906 prize to commemorate the Centenary of the IEC.Alan retired from general academic life in 1991. He continued to do research and in 1994 was appointed Visiting Professor of Applied Magnetism and Magnetics at the University of Sunderland, a post he held until his death. In 2010 the University of Sunderland awarded him its highest degree of DSc, for the outstanding contribution Alan made to the subject of magnetics.In 2014, he was presented with the UK Magnetics Society’s Lifetime Contribution to Magnetics Award in recognition of his work both on permanent magnets and measurement of their properties, and in the standards committees of the IEC and BSI.

This award is presented annually to leading members of the worldwide magnetics community, and individuals are nominated based on their consistent support, work and achievements over many years which have significantly moved our knowledge and use of magnetics technologies forward. The committee unanimously adopted Alan’s nomination, many of them having been directly involved

in or influenced by his work over the years.Geoff Hilton wrote that “from the first time I met Alan he was very generous to me passing on his knowledge every day I was with him. He encouraged me to further my academic studies. He introduced me to BSI and IEC. I, and many others who have worked with Alan, owe him a huge debt of gratitude for giving us all the opportunities possible.

Alan always had a knack of getting the best out of people. “I have known many fine people in my lifetime, and I can say that Alan is one of the finest. He had an enormous depth of knowledge about permanent magnetism, magnetic materials and metallurgy in general. Alan was one of a few people

that could cross a wide field of science with a very practical background.“Alan taught me all I know about the subject of magnetics and magnetic metrology. I have many very fond memories of years I knew him. I am honoured to have called him my friend and he was always a gentleman.”Alan made a point of never missing a Society Ewing Event while he was able to travel, his last one being the JLR at Castle Bromwich in 2014. This dedication may have had something to do with his routine of pre-event drinks at the Institute of Directors and post-event breakfasts at Fortnum and Masons with John Dudding. Alan made a point at the end of every Society event he attended to publicly thank the chairs for their work.On a personal note, Alan married Jennifer at Holy Trinity Church in Nottingham in January 1954 and had two children, Robert born in 1958 and Elizabeth born in 1962. He was always interested in cricket and had a remote family connection to Hunter Hendry who played for Australia during the inter-war years. He was always a keen supporter of Scunthorpe United FC, which is apt since their nickname is The Iron!


Bill was born in Totton, Hampshire in 1930, to Maurice Trowbridge,

the owner of a dairy business, and his wife, Constance (nee Sherrell), a cook. He retained vivid memories of his wartime childhood in Lymington. Educated at Brockenhurst grammar school and HMS Conway naval training school (1946-48), he spent the first eight years of his working life in the merchant navy. When not yet 20, he was diagnosed with malaria and spent months in hospital in Buenos Aires. During that time he wrote a play. He posted the manuscript to a friend, but the play was lost.While on leave back in the UK, he met Rita Creed at Crewkerne fair, Somerset. After their marriage in 1954, Bill decided to leave the sea. He was taken on as a scientific assistant at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment, also known as Harwell Laboratory, in Oxfordshire. Rita, a primary school teacher, supported Bill while he studied part-time to obtain a degree in Physics from the University of London, following which he moved over to the Rutherford Laboratory to work as a research scientist.It was here he started his serious work in the field of Computational Electromagnetics (CEM).In 1971 he was appointed Group Leader of the Computing Applications Group, Applied Physics Division. The position involved areas of research of both numerical algorithms and interactive graphics of CAD software, mainly for electromagnetic applications. He very quickly built a reputation as a key figure in this field of research, with

many people from around the world coming to visit and work at Rutherford. As a result, the COMPUMAG series of conferences came into being. Bill was instrumental in forming the conferences, and in 1976 he was Chair of the first conference, held at St Catherine’s College, Oxford in 1976 (famed for many years after as the Rubber Duck Conference, in memory of the conference dinner). The conferences, a crucial part of global CEM research and development, have continued ever since, being held every alternate year.At that first COMPUMAG meeting, although it was a very informal affair, Bill managed to pull together a group of people who would now be recognised as the founders of the CEM community. That meeting laid the groundwork and directions for the research which has been conducted for the past forty years.Within the UK, Bill set up a variety of Special Interest Groups covering electromagnetics and computer graphics, bringing together key people in industry and academia together to specify the requirements for what has now become general purpose simulation software for electromagnetic design.In 1992, Bill initiated the COMPUMAG Society. With Jan Sykulski as the first (and, so far, only) Secretary, it brings together researchers from across the world into a single community, and has organised the COMPUMAG Conference as its main focus for many years.Bill co-founded Vector Fields Ltd in 1984, a company specialising

in developing and selling in electromagnetic design software worldwide, becoming first its Chairman and then the first President of Vector Fields Inc in 1988. In 1992 the company received the Queen’s Award for Technological Achievement. Subsequently taken over by Cobham as the Opera suite of tools, it is now part of Dassault Systemès.Also in 1992 Bill was elected to the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences as a foreign member, and received the IEE Innovation medal. In the 1993 New Year Honours he was appointed by HM Queen Elizabeth II an Officer of the British Empire (OBE) for services to science and exports. In 1995 he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the Technical University of Graz, and he also received Visiting Professorships at Imperial College London, King’s College London and the University of Genoa in Italy, and was awarded a DSc by the University of London.The UK Magnetics Society’s Ewing Events are prestigious annual events bringing together magnetics specialists from many different fields, and during the 2001 Ewing “On the Fringe of the Magnetic Field”, Bill presented the 15th Ewing Lecture “The Computer Modelling of Electromagnetic Devices: Past Achievements, Current Status and Future Expectations”. He was awarded the Society’s Lifetime Contribution to Magnetics award in 2018 “in recognition of his outstanding contribution to the field of computational electromagnetics, specifically his work in developing

Charles William (Bill) Trowbridge, BSC, DSc, OBE


simulation software and encouraging its adoption in both academia and industry”. This award is presented annually to leading members of the worldwide magnetics community, and individuals are nominated based on their consistent support, work and achievements over many years which have significantly moved our knowledge and use of magnetics technologies forward.Today, the use of electromagnetic simulation software has become a key part of the design process, and it is fair to say that every major electromagnetic software company was in some way inspired by Bill’s work, or has relied on research disseminated through the COMPUMAG Society. Lifelong friend and colleague Ernie Freeman said: “He was absolutely central to the birth and development of computational

electromagnetics. His work was truly seminal. No one, worldwide, could miss out on what Bill was doing or planning. They came from all over. No one, but no one, had his status.”As a result, Bill’s work is built into the fabric of the modern world. Dave Lowther summarises the work of the COMPUMAG Community, and hence Bill’s legacy, very well: “Computational electromagnetics is now widely used in industry and academia – hardly an electromagnetic device from motors and sensors to cell phones and RFID devices is created without using computer based simulation tools which have come into existence through the efforts of the community led by Bill – and every one of us owns hundreds of these devices. The impact of his work has been astonishing even if it is not widely recognised in the public arena.”The magnetics community owes Bill a huge debt of gratitude for all the work, enthusiasm and guidance he put into making us what we are today. He was a giant in the field and his presence will be sorely missed.Throughout his life Bill had a passion for the arts, and loved the music of Elgar and Rameau. Leave in London, between ships, was mostly spent at the theatre or opera.Bill formed many close friendships with colleagues, not only in Europe but also in the Americas and China, where he gave a series of lectures in 1984. He had a special ability to support others. He published widely on electromagnetics. In later life he wrote two volumes of autobiography.Rita died in 2007, but Bill is survived by his two children, Dinah and Simon, and by his brother, David.

Bill Trowbridge enjoying an almost ritual whisky after a long and exhausting conference day.


News

Strathclyde University has opened a new applied superconductivity laboratory to

help advance technologies for energy and transportation power systems.As energy systems transition from fossil fuels to renewables in the drive towards net zero carbon operation, superconducting technologies could play an invaluable role in delivering required power densities.The technologies could also contribute to the realisation of higher power systems critical to flight electrification. Practical

Strathclyde open state of the art applied supercon lab

applications of superconductors are still being investigated, but one of the most widely used applications are in hospital MRI machines.A launch event at Strathclyde brought together academics and industry partners with an interest in applied superconductivity and power-dense technologies and systems.Vice-Principal of the University, Prof Scott MacGregor, said: “The new laboratory's location within the Technology and Innovation Centre and our collaborations

with other Strathclyde facilities will establish a unique combination of superconducting technology, electrical power systems and manufacturing methods specialists.“The laboratory will work together with other key facilities, including the Power Networks Demonstration Centre (PNDC) and the Advanced Forming Research Centre (AFRC).A core team of 12 researchers will be supported by the wider team of around 270 electrical power specialists in the Institute for Energy and Environment at Strathclyde.Collaborative partners on existing work include Airbus

and Epoch Wires. Programme funders include EPSRC and Innovate UK, the British Council, and the Royal Academy of Engineering, who also funded two Engineering research fellowships for the new laboratory’s academic leads.For more information, please contact:Prof Weijia Yuan: [email protected] Min Zhang: [email protected]

MR Solutions has installed the first 7T PET/MR preclinical imaging system

in Israel. The dry magnet system is helping to advance medical research at the Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, part of the Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center in Jerusalem. The system has a large axial 15 cm field of view which can be used for viewing the whole body of a rat, or other subjects in molecular detail. Simultaneous imaging, using both MRI and PET imaging at the same time, is possible as the MRI system has a PET module inserted within the bore of the dry magnet. The resulting images are a combination of the two imaging modalities for tracking anatomical, metabolic and molecular changes. Using both PET and MRI simultaneously improves the quality of the research as there is no time delay between the two techniques. Prof. Rinat Abramovitch who is the Director of the Wohl Institute is undertaking therapeutic peptide research for some currently unmet clinical needs in oncology. Prof. Abramovitch explained: “We have already made positive findings with our peptide injections to inhibit tumour growth in research subjects. Now using the latest

MR Solutions installs the first 7 T PET / MR integrated imaging system in Israel

PET-MR simultaneous imaging this will facilitate more detailed research and better understanding of what is happening at molecular level.”The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine was established recently thanks to a generous donation from the Wohl Legacy in the UK. The Wohl Institute will serve as an infrastructure hub for studying models of human diseases such as cancer, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, metabolic diseases. The Wohl Institute offers state-of-the-art technologies enabling visualization, digitization, and image analysis spanning from molecular resolution up to in-vivo imaging in order to elucidate the underlying diseases mechanisms and further the development of tailored drugs. Their remit is to translate their findings from the laboratory into the clinic to directly benefit patients.The PET/MR system is interchangeable as the PET module can be removed from within the magnet of the MRI system facilitating a larger bore for bigger research subjects. It can then be used independently as a separate imaging system depending on the research requirements. Or, it could be used with MR Solutions’ separate CT system for sequential PET-CT imaging.

MR Solutions’ preclinical imaging systems won the prestigious Queen’s Awards for Enterprise for Innovation in 2016 and 2019. The company has over 30 years’ experience and in excess of 2000 installations across the world. Its unique liquid helium free MRI scanners are renowned for their excellence in terms of superior soft tissue contrast and molecular imaging quality. For more information, please visitwww.mrsolutions.com


NewsN

ews

5203

123mm

Bz

By

Bx 74mm

Flux Lines : 5201 Electromagnet3 Flux Lines: 5203 Electromagnet1,3

3View is cross-section above the face of the magnet, through center and parallel to x-axis. 0.0 1.0

Color Key, Total B Field (Tesla)

10mm10mm

5201 - In-Plane Projected Field Peak Field, Bx: >0.3T

5203 - Vertical Projected Field Peak Field, Bz: >0.5T over Ø2mm1

>0.8T at a single point2

1Type “A” Pole 2Type “D” Pole

www.gmw.com • [email protected]

5204 - Vector Projected Field Peak Field, any vector: >0.3T

5205 - Vertical Projected Field Peak Field, Bz: >25mT over Ø40mm

Projected Field ElectromagnetsMiniature electromagnets with “projected” magnetic field to provide open access to the surface of thin film samples for laser, synchrotron radiation, electrical, or microscope probes.

GMW-Ad-Magnet-PF-14DEC2015-MagNewsMagazine.pdf 1 12/15/2015 11:52:04 AM

SIGA Electronics Ltd, a UK manufacturer of high-quality transformers and other wound

components in the ETAL Group, has invested in its Sandy, Bedfordshire manufacturing site increasing its manufacturing capacity and broadening the range of magnetic solutions it can offer customers. SIGA has invested in a larger bobbin winding machine, which can wind heavier gauge wire and copper strip, allowing it to offer customers larger transformers with a higher current carrying capacity and higher power ratings. SIGA has also purchased a Wayne Kerr Precision Magnetics Analyzer ref 3260B, a state of the art instrument which can characterise magnetics components fully under a wide range of circuit conditions. The new instrument enhances the speed and throughput of SIGA’s quality control, which includes 100% electrical testing of every device followed by a visual check. Richard Thrussell, General Manager of SIGA Electronics, “We are continually investing

SIGA enhances Bedfordshire magnetics facility with major investmentin our business to ensure that our equipment is state of the art. The new systems in our manufacturing and final test areas allows us to offer higher power transformers allowing us to expand our production capabilities and increase our customer base. The investment demonstrates the commitment of our new parent company, KAMIC, to SIGA’s business success.”SIGA occupies a purpose built, 15,000 sq. ft. factory where over 50 employees produce a wide range of high quality transformers and inductors. A custom engineering team is based at the same location. SIGA supplies wound components conforming to international standards, including EN61558, EN60601, and EN60950, and in addition a range of standard and custom toroidal transformers UL Approved to UL506. The facility holds ISO 9001:2015 (Quality Management System), ISO 14001:2015 (Environmental Management System) and ISO 45001:2018 (Occupational Health and Safety Management System). It has also been granted approval by a number of national and international companies in the electronics, aerospace and medical industries.

SIGA Electronics Ltd is a leading manufacturer of all types of toroidal and bobbin wound components, and associated assemblies. Established in 1961, the company has steadily expanded and market sectors supplied include: medical, aerospace, railways, satellite, test equipment, underwater vehicles (ROVs), as well as the general electronics industries. SIGA is able to manufacture and supply any quantity from 1 off to many thousands off and are able to design to meet customers’ electrical specification, or can build to print.Since 1968, ETAL Group has been a leading supplier of in-house developed high-performance magnetic components, primarily transformers and inductors. ETAL represents the magnetics business area in the KAMIC Group and is a leading supplier of magnetic components for the telecom, power technology, automotive and defence industries. ETAL develops, manufactures and sells magnetic components to a world-wide market through offices in Europe, Asia and the USA and through distribution partners in an additional 20 countries. Production takes place at the company's own facilities in Estonia and Sri Lanka as well as through production partners in Asia.For more information about ETAL please visitwww.etalgroup.com


ePropelled opened its doors in Boott Mills, Massachusetts,

USA, in November 2019, launching an innovative electro-magnetic propulsion technology and bringing back manufacturing to Massachusetts. ePropelled Boott Mills site will house its corporate and engineering headquarters, which will oversee its operations in Europe and Asia, and the company expects to open an additional location for a full-scale manufacturing center in the greater Lowell area within 6-9 months.ePropelled CEO Nick Grewal determined that Electronica UK and SwimDrive, both of the UK, were producin advanced, patented products in electrical motor technologies, and he formed ePropelled Inc. out of those acquisitions. The company has retained its Cardiff, Wales, UK, office as an innovation centre.ePropelled’s patented magnetic gearing motor produces a more efficient method of electric propulsion at various torque and speed levels. It can deliver a 25% improvement in efficiency and an increase in performance. In the propulsion market, this translates into reduced cost by requiring fewer battery packs or extending range, or a combination of the two.ePropelled’s Founder and CEO, Nick Grewal, is an experienced technology entrepreneur and investor in over forty high tech companies. He has served on a number of company boards and as an advisor for venture capital firms in the Boston area. Nick has served as a Vice President at Cisco Systems and has led engineering, business development, and operational teams as an executive at CrossCom, Proteon,

New company ePropelled brings manufacturing back to Lowell, USA

Fibronics and Compugraphics.Grewal says, “I truly believe that electro-magnetic motors and propulsion is the wave of the future. Electric vehicles are starting to take off and this product could revolutionise the industry with cost and space reduction. We are at the intersection of research and ‘everything electric’ and ePropelled is in the right place at the right time.”ePropelled’s Global Chief Technology Officer, Nabeel Shirazee, studied Electrical and Electronic Engineering at Leicester University, and his Master’s in Magnetic Engineering at Cardiff University where he continued his Ph.D. studies and developed a permanent magnet lifting system that was patented by Cardiff University, and awarded the “World’s No 1 Invention” at INPEX in the USA. He has been involved with various challenging projects, including the design of an actuator motor for a British aerospace company. Shirazee says, “I have spent most of my adult life researching and perfecting this product. It is a dream come true to finally bring it to production. The market is ready for it now and the opportunity for this motor to become the electric motor of choice for every vehicle or device is a real possibility.” ePropelled is a leader in magnetic engineering innovations which dramatically improve electric motor and generator efficiency for propulsion applications in aviation, aerospace and electric vehicles as well as industrial uses. Their combination of motor design with software control produces a much more efficient method of electric propulsion at various torque and speed levels. Originally formed as Electronica, the

company has already won several grant awards from the Welsh Government, the Technology Strategy Board and the Carbon Trust for innovative designs.Nick DeSilvio will oversee the company’s manufacturing development plan, implementing best-in-class production, and providing strategic direction on becoming ISO 9001 certified. Nick brings over 30 years of senior manufacturing and operations management experience to ePropelled. His previous roles include Director of Operations at Triasys Technologies Corp and Protium Technologies Inc. where he was one of the founders and

managing partners. Nick also served as Vice President of U.S. Operations for Unique Broadband Systems and Vice President of Operations at SierraCom for over 12 years supporting the telecommunications industry. His experience covers Logistics, Inventory Control, Manufacturing, Customer Service, Quality Assurance, Planning, Program Management, Facilities, and Security.ePropelled has 7 different patented innovations using magnetic technology to create starter generators and power management units.Their magnetic gearing technology is a combination of motor design and software control that produces a more efficient method of electric propulsion at various torque and speed levels. ePropelled's series of slim line starter generators have a patent pending active air-cooling system that allows them to operate in temperatures in excess of 200°C. A unique adapter allows bearingless mounting of the starter generator directly on to engines. The outer rotor series has the lowest weight in its class with outstanding power density.Their power management units have a high level of flexibility to meet exact requirements, using a modular design and all secondary outputs are programmable. An optional Electronic Engine Starter function on the starter generator starts the engine, and once the engine is up to speed, the Power Management Unit delivers regulated voltages. If for any reason the starter generator stops working, a backup battery can automatically come online and provide the regulated voltages for a fixed duration, depending on battery size.For more information, please visitwww.epropelled.com


New

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Innovation Metals and Hexagon Resources form JV for the commercialisation of RapidSX technology for RE separationInnovation Metals Corp. (IMC) have

announced the execution of a binding Investment Agreement with Hexagon Resources Ltd on the formation of American Innovation Metals Inc. (AIM), a new joint-venture company focused on the commercialisation of IMC’s RapidSX™ technology for RE separation.Hexagon is an Australian-listed energy-materials development company, with natural-flake graphite assets in Australia and the USA. The company has recently pivoted its graphite-development strategy from upstream mine development to now focusing solely on the downstream processing of graphite and other energy materials in the United States. This ongoing work has led to the development of a strong technical and commercial network in North America, and it was through this network that Hexagon was introduced to IMC.The $2 million investment by Hexagon will be utilised to build a commercial demonstration plant in North America. The plant will have a planned production capacity of 60,000 to 80,000 kg of RE oxides per year, with construction and commissioning planned for completion in Q3 2020. The investment will also be utilised to complete the protection of the RapidSX IP via global patent applications.“IMC has long recognised the need for cost-effective RE separation and purification capabilities in the USA

and beyond,” commented Dr. Gareth Hatch, Chairman and CEO of IMC. “In addition to ongoing US-China trade tensions, in recent years the authorities in China have been more strictly enforcing environmental protection and pollution-control measures, leading to the closure of non-conforming industrial plants and facilities. The RE industry is no exception, and these steps have led to a gradual reduction in RE production capacity, tightening supply. The joint venture with Hexagon represents a unique opportunity to support the much-needed diversification of the REE supply chain, and we look forward to working with the Hexagon team to realise our shared objectives.”IMC developed the RapidSX separation technology with the assistance of $1.8 million in funding from the US Department of Defense, resulting in the production of commercial-grade separated RE oxidess at the pilot scale.RapidSX combines the time-proven chemistry of solvent extraction with a new column-based platform, which significantly reduces time to completion and plant footprint, as well as lowering capital and operating costs. It has also been successfully applied to the separation and purification of other metals in solution, such as Ni, Co and Fe in leach solutions produced from Ni laterite ores, as well as Li from Li brines.

Mike Rosenstreich, Managing Director of Hexagon said "Without downstream capacity to separate and purify REs, the USA and its allies are vulnerable to potential supply disruptions, price spikes and trade disagreements related to REs. It is our intention to remedy this situation with the successful commercialisation of the RapidSX approach to REs.”The demonstration plant will be used to conduct staged scoping- to feasibility-level studies on the performance, capital and operating costs of a full-scale, RapidSX-based REE separation plant.Initial commercialisation by AIM will focus on licencing of the RapidSX technology to mixed REE chemical-concentrate producers for fixed and revenue-based fee structures. Ahead of these licensing agreements, clients will have the opportunity to utilise the CDP to test the separation of their mixed REE chemical concentrates, while covering the plant operating costs.Following Hexagon’s initial investment, AIM could potentially be self-funding through to commercialisation with operating costs covered via client projects. It may also attract government grants and incentives, particularly from the USA, with respect to the future construction of a US-based independent, full-scale RapidSX-based REE separation plant, to be owned and operated by AIM.

A world-class Cardiff University research centre to develop magnetic

materials that can drive future energy, power and transport systems will be backed by over £1m of EU funds, the Welsh Government has announced.Magnetic Materials and Applications (MAGMA) aims to become a hub of expertise in the processing, characterisation, manufacturing and recycling of specialist magnetic materials.The EU funds will be matched by £1m from the University and private sector to develop the £2.1m hub.The Magnetics Group in the School of Engineering was established in Cardiff in 1969. It has built a worldwide reputation, particularly for its expertise in electrical steels.The MAGMA investment will build on the Group’s expertise by investing in state-of-the-art facilities and academic insight. The aim is to establish MAGMA as the European centre of excellence for magnetic materials within five to seven years.

Professor Rudolf Allemann, Pro Vice-Chancellor and Head of College of Physical Sciences and Engineering, said: “MAGMA’s research plays a crucial role in driving next generation technologies for a greener, cleaner planet. The necessary shift from fossil fuels towards a sustainable society with associated substantial reductions in emissions will not happen without continued development of key materials.”MAGMA's academic team will consist of: Dr Phil Anderson, Dr Jeremy Hall and Professor Sam Evans from the School of Engineering, together with Professor Phil Davies from the School of Chemistry.

The EU funding will allow two new academic appointments to be openly recruited - drawing from external talent pools with established track records of excellence - plus two industrially seconded research staff with existing expertise.The Group’s core areas of research include modelling and electromagnetic design, electrical machine manufacturing, fundamental magnetic material properties, material process technology development and magnetic separation and grading for recycling.

EU backing for world-class magnetics research


MAGNETISING EQUIPMENT SOLUTIONS

Industrial Magnetisers

• Voltage standards – 800V, 3000V and 5000V• Energies from 12.5kJ to 100kJ• Multiple fixture outputs• PLC can be interfaced with automatic handling & safety systems• Optional custom designed control panel

Custom Built Magnet Setters

• Voltage standards - 1000V• Energies from 100 - 200J• Inbuilt magnet flux density measurement (optional)• Sensor magnet calibration

Bench Top & Laboratory Magnetisers

• Output voltages 0 to 3000V• Peak energy output 4.5kj• Optional quick fixture connect plugs• Charger-fixture control via PLC interface• Peak current measurement

Bunting’s range of magnetisers can be used in both industrial, and laboratory / research environments. All our ranges are PLC controlled, with fixture temperature monitoring and optional HMI interfaces.

+44 (0)1442 875081 / [email protected]


New

s

Bunting sponsored the HYPED Hyperloop team from the University

of Edinburgh as they competed in the global SpaceX Hyperloop competition in 2019. The team is dedicated to accelerating the development of Hyperloop and its implementing technology in the UK.SpaceX held the first Hyperloop Pod Competition in 2015. Through a competitive environment, SpaceX aimed to promote and support the development of functional Hyperloop prototypes and encourage innovation. Student teams from around the world were tasked with designing and building the best high-speed pod.What Is A Hyperloop?A Hyperloop is a conceptually revolutionary mode of transportation. The Hyperloop is a near-vacuum sealed tube or system of tubes through which a pod may travel free of air resistance or friction. It is exceptionally energy-efficient and can allow the pod to travel at very high speeds.In 2012, entrepreneur and engineer Elon Musk introduced his version of the concept. The Hyperloop Alpha concept was published in August 2013, with proposals for a route between the Los Angeles

HYPED Compete in SpaceX Hyperloop Competitionregion to the San Francisco Bay Area. Many transport experts remain sceptical, citing build costs as a significant limiting factor and even claiming that the idea is “completely impractical”. However, this has not stopped Elon Musk’s SpaceX further developing the concept.The HYPED TeamThe HYPED team at the University of Edinburgh was founded in 2015 and had grown to over 200 registered student team members by 2019. The members’ wide range of skills and experience allows HYPED to excel in developing the Hyperloop. Since 2015, the HYPED team has achieved several key milestones including:• January 2016 – SpaceX Subsystem

Technical Excellence award;• August 2017 – One of 24 Finalists at

SpaceX Hyperloop Pod competition II;• September 2017 – Hyperloop One

Global Challenge winner;• July 2018 – One of Top 6 Teams at SpaceX

Hyperloop Pod Competition III Finals;• July 2019 – Finalists at SpaceX

Hyperloop Pod Competition IV;• HYPED Hyperloop Poddy II (2018)• Design overview of HYPED’s Poddy II (2018)

In 2019, HYPED built their 3rd Pod with the focus on a more integrated, feasible, and scale-able design, with greater top speed. The Magnet ComponentAs with many new environment initiatives (e.g. wind turbines and electric vehicles), high-powered Rare Earth Magnets play an important role in the Hyperloop pod design.A Halbach Module is used to produce contactless propulsion. A Halbach array is a specific arrangement of a series of permanent magnets, with a spatially rotating pattern of magnetism which cancels the field on one side but boosts it on the other. The major advantages of Halbach arrays are that they can produce strong magnetic fields on one side whilst creating a very small stray field on the opposite side. This effect is best understood by observing the magnetic flux distribution.A permanent magnetic assembly with high-powered Neodymium Rare Earth Magnets is used as levitation skis and emergency brakes.

“The Hyperloop concept has the potential of revolutionising transportation,” explained Matthew Swallow, one of Bunting’s Magnet Design Engineers. “Magnets and magnetic principles are an important part of the Pod design. Subsequently, we wanted to show our support by sponsoring the HYPED team.”2019 Hyperloop CompetitionSpaceX staged the fourth competition – Hyperloop Pod Competition IV – in July 2019. In all, twenty-one teams took part, representing universities from around the world including India, Australia, France, USA, Spain, and the United Kingdom.The HYPED team from the University of Edinburgh was one of three UK-based teams entering the competition. In June 2019, the HYPED team unveiled The Flying Podsman, their 3rd Generation Hyperloop Pod prototype. The latest pod was the culmination of eleven months work following the Hyperloop Pod Competition III in July 2018.The Flying Podsman was a great example of engineering ingenuity. In particular, the Arc Synchronous Motors exhibited a revolutionary new form of magnetic propulsion and braking.In the competition, the HYPED team was thwarted by a late stage technical fault. This prevented the Pod setting a top speed. The Pod’s performance in all other testing was superb, passing all mechanical tests and fit checks, certifying the chassis and other structural components. The software and electronics performed as intended during testing, as did the cutting-edge Arc Synchronous Motors. Having successfully completed the battery tests, The Flying Podsman was given the all clear for a functional test. Unfortunately, a fault with the brakes prevented any further participation. Despite the set-back, the development programme continues with the HYPED team aiming to create a fully functioning The Flying Podsman.The designs for the new Pod are already taking shape and the HYPED team has revealed that for POD2020 they will be pursuing full magnetic levitation, propulsion and braking – the Hyperloop Holy Trinity.“We congratulate the HYPED team on their achievements,” said Matthew Swallow, Bunting’s Magnet Design Engineer. “Engineering success is only achieved through continual development, embracing the moments when design plans do not go to plan. Overcoming those hurdles will result in a better final engineered solution. We are proud to have sponsored the team.”For more information, please visitwww.buntingeurope.comorwww.spacex.com/hyperloop

Images of Poddy McPodface, HYPED's first prototype pod, produced for the 2016/7 competition


Technical

In this age of electric mobility and miniaturisation rare earth alloys and the permanent magnets made from them are constantly gaining in importance. A decisive factor for the quality and properties of permanent magnets is a narrow particle size distribution with the lowest possible fraction of finest (<2 µm) and coarsest particles (>8 µm).

With jet mills and ultra-fine classifiers made by NETZSCH, sensitive Nd-Fe-B-compounds and Sm-Co-compounds or other rare earth alloys can be ground reliably to fine powders under inert gas operation giving a narrow particle size distribution and defined upper particle size limit with reproducible results.

For grinding these alloys NETZSCH has developed the optimised high-density bed jet mill M-JET. This machine also offers the possibility of the automatic extraction of components which are difficult to grind during operation without contaminating the plant peripheral parts with impurities. This feature makes

Extraction of difficult to grind components when grinding rare earth powdersFrank WinterNETZSCH Trockenmahltechnik GmbH

rapid and problem-free product change possible at all times.

Difficult-to-grind components when grinding rare earth alloysOne of these disadvantages is the formation of residues which are difficult to grind during grinding of rare earth alloys used for the manufacture of magnets. These residues consist mainly of neodymium or other rare earth fractions and iron. The residues are ductile and are difficult to grind in jet mills. Instead they tend to accumulate in the grinding chamber. Consequently, the throughput capacities decrease during the grinding process.When grinding rare earth alloys to be used for the manufacture of magnets (or other applications) residue deposits of difficult-to-grind components are frequently formed. In the case of Nd-Fe-B-alloys these consist mainly of neodymium, other rare earth fractions or iron. The residues are ductile and are difficult to grind in jet mills. Instead they tend to accumulate in the grinding chamber. Consequently, throughput capacities decrease during the grinding process and the productivity of the complete plant diminishes.In addition to this, if these components contaminate the final product, this has a negative effect on its magnetic characteristics. Furthermore, the accumulation of difficult-to-grind components can also modify the particle size distribution which also influences product quality. Another problem is the shift in the composition of the alloy of the rare earth powder due to selective grinding in the fluidised bed. Therefore, depending on the quality of the rare earth alloys it is necessary to remove the components which are difficult to grind from the grinding chamber at regular intervals.Extraction of Difficult to Grind Components from conventional Fluidised Bed Jet MillsThe extraction process in conventional jet mills is frequently a very time-consuming and complicated one which is usually carried out dependent on the speed of the mill – typically when 50 % of the standard throughput capacity has been reached.It is well-known that in the case of counter-rotating jet mills difficult-to-

grind components are extracted by reducing the classifier speed. This process is often assisted by using floor nozzles (Figure 1), which, however, are very easily prone to blockage due to their structural design installed on the floor of the machine.The complete extraction process in a conventional jet mill can take several hours, which in turn, due to the reduction of the classifier speed – can cause contamination with coarse, difficult-to-grind components in the complete plant. Therefore, the extraction process must always be followed by an adequate rinsing time. This means that production must be interrupted for a longer period.At the end of the extraction process, the fluidised bed must once again be filled with powder. During filling, shifts in the particle size distribution and throughput capacity and selective grinding can occur (Figure 3), which can lead to a shift in the alloy components of the ground powder.Due to the large volume of the grinding chamber (fluidised bed) of fluidised bed jet mills the process of mixing and homogenisation of the fluidised bed can take up to one hour. With these mills, constant throughput capacities and particle size distributions are not obtained until after this time.When using fluidised bed jet mills, the best product quality can always only be obtained if the mill is operated without interruption with a fluidised bed of a constant mass. However, this is only possible for a limited time period.The Solution from NETZSCH: Extraction of Difficult to Grind Components from Spiral Jet Mills of type M-JETTo combat the disadvantages of conventional fluidised bed jet mills mentioned above, the engineers at NETZSCH developed a spiral jet mill with an integrated dynamic air classifier. The M-JET combines the advantages of a fluidised bed jet mill with those of a spiral jet mill and is therefore the ideal mill for grinding rare earth powders. A highest possible reproducible fineness can be obtained independent of the load in the gas jets. The problem of extraction of difficult-to-grind components has been elegantly solved by experts and is carried out directly from the grinding chamber during operation of the M-JET.

Figure 1: Diagram of a Fluidized Bed Jet Mill with Floor Nozzle

Product feed (1), floor nozzle (2), grinding chamber (3), classifier wheel with drive (4)


Technical

This process can easily be automated. By decreasing the duty cycle, reductions in the throughput capacity can be detected. When a specified value is reached, a flap installed in the piping to the filter opens, and the product is pressed out of the mill by the overpressure in the grinding chamber. During this process, the classifier wheel operates via the bypass. The contents of the mill are then discharged directly into the downstream dust filter via a separate piping, which is only used for emptying the mill.

As the good product is taken directly from the cyclone, there is no contamination of the plant. Figure 2 shows the layout of the extraction piping in a laboratory plant of type M-JET 10.A further application problem is the rapid and complete emptying of the grinding chamber when changing the product. This system can also be used effectively for this purpose although the process of emptying the grinding chamber can naturally also be initiated manually.Thanks to the small volume of the grinding chamber in the spiral

jet mill M-JET, phenomena, which usually occur when using a fluidised bed jet mill, such as shifting of the product size distribution of the ground powder and sinking of throughput capacity are extremely rare (Figure 3). In comparison to classic fluidised bed jet mills, the grinding chamber volume of the M-JET -series is lower by a factor of 25 to 40. Thus, an M-JET 50 with a gas throughput of between 1200 and 1500 m³ / h requires an active filling

of approximately 6 - 10 kg of powder during grinding. The filling of similar sized jet mills is between 150 and 250 kg for Nd-Fe-B-alloy powders.The Extraction Process in the M-JET in detailIn Figure 4 the extraction process of the active powder filling from the grinding chamber is depicted in a graph: the grinding chamber of the laboratory mill M-JET 10 was emptied at set time intervals. The decrease of the classifier power during and after the emptying process can be seen clearly. After each emptying the fineness of the cyclone product and the mass and fineness of the extracted powder in the filter was measured. The fineness (d50) of the cyclone product was around d50 = 2.95 µm and remained relatively constant over the complete operating time. It was also shown that there were almost no fluctuations in the d50 fineness of the contents of the mill, collected in the dust filter. On average the extracted mass was around 330 g. The extracted product does not leave the inert closed loop process. Therefore, there is no danger of powder burning during the extraction process and no additional dust filters are necessary, as the dust filter installed in each plant is used for this purpose.After the contents of the grinding chamber have been extracted, the mill

Figure 2: Laboratory plant M-JET 10 with extraction pipe in the dust filter

Figure 3: Comparison between M-JET and Fluidized Bed Jet Mill during start-/stop-procedures

Technical


delivers specification-compliant product again within 10 minutes. This represents a significant saving of time in

comparison to conventional fluidised bed jet mills. The time required for the extraction of the product out of the grinding chamber as well as the reaching of a constant product quality can be transferred 1:1 to M-JET production scale mills.In Hanau near Frankfurt in Germany, NETZSCH Trockenmahltechnik has a well-appointed laboratory for tests with rare earth powders. In this lab, it is possible to carry out grinding tests on the fluidised bed jet mill of type CGS and on the spiral jet mill with integrated classifier of type M-JET with integrated extraction of product components which are difficult to grind. Further optimisation of the particle size distribution is carried out by classifiying on the High-efficiency Fine Classifier m-CLASS in inert atmospheres. Many different analyses such as Malvern and REM can also be carried out in Hanau as well as ONH, OCN, ICP analyses in cooperation with a renowned institute. If required and requested by our customers, we can also carry out complete sinter programs including the identification of the magnetic properties of the sintered magnets in a Permagraph.

Figure. 4: Extraction of difficult-to-grind

components from the Spiral Jet Mill M-JET 10

HAWA Magnetische und leitfähige Werksto eNiederstraße 18 • D-40789 Monheim •GermanyTel.: +49 2173 1658-209 • Proprietor: Harald Wanner

[email protected]

The reliable supply of excellent raw materials at fair condi-tions forms the basis for competitive industrial production. So it‘s good to know the right partner. A partner like HAWA Magnetische und leitfähige Werksto� e.

HAWA is a successful, owner-managed company that primarily specializes in trading in magnetic compounds for injection molding and ferrite powders. Today we are the world‘s largest distributor in this fi eld. A market share of 80 % makes us the market leader in Europe.

This success is based on our long-standing partnerships with market-leading manufacturers who are known across the globe for exceptional product quality:

Mate –Producer of polymer-bonded magnetic compounds and so� magnetic materials for injection molding.

Dowa – Producer of hard magnetic ferrite powders for manufacturing magnetic compounds.

In addition to pure procurement, we also o� er you com-prehensive consulting, individual support and profession-al logistics. That‘s what we mean by full service for our customers.

Make our experience and connections work for you. Benefi t from the best.

MagNews 2019 Issue 3 19HAWA Magnetische und leitfähige Werksto eNiederstraße 18 • D-40789 Monheim •GermanyTel.: +49 2173 1658-209 • Proprietor: Harald Wanner

[email protected]

The reliable supply of excellent raw materials at fair condi-tions forms the basis for competitive industrial production. So it‘s good to know the right partner. A partner like HAWA Magnetische und leitfähige Werksto� e.

HAWA is a successful, owner-managed company that primarily specializes in trading in magnetic compounds for injection molding and ferrite powders. Today we are the world‘s largest distributor in this fi eld. A market share of 80 % makes us the market leader in Europe.

This success is based on our long-standing partnerships with market-leading manufacturers who are known across the globe for exceptional product quality:

Mate –Producer of polymer-bonded magnetic compounds and so� magnetic materials for injection molding.

Dowa – Producer of hard magnetic ferrite powders for manufacturing magnetic compounds.

In addition to pure procurement, we also o� er you com-prehensive consulting, individual support and profession-al logistics. That‘s what we mean by full service for our customers.

Make our experience and connections work for you. Benefi t from the best.

Magnetic SkyrmionsProf Gerrit van der Laan, Diamond Light Source; Prof Thorsten Hesjedal, University of [email protected]; [email protected] on a presentation given at UK Magnetics Society seminar Future of Spintronics, Loughborough University, on 23rd January 2018

A magnetic skyrmion is a vortex-like spin whirl, which is ‘topologically

stable’ and has particle-like properties.Skyrmions, named after the British theorist Tony Skyrme, are topological soliton solutions to nonlinear field models which were introduced in the context of nuclear physics in the 1960s. At their core, skyrmions are topologically stable, vortex-like minimum-energy field configurations, characterised by a topological winding number which can only take integer values. Since then, skyrmions have made their way into many areas of physics, such as liquid crystals and quantum Hall systems, as well as magnetism. This idea, effectively of creating a new type of fundamental particle, has been realised with the discovery of skyrmions in magnetic materials. The confirmation of the existence of skyrmions in chiral magnets and of their self-organisation into a skyrmion lattice has made skyrmion physics arguably the hottest topic in magnetism research at the moment.Magnetic skyrmions are essentially two-dimensional objects, which extend along the applied field direction forming tubes or strings in a real crystal. To understand their special nature

better, let’s look at a single isolated skyrmion (in two dimensions). Each magnetic spin at a given position in the skyrmion texture is characterised by two angles. By mapping these spins

and their orientations onto a sphere in order-parameter space, the topological key property – the so-called winding number – can be easily determined. If each spin direction exists precisely

Figure 1: Illustration of the magnetization configurations of non-chiral (left) and chiral (right) skyrmions. The order parameter space objects (the spiky spheres above) can be projected

down onto the two-dimensional plane (the swirly disks below) by a stereographic projection, analogously of obtaining a map of Earth on a flat surface. The two configurations can be

transformed into each other by changing the helicity angle, which means in this case a 90° rotation about the z-axis (which can be most easily seen in the equatorial plane in which the

spikes change from pointing outwards to pointing along the surface).

What is usually meant by magnetic order in a common magnetic material is ferromagnetic

order, that is, the parallel alignment of the magnetic moments. The responsible microscopic interaction is the direct (or indirect) exchange coupling, which is generally strong and leads to the sizeable magnetic ordering temperatures required for most applications of magnetic materials. The closely related ferri- and antiferro-magnetic orders also rely on these exchange couplings (albeit with the opposite sign of their coupling constants), however, coupling two magnetic sublattices together with their moments pointing in opposite directions. For magnetic materials without an inversion centre, that is, materials for which the (x,y,z) and (-x,-y,-z) are not equivalent, another magnetic interaction emerges which comes from spin-orbit coupling. This interaction prefers to align adjacent spins perpendicular, as was first described by Dzyaloshinskii and Moriya (DM). Combined with the ‘normal’ exchange interaction, this leads to a twisting

of the magnetic moments in a special way, that is, the material exhibits a handedness (chirality) meaning that the twists can go either in one way or the other.If magnetic moments are arranged in a way that different magnetic interactions compete with each other, exotic phenomena are observed, for example, antiferromagnetically coupled magnetic moments on a triangular lattice show the effect of geometrical frustration. Similarly, for skyrmions to appear, there needs to be just the right balance of energies. First, there is the exchange interaction with aligns the moments in parallel, followed by the DM interaction which leads to a modulation of the magnetic order on longer length scales (for instance, spin spirals). So magnetic skyrmions are really just a special breed of magnetic texture occurring in a magnetisation field, similar in nature to a vortex. What makes them special are their particle-like properties; they are soliton solutions – a self-reinforcing wave that maintains its shape while it propagates at a constant velocity, like the non-dispersing water waves first observed in 1834 in the Union Canal in Scotland.

What are Skyrmions?

Technical


once, the skyrmion will have a winding number of 1. Hereby it is not relevant if the spins point all outwards, forming a hairy ball as shown in Figure 1a, or whether the hairy ball is combed (Figure 1c) – the two are said to be topologically equivalent. In contrast, a trivial object with winding number 0 is the ferromagnetic state with all spins aligned; it cannot be transformed into a non-trivial state by smooth transformations (instead, a hole punching or cutting operation would have to be performed, which would not be a smooth transformation). The projection of the hairy ball onto the two-dimensional plane in real-space (Figure 1b) represents a so-called Néel-type skyrmion. This stereographic projection brings the spin at the South Pole to the centre of the vortex, and the spin at the North Pole is mapped onto the boundary. If the hedgehog is combed (such that the spins at the equator are tangential as shown in Figure 1c), the projection will yield a so-called Bloch-type skyrmion (Figure 1d).One of the key properties of a skyrmion is its non-trivial topological winding number. This means that the shear existence of the magnetic state protects it from decaying since the winding number can only be changed by introducing a singularity in the field (which is forbidden by physics). This so-called topological protection is what makes skyrmion special. However, in real systems, which are not infinitely large, topological protection is not an absolute protection against decay, but just provides a finite energy barrier.Initially investigated in the framework of mean-field theoretical treatment of easy-axis ferromagnets with chiral spin-orbit interactions by Bogdanov and co-workers in 1989, magnetic skyrmions were first experimentally observed in 2009 by Pfleiderer’s group at the TU Munich. Using small angle neutron scattering (SANS), they discovered a hexagonally ordered skyrmion lattice phase in the chiral magnet MnSi (with a lattice constant of ~20 nm). The first real-space observation was achieved by Tokura’s group in RIKEN (Japan) using Lorentz transmission electron microscopy in the following year. What makes these materials so special is the lack of inversion symmetry, which results in the appearance of the spin-orbit

coupling based Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). Whereas the direct and indirect exchange interaction lead to a collinear alignment of magnetic spins, the DMI results in a twisting of neighbouring spins with a preferred rotation sense. This means that there exist left- and right-handed crystals, whereby the chirality is expressed by the sign of the DMI constant.The magnetic phase diagram of MnSi is rather universal for this class of non-inversion-symmetric chiral magnets (so-called B20 compounds with space group P213). It is characterised by the helical phase at low applied fields below the ordering temperature, which first transforms into the conical and then the field-polarised phase with increasing field. The skyrmion lattice phase, which requires thermal fluctuations to compete with the conical phase, exists in a small phase pocket just below the transition temperature at finite fields. This is an obvious disadvantage, and novel materials systems and approaches are discussed below, that overcome this limitation.

Skyrmion materialsMagnetic skyrmions were originally discovered in non-centrosymmetric chiral magnets. More recently, thin film heterostructures and superlattices have been engineered to host skyrmions in zero applied field and at room temperature.When first discovered in 2009, there were only few materials related to MnSi in which magnetic skyrmions were predicted to exist. Among these B20 compounds, FeGe took a special place since its transition temperature is close to room temperature and therefore potentially interesting for applications. In 2015, Tokura’s group in RIKEN found with CoZnMn a system in which the transition temperature is above room temperature. A completely different approach was taken by making use of interfacial DMI effects in thin film heterostructures, e.g., Ru/Co or Pt/Co multilayers. These systems have inherently larger transition temperatures, however, this comes at a price. When looking at the skyrmion size, most of these multilayer systems

Figure 2: Magnetic tomography has been used to reconstruct the tornado-like 3D magnetic skyrmion structure.


have skyrmion measuring 100’s of nm, compared to 18 and 70 nm in MnSi and FeGe, respectively.Emergent electrodynamicsElectric transport in skyrmion systems is governed by their non-trivial topology, giving rise to emergent electrodynamic effects, such as the topological Hall effect.The special structure of a skyrmion not only leads to particle-like behaviour but also to very special electrical transport properties. Following an electron that moves through a skyrmion, whereby its spin aligns adiabatically with the local magnetisation, it picks up a Berry phase. Alternatively, this Berry phase can be seen as coming from an emergent magnetic field whereby its magnetic flux is directly connected to the topological winding number. For MnSi with its relative large skyrmion diameter, the effective field is as large as 13.6 T, and it will be even larger for smaller skyrmions. This additional magnetic field will lead to an additional Hall deflection in a transport experiment, the so-called topological Hall effect (THE). This THE is a hallmark of the topological properties of magnetic system, however, on its own, it is insufficient as a proof of the existence of skyrmions. The deflection of an electron traversing a skyrmion also means that the skyrmion will be subject to a momentum transfer by the electron. This momentum transfer is very efficient and Pfleiderer et al. measured extremely small current densities required to move a skyrmion; in fact, they are more than five orders of magnitude smaller than those needed to move a conventional domain wall.Components for skyrmion devicesTo build a future skyrmion-based device requires a couple of key components. There are elements for creating and erasing skyrmions, structures for transporting skyrmions, and also skyrmion detection systems needed. All of these have been independently demonstrated.The creation (and annihilation) of skyrmions stands at the beginning of a device structure for logic or information storage applications. The simplest way to create skyrmions in B20 systems is to apply the correct magnetic field at a temperature close to the transition temperature. In multilayer systems, a multitude

of different techniques has been demonstrated experimentally or in simulations, such as the generation by spin torques (using nano-contacts) or the use of electric fields (via strain) to name a few. The controlled translation of skyrmions, which would e.g. be required for a racetrack-type device, was accomplished using magnetic field gradients, electric fields, magnons, temperature gradients, or spin torques. For the detection of skyrmions, a mechanism has to be found that is selective to the special spin texture, and in principle able to distinguish it from a trivial spin vortex. The THE is one of these effects that is rather straightforward to implement in a device.Future directions and possible technological applicationsSkyrmions, in which magnetic information can be encoded robustly, have the potential to revolutionise data storage. Owing to the 100,000 times lower energy needed to manipulate skyrmionic information on the nanometre scale, efficient devices are within reach.Magnetic skyrmions have the potential to make it into consumer electronic goods, promising more robust magnetic bits and higher storage densities at lower costs and energy consumption. On the way to success lie a number of challenges in terms of materials science, skyrmion physics, and device engineering. For example, for building a skyrmion racetrack structure, in which bits are represented by the presence or absence of a skyrmion, elements for the controlled creation and annihilation of individual skyrmions, their controlled manipulation (while keeping their distance), and a non-destructive detection mechanism are required. One example of the challenges is the translation of skyrmions. What makes the detection in principle easy is the presence of the THE, however, this also means that the skyrmions do not travel along a straight line. This issue has been addressed by either engineering heterostructures consisting of two halves with opposite THE, overall compensating the effect, using a different type of skyrmion that lives in an antiferromagnetic material, or by simply guiding skyrmions in patterned waveguides. However, racetrack-type devices are

not necessarily the arena in which skyrmions can unfold their full potential. Unconventional (beyond the von Neumann) computing architectures, such as stochastic computing, are an area where skyrmions in the form of reshufflers could excel. Other fields are neural networks and neuromorphic computing. While it is difficult to predict their future, skyrmions have certainly changed our way to look at magnetic textures and opened up exciting research avenues.

The Society has Student Bursaries of £300 or

£500 available to assist postgraduate students of member organisations to attend conferences of international standing in the UK or overseas, in subject areas which reflect the interests of the UK Magnetics Society membership. The award of a bursary is intended to acknowledge the student’s contribution to the magnetics community and act as a catalyst for attracting additional support. The Dennis Hadfield Memorial Prize, awarded to the best student conference report to appear in MagNews each year, was instigated following the death of Dennis in 1999 Dennis was a founding member of what was originally called the UK Magnetics Club (now the UK Magnetics Society) in 1986. This followed an Overseas Scientific and Technical Experts Mission (OSTEM) to the USA to look at the state of the permanent magnets industry One of the recommendations of the OSTEM report was to set up a UK magnetics club and this idea came from Dennis. Through his contacts he managed to secure a DTI grant to enable the club to be established and from its inception it had a strong industrial/academic flavour which continues to this day.The great success of the Society will be a lasting testimony to the vision of Dennis and to the foundations he laid down as its first chairman.

UK Magnetics Society Student Bursary Scheme

Technical


A team of researchers, led by Dr Shilei Zhang and Prof

Thorsten Hesjedal at Oxford and Prof Gerrit van der Laan at Diamond Light Source, have used the energy-dependence of resonant elastic X-ray scattering (REXS) on beamline I10 at Diamond Light Source (Didcot) to measure the microscopic depth dependence of 'skyrmion tornados' in the non-centrosymmetric material Cu2OSeO3. In their work they reveal a continuous change from Néel-type winding at the surface to Bloch-type winding in the bulk with increasing depth. This not only demonstrates the power of REXS for microscopic studies of surface-induced reconstructions of magnetic order, but also reveals the hidden energetics that makes magnetic skyrmions such a stable state – a crucial finding for skyrmion device engineering.The three dimensional structure of skyrmions near the surface is the magnetic nanoscale version of a tornado. Just like a tornado, skyrmions can move, deform, and interact with their environment without breaking up. This makes them ideal for use as information carriers for memory and logic devices. The stability of a tornado is however not only due to the twisting, but also resulting from its three dimensional structure. Such a 3D structure was also found in magnetic skyrmions, guaranteeing their topological stability. Before the team’s challenging study, skyrmions had been almost exclusively treated as two-dimensional objects. In experimental studies, two flavours of skyrmion had been observed – so-called Bloch-type and Néel-type skyrmions (with the nomenclature based on the type of domain wall their cross-section resembles). Whereas Néel-type skyrmions have no chirality, Bloch-type skyrmions can be right- or left-handed. The study by Zhang et al. found that these commonly

known skyrmions are just the tip of the iceberg; in fact, the physical quantity 'chirality' is indeed insufficient to describe a skyrmion. Instead, they introduce the helicity angle χ which is a continuously varying property, whereby the Bloch- (χ = ±90°) and the Néel-type (χ = 0°, 180°) skyrmion are simply the extreme cases of all possible skyrmion textures.The key breakthrough to filling this concept with life was the first measurement of the helicity angle. By using circular dichroism (CD) in a resonant elastic X-ray scattering (REXS) experiment (CD-REXS), the team was able to unambiguously determine the helicity angle of a skyrmion texture. REXS on a hexagonally ordered skyrmion lattice gives six diffraction peaks. The breakthrough idea was then to make use of circular dichroism, i.e., the difference between the intensities obtained using left- and right-circularly polarised incident light, which is known to be sensitive to chirality. In CD-REXS, the dichroic diffraction pattern is characteristic for a given helicity angle.Depth-dependent 3D mapping of magnetic structuresWith the new CD-REXS technique demonstrated and established, the team systematically explored the missing information in the third dimension, expecting a Bloch-type skyrmion throughout the material for the investigated material Cu2OSeO3. To access the third dimension they made use of the finite penetration depth of soft x-rays. Depending on the wavelength of the incident x-rays, it is possible to probe more or less deeply. Right at the 2p absorption edge of a 3d transition metal, the soft x-rays are particularly surface-sensitive as the absorption is large, whereas away from the absorption maximum, increasingly deeper layers are probed as well. In CD-REXS experiment, the helicity

angle can therefore be measured as a function of depth. Most remarkably, analogous to a tornado structure, the magnetisation flux spirals around the skyrmion tube.Next stepsThe team’s study reveals a stunning influence of the surface, which highlights the shortcomings of established theoretical models. A deeper understanding of the underlying physics is crucial for future device applications as they are tied to surfaces (and thin films). Their study also suggests the helicity angle as a new degree of freedom for magnetic skyrmions, which may be used to encode information in magnetic memory applications in the future.This work was supported by EPSRC through the UK Skyrmion Project grant Skyrmionics: From Magnetic Excitations to Functioning Low-Energy Devices, EP/N032128/1, and Diamond Light Source.For more information on:The three-dimensional exploration of the skyrmion lattice state:• S L Zhang, G van der Laan, W W

Wang, A A Haghighirad, and T Hesjedal, Direct Observation of Twisted Surface Skyrmions in Bulk Crystals, Phys Rev Lett 120, 227202 (2018)

• S L Zhang, G van der Laan, J Müller, L Heinen, M Garst, A Bauer, H Berger, C Pfleiderer, and T Hesjedal, Reciprocal space tomography of 3D skyrmion lattice order in a chiral magnet, PNAS 115, 6386-6391 (2018)

The method for the direct determination of the properties of spiral spin structures:• S L Zhang, G van der Laan, and

T Hesjedal, Direct experimental determination of spiral spin structures via the dichroism extinction effect in resonant elastic soft x-ray scattering, Phys Rev B 96, 094401 (2017)

Skyrmions getting an X-rayDr Shilei Zhang & Prof Thorsten Hesjedal, University of Oxford; Prof Gerrit van der Laan, Diamond Light Source

Physical conference postponed, replaced by an online event.

Conference in Cardiff will take place at a future date.

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Chirality is a property of asymmetry where two objects, like a pair of

gloves, can be mirror images of each other but cannot be superimposed on one another.A team of researchers led by Berkeley Lab has observed chirality for the first time in polar skyrmions – quasiparticles akin to tiny magnetic swirls – in a material with reversible electrical properties. The combination of polar skyrmions and these electrical properties could one day lead to applications such as more powerful data storage devices that continue to hold information – even after a device has been powered off. “What we discovered is just mind-boggling,” said Ramamoorthy Ramesh, who holds appointments as a faculty senior scientist in Berkeley Lab’s Materials Sciences Division. “We hadn’t planned on making skyrmions. So for us to end up making a chiral skyrmion is exciting.”When the team of researchers – co-led by Ramesh and Lane Martin, also of Berkeley Lab’s Materials Sciences Division – began this study in 2016, they had set out to find ways to control how heat moves through materials. So they fabricated a special crystal structure called a superlattice from alternating layers of lead titanate (an electrically polar material, whereby one end is positively charged and the opposite end is negatively charged) and strontium titanate (an insulator, or a material that doesn’t conduct electric current).But once they took scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) measurements of the lead titanate / strontium titanate superlattice at the Molecular Foundry, a U.S. DOE Office of Science User Facility at Berkeley Lab that specialises in nanoscale science, they saw something strange that had nothing to do with heat: bubble-like formations had cropped up all across the device.Those bubbles were polar skyrmions – or textures made up of opposite electric charges known as dipoles. Researchers had always assumed that skyrmions would only appear in magnetic materials, where special interactions between magnetic spins of charged electrons stabilize the twisting chiral patterns of skyrmions. So when the researchers discovered skyrmions in an electric material, they were astounded.

Through the researchers’ collaboration with theorists Javier Junquera of the University of Cantabria, and Jorge Íñiguez of the Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, they discovered that these textures had a unique feature called a “Bloch component” that determined the direction of its spin, which Ramesh compares to the fastening of a belt – where if you’re left-handed, the belt goes from left to right. “And it turned out that this Bloch component – the skyrmion’s equatorial belt, so to speak – is the key to its chirality or handedness,” he said.While using sophisticated STEM at Berkeley Lab’s Molecular Foundry and at the Cornell Center for Materials Research, where David Muller of Cornell University took atomic snapshots of skyrmions’ chirality at room temperature in real time, the researchers discovered that the forces placed on the polar lead titanate layer by the nonpolar strontium titanate layer generated the polar skyrmion “bubbles” in the lead titanate.“Materials are like people,” said Ramesh. “When people get stressed, they respond in unpredictable ways. And that’s what materials do too: in this case, by surrounding lead titanate by strontium titanate, lead titanate starts to go crazy – and one way that it goes crazy is to create polar textures like skyrmions.”To confirm their observations, senior staff scientist Elke Arenholz and staff scientist Padraic Shafer at Berkeley Lab’s Advanced Light Source (ALS), along with Margaret McCarter, UC Berkeley, probed the chirality by using a spectroscopic technique known as resonant soft X-ray diffraction circular dichroism, one of the highly optimised tools available to the scientific community at the ALS, a U.S. DOE Office of Science User Facility that specialises in lower energy, “soft” X-ray light for studying the properties of materials.Light waves can be “circularly polarised” to also have handedness, so the researchers theorised that if polar skyrmions have handedness, a left-handed skyrmion, for example, should interact more strongly with left-handed, circularly polarised light – an effect known as circular dichroism.

When McCarter and Shafer tested the samples at the ALS, they successfully uncovered another piece to the chiral skyrmion puzzle – they found that incoming circularly polarised X-rays, like a screw whose threads rotate either clockwise or counterclockwise, interact with skyrmions whose dipoles rotate in the same direction, even at room temperature. In other words, they found evidence of circular dichroism – where there is only a strong interaction between X-rays and polar skyrmions with the same handedness.“The theoretical simulations and microscopy both revealed the presence of a Bloch component, but to confirm the chiral nature of these skyrmions, the last piece of the puzzle was really the circular dichroism measurements,” McCarter said. “It is amazing to observe this effect in materials that typically don’t have handedness. We are excited to explore the implications of this chirality in a ferroelectric and how it can be controlled in a way that could be useful for storing data.”Now that the researchers have made a single electric skyrmion and confirmed its chirality, they plan to make an array of dozens of electric skyrmions – each one with a diameter of just 8 nm – with the same handedness. “In terms of applications, this is exciting because now we have chirality – switching a skyrmion on or off, or between left-handed and right-handed – on top of still being able to use the charge for storing data,” Ramesh said.The researchers next plan to study the effects of applying an electric field on the polar skyrmions. “Now that we know that polar / electric skyrmions are chiral, we want to see if we can electrically manipulate them. If I apply an electric field, can I turn each one like a turnstile? Can I move each one, one at a time, like a checker on a checkerboard? If we can somehow move them, write them, and erase them for data storage, then that would be an amazing new technology,” Ramesh said.Also contributing to the study were researchers from Pennsylvania State University, Cornell University, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Simulation of the cross-section in the middle of the polar-skyrmion bubble. (Credit: Berkeley Lab)

Simulations of skyrmion bubbles and elongated skyrmions for the lead titanate/strontium titanate superlattice. (Credit: Berkeley Lab)

Electric material skyrmions charge ahead for next-gen data storageTheresa Duque, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

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One can only imagine the havoc in the CERN tunnels 11 years ago

when several huge superconducting magnets jumped from their mountings in the concrete floor caused by an explosive evaporation of liquid helium from inside the magnets. The incident happened during the commissioning of the Large Hadron Collider – the current iconic project at CERN – when the main dipoles where powered with 9 kilo-amperes and a short section of an interconnect between the magnets became normal-conducting and generated heat. In the end, 24 of the 15-meter long dipole magnets had to be lifted up 100 m from the underground tunnel and repaired or replaced giving a huge extra cost and a delay of LHC of 14 months. Indeed, this was a very expensive lesson, but one must be aware that from time to time something like this will happen when pushing the limits of technology.The construction of large-scale research infrastructures, so-called Big Science facilities, has been the driver

Superconducting magnets in Big Science projectsNikolaj ZangenbergDirector, Materials, Danish Technological Institute

of technological progress in magnet technologies based on superconductors. Huge projects such as the ITER fusion reactor and the CERN large hadron collider are pushing the limits of the possible and require uses of new technologies that are on the edge of what is possible.Innovative solutions have led to industrial breakthroughs in, e.g., production technologies for h i g h - t e m p e r a t u r e superconductors (HTS) since CERN needed 32 km of HTS for current leads to power the low-temperature superconducting magnets. This lifted HTS production technologies to the benefit of modern superconducting MRI magnets.Over the years the UK Magnetics

Society hosted several events bringing together academics and companies to discuss these large projects. E.g. at the event “Extending the Magnetic Range” at Culham Science Center in 2018, Arnaud Foussat from CERN and Michael Kovari from the UK Atomic Energy Authority gave presentations

The LHC tunnel at CERN. Credit © CERN


about the status of the superconducting magnets used at CERN and for fusion projects such as the ITER reactor. The magnets for both projects are now well into production and test phases, and the most recent updates are presented below.CERN large hadron colliderCERN is yet again breaking through the science frontier by probing reactions at extremely high energies allowing signatures from the heavier elementary particles to reveal themselves. Reaching these extreme conditions require extreme machines to steer protons to collide. Bending highly energetic protons travelling at 99.999999% of the speed of light around the 27 km circumference accelerator ring at CERN requires magnetic dipole fields of 8.3 T. This field level is realised in the 1232 dipole magnets each 15 m long using 1300 tonnes of NbTi. The production of NbTi has been developed and scaled up several years ago to have sufficient wire ready for the magnet construction. Also hundreds of superconducting focusing and correction magnets (quadrupole, hexapole and octopole magnets) are needed to steer the beam of protons. Luca Bottura from CERN estimates the LHC magnet systems to have an estimated worth of $2 b. The 1232 dipoles have been purchased from the companies Ansaldo Componenti, Noell and Alstrom-Jeumont. The magnets have been “trained” at the CERN magnet testing facility - training consists of ramping up the current above the design specification of 11 kA causing the superconductors in the magnet to become normal conducting – to “quench” – under controlled conditions. Some

Poloidal field coil for ITER.Credit © ITER Organization, http://www.iter.

magnets could reach the specified current without quenching, but more than 1000 training quenches were carried out before the magnets were put into operation in the accelerator ring.The LHC first went into operation 2009 leading to the discovery of the Higgs boson in 2012. After some upgrades, LHC ran again 2015-18 before shutting down for a major upgrade involving also the exchange and upgrade of several magnets. So these days, CERN is buzzing with activity for engineers and physicists preparing for the next operation phase in 2021.But already, CERN is also preparing for the potential next upgrade: upgrading the Nb-Ti dipole magnets with Nb3-Sn based magnets allowing a higher dipole field. This will drive the development of the Nb3-Sn conductor and cable development and probably pave the way for the Nb3-Sn technology to become adopted in other applications. The higher fields means that even higher proton energies can be used and new frontiers probed on the quest for understanding the fundamental laws of physics.The ITER projectThe ITER project is a huge demonstrator that will show that man can tame the energy of the sun and tap it as clean, green energy. Durham ???, the location for a UK Magnetic Society event in 2018, houses the JET project – which is in itself an impressive machine but a mere dwarf next to ITER.The ITER magnet system has the purpose of containing a 150 mio ??? degrees hot plasma of mainly positive Hydrogen ions that are reacting to form alpha-particles ??? and Lithium nuclei. The fact that the particles are charged is what makes it possible to control the

plasma using huge magnetic fields.The plasma is controlled by 18 toroidal field coils, 6 central solenoid coils, 6 poloidal field coils and 9 correction coils. Most impressive are the toroidal field coils weighting 300 tonnes/coil and being able to carry a current of 68 kilo-amperes giving a peak field of 11.8 T. To produce the coils, orders have been placed with to several companies in Japan and Europe to mitigate high risk from single suppliers. The magnet coils are superconducting and ITER uses 300 tonnes of Nb-Ti and 600 tonnes of Nb3-Sn. Again, these huge orders have introduced more reliable and, thus, cheaper production of superconductors. The first toroidal field coils were tested 2019, and the complete magnetic coil structure will be assembled in 2022-24. Bringing the huge coils to the construction site in Cadarache is a project in itself – especially since the coils are supplied from several countries: Italy, Japan, Russia, China, USA and France. UK is supplying resin and composite material for pre-compression rings used in the solenoid coils. The plan is to have all in place for the ITER machine to produce first plasma by the end of 2025. Magnets are central for the success of both ITER and CERN, as well as other Big Science projects, and these will keep pushing the limits for magnet technology in the future.The UK Magnetics Society are planning to hold its MMA'20 event at CERN in autumn 2020.

Corresponding Membership

If you are interested in Membership of the Society, but can’t attend many of our events, take a look at our new Corresponding Membership.

Corresponding Members receive:• Access to Seminar Papers• 1 copy of MagNews every

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10 Questions to...Mr Robert J. Bunting Sr., CEO, Bunting

An occasional series asking informal questions of people who’ve been there, done that


1. What is your favorite magnetic material?My favorite magnetic material would have to be AlNiCo magnets. They were one of the first magnetic materials I worked with hands on at the beginning of my career.2. What would you say to yourself at the age of 20?I would tell myself, “You’ll be 70 before you realize it. Take advantage of everything that comes your way.”3. Who was a key influence on you?Bunting is a family owned business, so I of course have to say my father, the founder of the company, was an enormous influence on me. From a business standpoint, I was greatly influenced by Bob Kroha, who preceded me as the sales manager at Bunting. When I was preparing to become sales manager, he taught me things such as how to set up rep/distributor programs, how to manage salespeople, and gave me all of the basic tips for management.I was also highly influenced by Don Niemann, Bunting’s first controller. He was a financial whiz, especially when it came to spreadsheets. He taught me a great deal about financials - how to read them, interpret them, and equipped me with lasting knowledge that I still use every day.Outside of people I personally worked with, I was also influenced by Zig Ziglar, the motivational speaker. I read everything written by him that I could get my hands on, and even wore out two tape decks in my car from listening to his recordings. Ziglar’s works taught me how to stay focused, set goals, and implement those goals. 4. So far, what is the most memorable thing that’s happened in your career?I’ve been the president of the company for 26 years, but I still greatly value the

time I spent as sales manager. Becoming sales manager was my ultimate goal in my career. I greatly value the time I was able to spend traveling, spending time with customers and members of the Bunting sales team, and being able to see Bunting products being implemented in the real world. 5. When did you hear some advice that’s stuck with you?I remember being told, “It’s easier to remember the truth than a lie.” As a salesman and as a business owner, I have always believed in being truthful - at times even to a fault. I believe it is always better to tell the truth, because you will always remember it and it will always be there. 6. Is there a piece of kit you must always have?My DAY-TIMER is essential to me. I never allow myself to be without it. I use it to manage my appointments, to take notes, and consider it to be essential to every aspect of day-to-day operations.

7. When was the last time you missed a travel connection?This answer may come as a surprise, but I’ve haven’t missed a travel connection due to my own fault in over 40 years. A lot of people expect to have problems when traveling, but I’ve experienced very few problems in my many years of traveling. Certain things, such as sitting around for three or four hours in an airport, I consider to just be part of the process of travel. Waiting is just part of traveling, and I don’t believe I’ve ever had a truly terrible experience while traveling. 8. What do you consider to be the most important magnetic phenomenon?At Bunting, I will say we handle magnets mainly from an equipment standpoint. That being said, I find the capabilities of rare earth magnets to be truly remarkable. Using rare earth magnets in our equipment has produced unbelievable results - it allows us to carry materials at sharp angles, magnetically remove stainless steel from product streams,

and make our equipment smaller and more efficient.9. What do you reckon a key piece of the future will be?Automation, automation, automation. In our own plant as well as plants our equipment is used in, the key is determining how to do more with less. Our products greatly assist our customers in achieving automation - I believe in letting the product do the work.10. In the scientific world, what made you go “wow!” first?My career at Bunting spans over 50 years, so in the early years we mainly dealt with AlNiCo and ferrite magnets. I remember the first time I was introduced to a rare earth magnet - I believe it was a samarium cobalt magnet, specifically - it snapped out of my fingers to adhere to steel. I was amazed by its strength and how much power was in such a small piece of material. Using rare earth magnets in Bunting equipment has been revolutionary for our business.

Bob Bunting has been the president and CEO of Bunting since 1993. Founded in 1959 by Walter F. Bunting in Chicago, Illinois, the company has remained family-owned and family-operated ever since. Bob began his career at Bunting in 1973 after graduating from Illinois State University. He served in a variety of roles, including Sales Engineer, Marketing Manager, General Sales Manager, and Vice President of Marketing and Sales before taking on the role of president and CEO in 1993. As the second generation owner of Bunting, Bob has overseen steady growth in both sales and profitability of the company. Bunting has five locations worldwide, located in Redditch and Berkhamsted within the United Kingdom as well as locations in Kansas, Illinois, and Pennsylvania within the United States.


This report gives an account of my experiences during ISEF - 2019.

I was supported by a UK Magnetic Society student conference bursary, which helped to cover some of my costs to the conference.ISEF 2019, the 19th edition of International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering was held in Nancy, France, from August 29th to 31st, 2019. It is organized by the Group of Research in Electrical Engineering of Nancy (GREEN), a research Laboratory of Université de Lorraine. The symposium was held at "Prouvé Congress Center" of Nancy.The first ISEF edition was held in the castle of Uniejow 45 years ago and since then many editions were organized all around European universities with a great success. ISEF is now one of the prestigious conferences and have a prominent position in the electrical and electronic engineering, and in particular, in electromagnetic community. The ISEF conferences provide a unique opportunity for scientists, researchers and engineers from all around the world, to discuss the state of the art and new developments in computational electromagnetics with applications in numerous scientific areas.For this year’s edition, the Chairman of the steering committee was S. Wiak - Lodz University of Technology, Poland, the Chairman of the organizing committee was N. Takorabet - GREEN - Université de Lorraine, France and the Chairman of the editorial board was P. Di Barba - University of Pavia, Italy.A total of 273 papers were submitted to the conference secretariat, of which, 236 high-quality papers from 34 countries were finally accepted, which were scheduled in 15 oral sessions and 12 poster sessions. The total number of authors associated with the accepted papers was approximately 578.There were three invited lectures for this year’s edition of ISEF, as follows:1. Corona Resistant enamel wires

as solution for electrical motor winding systems supplied by high du/dt inverter voltage: An insulation life – time estimation

Student Bursary Report: ISEF - 2019 International Symposium on Electromagnetic Fields in Mechatronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering29th to 31st August, 2019, Nancy, FranceAnuvav Bardalai, The University of Nottingham

2. MEMS: Field Models and Optimal Design

3. Gmsh: Past – Present and FutureAs mentioned earlier, ISEF is known in electromagnetic community and the main topic discussed during the oral and poster presentation were largely related to electromagnetics:• Field theory and advanced

computation in electromagnetism• Electrical machines, transformers,

actuators, micromachines• Electromagnetic components

of mechatronics and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)

• Coupled systems and special applications

• Electromagnetism in materials (new materials, measurements, modelling, computation)

• Electromagnetic phenomena in electrical power systems

• Optimization and computer aided design

• Software methodology and visualization

• Bioelectromagnetism and electromagnetic hazards

• Equivalent circuit modelling of field problems

• Nondestructive testing (methodology, measurement, diagnosis, testing)

• Design and computation of specific electromagnetic devices

• Electromagnetic compatibility• Application of artificial intelligence

in vector fields calculation• Database and expert systems in the

field computation context• Electromagnetism in education• Artificial and computational

intelligence• Electromagnetic phenomena in

electric cars• Noise and vibrations of electrical

machines• Reduced order methods for

computation of electromagnetic devices

• Computation of electrical machines under faulty conditions

• Sensors, Actuators, MEMS – modelling and design optimization

• Propagation of radio waves – systems, modelling, applications

Thursday 29th August 2019The day started with presentation from the invited lectures “Corona Resistant enamel wires as solution for electrical motor winding systems supplied by high du/dt inverter voltage: An insulation life – time estimation” by Professor Hameyer Kay. The half hour lecture was very interesting, and I felt privileged to be present there. Invited Lecture Number 2 on “MEMS: Field Models and Optimal Design” by Krawczyk Andrzej followed the lecture 1. After the invited lecture 1 and 2, the oral and poster presentation on various topic began. Since, my PhD topic is related to high frequency rotating electrical machines, I attended the oral session O1B: Permanent Magnet Motors – Calculation and Design. This session was chaired by • Barakat Georges (Université du

Havre, GREAH, France) • Aimeng Wang (North China Electric

Power University, China)A total of five papers were presented during this session, of which two of the papers presentations “Design of a very high speed, high power PM synchronous motor” by Nicolas Girand and “Degrees of freedom in the Design of PM Synchronous Machines” by Yacine Amara I found interesting.Following lunch break, I had an opportunity to introduce myself and network with colleagues and peers working the same area as mine where we had constructive discussion on challenges pertaining to our field of work. Thereafter a short coffee break, poster presentation session was held. In the evening we were given a tour of the beautiful city, Nancy, which was followed by the welcome reception where all the participants were invited to have a drink at the OPERA de Nancy located in Stanislas square. During the reception, I found myself sharing a drink or two with colleagues and exchanging ideas.Friday 30th August 2019This was a day of the Gala Dinner held at the panoramic receptive area

Technical


of Prouvé Congress Centre. It was eventful and I had great fun with the newly made friends.Saturday 31st August 2019This was the day of my oral presentation, so I attended the Oral session O5-B: Transformer modelling. I was the first to present during this session. The title of my presentation was: The Effects of AC Losses on back – iron Extension Thermal Benefits. My presentation analysed the effects the high frequencies have on the back – iron extension (BIE) introduced for thermal benefits in electrical machines. Simulation were carried out for two operating speeds of the machine: at rated speed 2800 rpm and peak speed of the machine of 10 krpm which correspond to fundamental frequencies of 187 Hz and 667 Hz respectively. Thermal loading at three different scenarios (A, B and C) were presented,

where thermal loading ‘A’ correspond to only DC losses, ‘B’ corresponds to total losses (winding and core loss) at rated speed and ‘C’ corresponds to total losses at the peak speed. Four cases back -iron extension dimensions were analysed and compared along side with the original motor. The paper presented that although the optimised geometry of the BIE slightly changes for the losses lower speed in comparison to DC losses, at higher frequencies the increase of AC losses with the introduction of BIEs outweigh the thermal benefits compared to the original machine without BIE. Thus, careful consideration of these added AC losses is required while optimising the dimensions of BIE for thermal benefits.My presentation lasted fifteen minutes and there was five minutes for questions at the end. There were almost 30 delegates in the audience.

After the session presentations, had finished I met with several people who are working on similar topics. They were interested in what I was researching and wanted to keep in touch and consequently, we exchanged contact details. This was therefore a great opportunity to network. To conclude, the conference was very beneficial for me. I learn about the latest developments in the fields of machines and drives. It provided me with an opportunity to present my findings and exchange ideas with my peers. This furthered my knowledge of the existing literature and I also learnt how researchers are using different techniques to solve the same issues as I am presently researching. I would therefore like to thank the UK-Magnetics Society for giving me such a great opportunity to participate in ISEF 2019.

Monitoring torque in a drive shaft is one of the best ways of assessing

the performance of plant and machinery. However because drive shafts rotate, hard wiring a sensor into place usually requires the use of a delicate slip ring. An alternative solution is to use a non-contact radio frequency detector to monitor 'Surface Acoustic Waves' (SAWs), as Mark Ingham of Sensor Technology Ltd explains.Torque imparts a small degree of twist into a driven shaft, which will distort SAW devices (small quartz combs) affixed to the shaft. This deformation causes a change in the resonant frequency of the combs, which can be measured via a non-contact radio frequency (RF) pick-up mounted close to the shaft. The pick-up emits an RF signal towards the shaft which is reflected back by the combs with its frequency changed in proportion to the distortion of the combs.Electronic processing and calibration of the returned signal generates a precise, real time indication of the torque being transmitted by the shaft.A SAW transducer is able to sense torque in both directions, and provides fast mechanical and electrical responses. As the method is non-contact it has also offers complete freedom from slip rings, brushes and/or complex electronics, which are often found in traditional torque measurement systems. SAW devices also have a high immunity to magnetic forces allowing their use in, for example, motors where other

analogue technologies are very susceptible to electronic interference.In more detail... In its simplest form, a SAW transducer consists of two interdigital arrays of thin metal electrodes deposited on a highly polished piezoelectric substrate such as quartz. The electrodes that comprise these arrays alternate polarities so that an RF signal of the proper frequency applied across them causes the surface of the crystal to expand and contract and this generates the surface wave.These interdigital electrodes are generally spaced at half- or quarter-wavelength of the operating centre frequency. Since the surface wave or acoustic velocity is 10-5 of the speed of light, an acoustic wavelength is much smaller than its electromagnetic counterpart.For example, a signal at 100 Mhz with a free space wavelength of three metres would have a corresponding acoustic wavelength of about 30 microns. This results in the SAW's unique ability to incorporate an incredible amount of signal processing or delay in a very small volume. As a result of this relationship, physical limitations exist at higher frequencies when the electrodes become too narrow to fabricate with standard photolithographic techniques and at lower frequencies when the devices

become impractically large. Hence, at this time, SAW devices are most typically used from 10 Mhz to about 3 Ghz.ApplicationsSAW-based torque sensors have been used around the world and in many fields, from test rigs to wind turbines and generators based on tidal or river flows. They are used extensively in the high tech world of the development of engines and gearboxes for Formula 1. Pharmaceutical companies employ them to monitor the pumps micro-dosing active ingredients into medicines and tablets. Torque feedback systems can be used by security firms to determine the direction their movable CCTV cameras are facing so that they can efficiently watch premises under their protection.Today, as industrial engineers automated manufacturing and processing operations they are increasingly turning to torque monitoring to generate the vital operating and production data that maintains production and efficiency.

Non-contact technology simplifies torque monitoring and aids efficiency


WMM ‘20June 23rd to 25th,2020 - Rome, Italy

The 2020 International Conference on Magnetism and Metallurgy brings together scientists from universities and research groups working on the development of magnetic materials, experts from the industrial companies producing magnetic materials as well as electrical engineers from universities and industry, who are engaged in applications of magnetic materials. Topics covered include:• Electrical steels and other soft magnetic materials: advances in product quality, new grades, and applications• Advances in manufacturing methods: metallurgical routes and technological solutions• Status of the Use of Thin Slab and Thin Strip casting technology for GO and NGO• Hard magnetic materials: trends in product grades and manufacturing processes• Progress in modelling the evolution of microstructure and texture along the metallurgical processing route for

electrical steels• Relationships between microstructure and magnetic properties• Surface quality and coatings development for GO/NGO electrical steel• Advancement on magnetic materials characterizations• Progress on modelling the effects of magnetic materials characteristics one the electrical machines performances• Electrical steels for Electric Mobility applications (E-cars and power supply infrastructures): trends, technical

solutions and strategies for development• Development of Higher Efficient Motors and the role of electrical steels• Optimum selection of electrical steels for given applications and optimum manufacturing methodsSpeakers from: • Max-Planck-Institut fuer Eisenforschung• University of Gent• Politecnico of Torino• Aperam South America• University of L’Aquila• Motor Design Limited• Indian Institute of Technology-Mumbay• Metglas Inc• Magnequench GmbH• Posco

• G-iron SRL• Wuhan Iron and Steel Co.• Arcelor Mittal global R&D• Eurogroup• Tempel• Metals Technology Consulting• BAOSTEEL Europe Technical

Service Center• Shougang• Vacuumschmelze GmbH

New dates: 3rd to 5th November 2020


People involved with the UK Magnetics Society believe that magnetism in all its forms is an

amazing force, and that by understanding and harnessing it people can deliver amazing things.We believe magnetics science and engineering can change the future for the better – we can create more effective forms of energy generation, develop less polluting transport, discover the secrets of the universe, manufacture materials which do less environmental damage; we can establish and build research groups, as well as companies to use that research.We believe that people achieve more when they work together, have opportunities to share what they know and to learn from different subjects, to develop connections with like-minded people whichever country they’re from, finding partners, suppliers and customers worldwide.

UKMagSoc delivers on its beliefs by connecting the ‘people who do’.We help them share what they know, learn from each other, and find each other. We organise meetings to bring them together,

we publish emails and magazines to share their news and knowledge, put on courses to provide them with new information, run events to bring new people into the community, support students in developing their careers.In the over 30 years since its founding, UKMagSoc has connected thousands of these people, delivering:• new companies; • new research projects;• new products and services;• careers developing to Chief Engineer, VC or MD levels;

• new research proposals;• £ Ms in research funding;• £ Ms in sales worldwide.How have we done this? Well, we have several activities:• seminars with leading experts focused on specialised topics of interest;

• information exchange and networking opportunities, bringing together academic, industrial and government participants;

• MagNews, the Society’s magazine has a wide but targeted international readership;

• technology brokerage and technical enquiries – putting future customers or collaborators in touch to generate business and research leads;

• Resource Directory of relevant services – maintaining a comprehensive list of member and non-member products and services;

• publicise magnetics – channelling members’ information to a wider and relevant audience;

• website – providing the latest information about the Society and relevant organisations;

• student bursaries – helping member students present at conferences world-wide;

• student engagement events, promoting careers in magnetics to students;

• alternative streams – bringing together different types of magnetics at conferences to see what sticks;

• training courses – keeping people up to date with new developments and decades-long experience.

What could the Society possibly do for you?

On a personal level, you could • Find employees – advertise vacancies; see new people coming into magnetics careers;

• Find employers – find out about vacant positions, or new opportunities;

• Create something new – develop new partnerships, create new companies, processes, research groups, products or services;

• Develop your brand and Advertise – speak at an event; publish a technical article or paper; sponsor events; advertise across our platforms;

• Find customers, suppliers and projects – find new research groups or companies to work with;

• Learn about new areas of magnetics – hear or read about research, developments, opportunities, ideas from areas you know and areas you don’t;

• Keep up to date – hear about the latest research or product launches, hone your skills with courses from world-renowned experts;

• Get funding to attend conferences – a student bursary could help pay for you to go to a conference anywhere in the world;

• Generate publicity – get word out about your event, conference, new capabilities, upgraded products, research results.

There are two ways to get these benefits.Short answer: any way you want by contacting us.Longer answer: • Become a Member; sign up yourself or your organisation;

• Promote events and the Society through your network, your website or social media;

• Join the committee;• Write content for our platforms, MagNews, eNewsletter, LinkedIn, Twitter;

• Events:• Speak• Attend• Engage with speakers and delegates• Co-chair / organise• Promote

• Advertise with us;• Sponsor the Society.

We are called the UK Magnetics Society, but only because we started there. There are no limits to members, delegates, events or content – as our resources allow, we always have and always will engage worldwide.On that note, the Society was founded by industrialists and academics, and has only ever been supported by research groups and companies. We receive no government support and are a non-profit organisation. Your engagement with the Society is critical to its survival, and to help us to help you to gain the benefits above.In 2016 we celebrated our 30th anniversary. With your help we look forward to working with you whatever country you’re based in over the next 30 years, and seeing the new research, processes, companies, products, groups, services, whatever, you create!

postal address: The UK Magnetics Society5 Castlehill LoanKippenStirlingFK8 3DZUnited Kingdom

website: ukmagsoc.org

telephone: +44 (0) 787 290 8503 email: [email protected]: @UKMagSoc

facebook: www.facebook.com/UK-Magnetics- Society-1813055625633026

linkedin: www.linkedin.com/company/uk-magnetics-society

DatesOn a personal level, you could • Find employees – advertise vacancies; see new people coming into magnetics careers;

• Find employers – find out about vacant positions, or new opportunities;

• Create something new – develop new partnerships, create new companies, processes, research groups, products or services;

• Develop your brand and Advertise – speak at an event; publish a technical article or paper; sponsor events; advertise across our platforms;

• Find customers, suppliers and projects – find new research groups or companies to work with;

• Learn about new areas of magnetics – hear or read about research, developments, opportunities, ideas from areas you know and areas you don’t;

• Keep up to date – hear about the latest research or product launches, hone your skills with courses from world-renowned experts;

• Get funding to attend conferences – a student bursary could help pay for you to go to a conference anywhere in the world;

• Generate publicity – get word out about your event, conference, new capabilities, upgraded products, research results.

There are two ways to get these benefits.Short answer: any way you want by contacting us.Longer answer: • Become a Member; sign up yourself or your organisation;

• Promote events and the Society through your network, your website or social media;

• Join the committee;• Write content for our platforms, MagNews, eNewsletter, LinkedIn, Twitter;

• Events:• Speak• Attend• Engage with speakers and delegates• Co-chair / organise• Promote

• Advertise with us;• Sponsor the Society.

We are called the UK Magnetics Society, but only because we started there. There are no limits to members, delegates, events or content – as our resources allow, we always have and always will engage worldwide.On that note, the Society was founded by industrialists and academics, and has only ever been supported by research groups and companies. We receive no government support and are a non-profit organisation. Your engagement with the Society is critical to its survival, and to help us to help you to gain the benefits above.In 2016 we celebrated our 30th anniversary. With your help we look forward to working with you whatever country you’re based in over the next 30 years, and seeing the new research, processes, companies, products, groups, services, whatever, you create!

postal address: The UK Magnetics Society5 Castlehill LoanKippenStirlingFK8 3DZUnited Kingdom

website: ukmagsoc.org

telephone: +44 (0) 787 290 8503 email: [email protected]: @UKMagSoc

facebook: www.facebook.com/UK-Magnetics- Society-1813055625633026

linkedin: www.linkedin.com/company/uk-magnetics-society


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Magnetic precision has a name

Infologic Design (formerly Infoytica Europe) has provided advanced Electromagnetic design and analysis tools since 1978 including both general purpose, and motor specific, design software.

MagNet is a general purpose 2D and 3D FE analysis software, developed by Infolytica for electromechanical devices including; electrical machines; non-destructive testing (NDT); power electronics; induction heating; sensors; and industrial transformers. MagNet can be coupled to ThermNet for thermal analysis, OptiNet for optimisation, plus many 3rd party software tools.

Motor designers can rapidly simulate and get motor performance characteristics using the Infolytica product MotorSolve – the powerful software that offers their complete analysis needs in one design environment.

The template-based interface combined with the variational geometry modelling makes the software easy to use yet flexible enough to handle virtually any motor design, including induction, synchronous, electronically and brush-commutated machines, including BLDC Generators.

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