MagnesiumProceedings of the 6th International ConferenceMagnesium Alloys and Their Applications

Edited byK.U. Kainer

WILEY-VCH

DGM WILEY-VCH VerlagGmbH&Co. KGaA

Inhaltsverzeichnis

Microstructural Design for Enhanced Elevated Temperature Properties inSand-castable Magnesium AlloysC.J. Bettles and M.A. Gibson, CRCfor Cast Metals Manufacturing (CAST),CSIRO Manufacturing & Infrastructure Technology, Private Bag 33,Clayton South MDC, Clayton, VIC. 3169, Australia

Thermodynamic Database for Mg-alloys: Progress and Application toMg-Al-Ca-Si Alloy DevelopmentRainer Schmid-Fetzer and Joachim Grobner, University of Clausthal,Institute of Metallurgy, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany 12

Development of the New Creep Resistant Alloy AS31Vadim V. Agalakov, JSC "AVISMA" , Berezniki, Russia 18

Phase Formation, Precipitation and Strengthening Mechanisms in Mg-Zn-Sn AlloysS. Cohen, G.R. Goren-Muginstein, S. Avraham, and M. Bamberger, Department ofMaterial Eng., Technion IIT, Haifa 3200 ISRAEL;G. Dehm, Max-Planck-Institutfur Metallforschung, Stuttgart, Germany 25

Die Casting for High Performance - Focus on Alloy DevelopmentDr. Per Bakke, Dr. Hakon Westengen, Hydro Aluminium a.s., MagnesiumCompetence Centre, Porsgrunn, Norway 31

New Mg-Alloys for the Thixomolding™ ProcessJulio Aguilar, Martin Fehlbier, Andreas Buhring-Polaczek, Foundry Institute,Aachen University (RWTH), Germany 37

Structure and Morphology of Effective Obstacles in High PerformanceMg - Rare Earth Base AlloysBohumil Smola, Ivana Stulikovd, Jitka Pelcovd, Barry L. MordikeFaculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague 2, Czech Republic;Zentrum fur Funktionswerkstoffe gGmbH, Clausthal-Zellerfeld; Institute of MaterialsEngineering and Technology, TU Clausthal, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany 43

Regularities in the Phase Diagrams and Behavior During Aging of the TernaryMg-Base Alloys Containing Two Rare-Earth Metals of Different SubgroupsLazar Rokhlin, Tatyana Dobatkina, Nadezhda Nikitina, Baikov Instituteof Metallurgy and Materials Science, Moscow, Russia 49

Development of New Magnesium Alloys for Advanced ApplicationsB. Bronfin, E. Aghion, S. Schumann, H. Friedrich, Dead Sea Magnesium Ltd,Beer Sheva, Israel;F. von Buch, Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany 55

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Creep Resistance and Creep Kinetics of Mg-alloysW. Blum, Y. J. Li, X. H. Zeng, Universitdt Erlangen-NUrnberg, Inst. f Werkstoffwissen-schaften LSI, 91058 Erlangen, Germany;B. von Grofimann, C. Haberling, H.-G. Haldenwanger, Audi AG, 85045Ingolstadt, Germany 62

Creep Behaviour of MgZnRE Alloys Formed by Semi-Solid-CastingE. D. Morales, N. Hort, K. U. Kainer, GKSS Research Center Geesthacht GmbH,Geesthacht, Germany 68

Creep Resistant Magnesium Alloys for Powertrain ApplicationsMihriban. O. Pekguleryuz, McGill, University, Department of Metals and MaterialsEngineering, University Street, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 2B2;A. Arslan Kaya, Tubitak Marmara Research Center, P.O.B.21, Gebze, 41470 Turkey.. 1A

Russian Ultralight Constructional Mg-Li Alloys. Their Structure, Properties,Manufacturing, ApplicationsFedorM. Elkin, Valentin G. Davydov, All-Russia Institute of Light Alloys, Moscow,Russia 94

The Effect of Grain Size on the Mechanical Properties of AM-SC1G. Dunlop, Australian Magnesium Corporation, Milton, Australia;C.J. Bettles, J.R. Griffiths, K. Venkatesan, CRCfor Cast Metals Manufacturing(CAST), CSIRO Manufacturing & Infrastructure Technology, Melbourne, Australia;Lihui Zheng and Ma Qian, CRCfor Cast Metals Manufacturing (CAST),The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia 100

Thermal Properties of Mg-Li and Mg-Li-Al AlloysAlexandra Rudajevovd, Pavel Lukdc, Department of Metal Physics, CharlesUniversity, Prague, Czech Republic;Stanislav Kiidela, Institute of Materials and Machine Mechanics SAS, Bratislava,Slovakia 106

Designing for Improved Creep Resistance in the RE - Free Magnesium AlloysVladimir G. Tkachenko, International Center for Electronic materials Scienceand Applied Problems of Aerospace Technology, 3, Krzhyzhanovsky Str,Kyiv, 03680, Ukraine 110

Ageing Characteristics and Creep Resistance of Mg-Y-Nd-Sc-Mn AlloyIvana Stulikovd, Bohumil Smola, Jitka Pelcovd, Faculty of Mathematics andPhysics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic;Ivana Stulikovd, Bohumil Smola, Zentrumfur Funktionswerkstoffe gGmbH,Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany;Barry L. Mordike, Institute of Material Science and Engineering, TechnicalUniversity Clausthal, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany 116

Deformation Behaviour of Mg-Li-Al Alloys at Room and Elevated TemperaturesZdenek Drozd, Zuzanka Trojanovd, Viera Gdrtnerovd, Faculty of Mathematics andPhysics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic 122

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The Effect of Grain Size on the Bolt Load Retention Behaviour of AMC-SC1C.J.Bettles, K.Venkatesan, CRC for Cast Metals Manufacturing (CAST), CSIROManufacturing & Infrastructure Technology, Melbourne, Australia;Lihui Zheng, Ma Qian, CRCfor Cast Metals Manufacturing (CAST), The Universityof Queensland, St Lucia, Australia 128

High Temperature Behaviour of a New Mg-Ca-Zn AlloyA. Zilberov, G. R. Goren-Muginstein andM. Bamberger, Department of MaterialEng., TechnionUT, Haifa 32000, Israel 134

Investigation of Die Cast Mg-Al Alloys with Additions of Sn, Si and SbDr. Per Bakke, Dr. Ketil Pettersen, Dr. Hdkon Westengen, Hydro Aluminium a.s.,Magnesium Competence Centre, Porsgrunn, Norway 140

An Electron Microscopy Investigation on As-cast AZ91D Alloy Modified withNitrogenA.A. Kaya, TUBITAK-MRC, MCTRI, Kocaeli, Turkey;O. Yucel, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey;D. Eliezer, Ben-Gurion University of The Negev Department of MaterialsEngineering Beer-Sheva Israel;E.Aghion, MRI, Beer-Sheva, Israel 151

Recrystallization Behaviour of Four Magnesium AlloysL.W.F. Mackenzie, F.J. Humphreys, G.W. Lorimer, Manchester Materials ScienceCentre, University of Manchester and UMIST, UK;K. Savage, T. Wilks, Magnesium Elektron Ltd, Manchester, UK 158

Dynamic Recrystallization of Mg-3Al-lZnT. Laser, Ch. Hartig, R. Bormann, Technische Universitdt Hamburg-Harburg,21073 Hamburg, Germany;J. Bohlen, D. Letzig, GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht,Germany 164

Mechanical Properties and Formability of PM Mg-Al Based AlloysK. Matsuzaki, K. Hatsukano, K.Hanada, M.Takahashi and T. Shimizu, NationalInstitute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology(AIST), A1ST-EAST,l-2Namiki, TSUKUBA 305-3564, Japan 170

Corrosion Properties of Conversion Plasma Coated Magnesium AlloysH. M. Nykyforchyn, M. D. Klapkiv, Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of theNational Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lviv, Ukraine;W. Dietzel, C. Blawert, GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Geesthacht,Germany 176

The effect of Variations in Melt Temperature on the Grain Structures in an AM60Die CastingHans I. Laukli, Otto Lohne, Lars Arnberg, Norwegian University of Science andTechnology, Trondheim, Norway;Haavard Gjestland, Stian Sannes, Norsk Hydro ASA, Porsgrunn, Norway 182

Microstructural Characterisation of AZ91 Magnesium AlloyAndrzej Kielbus, Maria Sozanska, Silesian University of Technology, Katowice,Poland;Lubomirc Cizek, VSB-TU Ostrava, Czech Republic 190

Microstructural Changes of AZ91 Magnesium Alloy after Heat TreatmentAndrzej Kielbus, Silesian University of Technology, Katowice, Poland;Lubomir Cizek, Libor Pawlica, VSB-TU Ostrava, Czech Republic 196

Microstructure of Ultra Fine Grained Mg and Mg-10 wt.% Gd Prepared by High-Pressure TorsionJ. Cizek, 1. Prochazka, I. Stulikova, B. Smola, R. Kuzel, V. Cherkaska, CharlesUniversity, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Prague, Czech Republic;I. Stulikova, B. Smola, Zentrumfur Funktionswerkstoffe GmbH, Clausthal-Zellerfeld,Germany;R.K. Islamgaliev, O. Kulyasova, Institute of Physics of Advanced Materials, UfaState Aviation Technical University, Ufa, Russia 202

Development of New Grain Structure and Tensile Properties Improving in a HotPressed and ECAP Processed ZK60 Magnesium AlloyA. Galiyev, R. Kaibyshev, M. Almakaev, Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems,Ufa, Russia 208

Texture Formation and Texture Modelling of AZ31 Magnesium Wrought AlloyA. Styczynski, Ch. Hartig, R. Bormann, Arbeitsbereich Werkstoffphysik und- Technologie, Technische Universitdt Hamburg-Harburg, 21071 Hamburg, Germany;F. Kaiser, J. Bohlen, D. Letzig, GKSS-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH,21502 Geesthacht, Germany 214

Texture Development of AM20 Tensile Samples Under LoadS.B. Yi, H.-G. Brokmeier, Institute of Materials Engineering, Technical UniversityClausthal, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany;K. U. Kainer, T. Lippmann, Institute of MaterialsEngineering, GKSS-Research Center, Geesthacht, Germany 220

Strengthening Phases in Extruded Quasicrystal Containing Mg-Zn-Y AlloysAlok Singh, A. P. Tsai, M. Nakamura, National Institute for Materials Science,Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan;M. Watanabe, A. KatoToyota, Motor Corporation, Toyota 471-8572, Japan 226

Grain Structure Characterization of AM60 Die Castings by Electron BackscatterDiffraction (EBSD) Measurements in SEMHans I. Laukli, Otto Lohne, Lars Arnberg, Norwegian University of Science andTechnology, Trondheim, Norway 232

Possibilities of ECAP of Magnesium AlloyKatarzyna N. Braszczynska, Institute of Materials Engineering, Technical Universityof Czestochowa, Al. Armii Krajowej 19, 42-200 Czestochowa, Poland 236

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Electron Probe Micro Analysis of Sedimented Zirconium Particles in MagnesiumBruce Davis, Materials Science Department, Oxford University, now MagnesiumElektron, Manchester, UK;Keyna O'Reilly, Materials Science Department, Oxford University, John King,Magnesium Elektron, Manchester, UK 242

Superplasticity in Hot-rolled Magnesium Alloy AZ31 SheetsP. Zhang, J. Wendt, V. Supik, J. Zhang, F. Hollander, Lehrstuhl Metallkunde undWerkstofftechnik, BTU-Cottbus, Cottbus, Germany 248

Extrusion of Magnesium Profiles and Microstructure CharacterizationSb'ren Mutter, Ingwer Denks, Klaus Mutter, Technical University Berlin, Berlin,Germany;Anke Pyzalla, Vienna Technical University, Vienna, Austria 254

Investigating the Plastic Deformation Behaviour of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 byPlane Strain Forging of U and H SectionsM.S. Yong, S.C. V.Lim, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology,Singapore 260

Application of Isothermal Rolling for Improvement of Sheet Formability of aMagnesium AlloyA. Galiyev, R. Kaibyshev, D. Voronin, Institute for Metals Superplasticity Problems,Ufa, Russia 266

Influence of Al Content (<3%) on the Extrusion Limit DiagramMatthew R., BarnettDeakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia;Ji-Yong Yao, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia;Chris Davies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia 272

Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Indirect and HydrostaticExtruded Magnesium AlloysJ. Swiostek, J. Bohlen, D. Letzig, K. U. Kainer, GKSS Research Center, Institute forMaterials Research, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany 278

Improvements to the Rolling-Process in Order to Increase the Formability ofMagnesium Wrought AlloysFriedrich-Wilhelm Bach, Michael Rodman, Mirko Schaper, Arne Rossberg, Instituteof Materials Science (IW), University of Hanover, Germany;Eckart Doege, Gerrit Kurz, Institute for Metal Forming and Metal FormingMachine Tools (IFUM), University of Hanover, Germany 285

The Effect of Strain-Hardening and Process Parameters on the Forgeability ofWrought Magnesium AlloysJohnson C.F. Chan, M.S. Yong, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology;Johnson C.F. Chan, C.J. Tay, National University of Singapore 294

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Superplasticity in Magnesium Alloys Processed by Different-Roll-Speeds RollingShangli Dong, Tsunemichi Imai, Ichinori Shigemastu, Naobumi Saito, Institute forStructural and Engineering Materials, National Institute of Advanced IndustrialScience & Technology (AIST), Nagoya, 463-8560, Japan;Shangli Dong, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China 300

Results of Tempered Hydroforming of Magnesium Sheets with Hydroforming FluidsReimund Neugebauer, Michael Seifert, Fraunhofer Institute of Machine Tools andForming Technology in Chemnitz, IWU, Germany 306

Bending Magnesium ExtrusionsR. Gradinger, M. Brandecker, H. Kilian, A. Wahlen, ARC Leichtmetallkompetenz-zentrum Ranshofen GmbH (LKR), A-5282 Ranshofen, Austria 313

Drawing of Magnesium Wires at Ambient TemperatureJbrg Eickemeyer, Albert Giith, Martina Falter, Ralph Opitz, Leibniz-Institut fiirFestkorper- und Werkstoffforschung Dresden, Institutfur Metallische Werkstoffe,Dresden, Germany 318

The MAGNEXTRUSCO Project: Process and Alloy Development for HydrostaticExtrusion of MagnesiumA.J. den Bakker, W.H. Sillekens, TNO Industrial Technology, Eindhoven,The Netherlands;J. Bohlen, K. U. Kainer, GKSS Research Center, Geesthacht, Germany;G. Barton, RWTH Aachen - Institute of Metal Forming (IBF), Aachen, Germany 324

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Squeeze Cast AM60 Mg CompositesReinforced with AISI 304 WiresJae Joong Kim, Jong Dae Lim, Hyundai Motors Company, Whasung, Korea;Min Soo Yoo, Nack J. Kim, Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH), Pohang, Korea 331

Thermal Strain in Mg CompositesAlexandra Rudajevovd, Pavel Lukdc, Department of Metal Physics, CharlesUniversity, Prague, Czech Republic 337

Synthesis of TiC Dispersed Composite in Mg-alloy MatrixD. W. Lee, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials. Changwonn, Kyungnam,Republika KoreaS.V. Aleksandrovkii, V.M. Sizyakov, D.V. Kutsenko, St. Petersburg Mining Institute(Technical University), Russia 342

Influence of Fibre Preform Permeability on Infiltration of Magnesium-Zinc BaseAlloysM.S. Yong, R.I. Temple, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology, Singapore;A.J. Clegg, Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Lough-borough University, UK 348

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Magnesium Integral Foams - Production and PropertiesMarkus Hirschmann, Matthias Lamm, Carolin Kb'rner, Robert F. Singer, Departmentof Materials Science, Lehrstuhl Werkstqffkunde und Technologie der Metalle (WTM),Friedrich-Alexander- Universitdt Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen,Germany 354

Creep of Reinforced and Unreinforced QE22 Magnesium AlloyM. Pahutova, V. Sklenicka, K. Kucharova, M. Svoboda, Institute of Physics ofMaterials, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-616 62 Brno, CzechRepublic;K.U. Kainer, Institute for Materials Research, Center for Magnesium Technology,GKSS Research Center, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany " 360

Thermal Exposure Behaviour of Aluminum Borate Whisker Reinforced MagnesiumMatrix CompositesM. Y. Zheng, K. Wu, M. Liang, School of Materials Science and Engineering,Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, P. R. China;S. Kamado, Y. Kojima, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Nagaoka Universityof Technology, Nagaoka 940-2188, Japan 366

Creep Properties of Mg Dispersion-strengthened by GraphiteHans Ferkel, Institutfur Werkstoffkunde und Werkstofftechnik, TechnischeUniversitdt Clausthal, Agricolastr. 6, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany 372

High Strength Si-O-C Ceramic Foams for the Reinforcement of Mg-AlloysJ. Zeschky, T. Hqfner, M. Scheffler, P. Greil, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg,Erlangen, Germany;J. Lo, Canada Centre for Mineral and Energy Technology, Ottawa, Ontario,Canada 378

Creep Behavior of Mg-Alloys AE42 and AZ91 Reinforced with Carbon Short FibersS. Ataya, E. El-Magd, Department of Materials Science - LFW, RWTH, Aachen,Germany;S. Mielke, Kolbenschmidt, Neckarsulm, Germany 384

High Performance Magnesium Composite Alloys with Mg,Si Dispersoids viaSolid-state Synthesis ProcessKatsuyoshi Kondoh, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology (RCAST),The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan;Tatsuhiko Aizawa, Center for Collaborative Research (CCR), The University of Tokyo,Tokyo, Japan 390

Fracture Toughness Behaviour of As-Cast and Long-term Annealed Pressure Die CastMagnesium AlloysDoris Regener, Gabriele Dietze, Institute of Materials Engineering and MaterialsTesting, Otto-von Guericke-University Magdeburg, Germany 396

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Influence of Strain Rate and Temperature on Deformation and Fracture Behaviour ofMagnesium Alloy MgA18Zn: Tests and Numerical SimulationsE. El-Magd and M. Abouridouane,Department of Materials Science, RWTH AachenGermany 402

Low-Temperature Superplasticity in Microcrystalline ZK60 and AZ91 MagnesiumAlloys Processed by ECAPV. N. Chuvil'deev, M. Yu. Gryaznov, A. N. Sysoev, Research Physical & TechnicalInstitute ofNizhny Novgorod State University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia;T. G. Nieh, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, University of California,Livermore, USA;V. I. Kopylov, Physical - Technical Institute of National Academy of Science, Minsk,Belarus 409

Structural Durability and Fatigue Life Assessment for Magnesium Diecast SpecimenKarl Ludwig Kofte, Sven Werdin, Dresden University of Technology, Institute ofSolid State Mechanics, Dresden, Germany 415

Microstructure/Property Relationships of Three Mg-RE-Zn-Zr AlloysL. Gill, G. W. Lorimer, Manchester Materials Science Centre, Manchester, UK;P. Lyon, Magnesium Elektron Ltd, Manchester (UK) 421

Influence of Extrusion Methods on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of AZ31Magnesium AlloyJ. Dzwonczyk, N. Hort, K. U. Kainer, GKSS Forschungszentrum GmbH, Geesthacht,Germany 427

Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of Extruded Magnesium Alloy AZ31C.H.J. Davies, F. Xiong, and M. Battaini, Cooperative Research Centre for CastMetals Manufacturing (CAST), School of Physics and Materials Engineering,Monash University, Victoria, Australia, 3800 433

Mechanical Properties of Hot-rolled Magnesium AZ31 SheetsJ. Wendt, V. Supik, P. Zhang and J. Zhang, Chair of Physical Metallurgy andMaterials Technology, Technical University of Brandenburg at Cottbus, Cottbus,Germany 439

High Cycle Fatigue of Magnesium AlloysHerwig Mayer, Bernhard Zettl, Universitdt fur Bodenkultur, Vienna, Austria;Anton Stich, Hans-Giinther Haldenwanger, Audi AG, Ingolstadt, Germany 444

Fatigue Life Prediction of Magnesium Alloys for Structural ApplicationsYukio Miyashita, Zainuddin bin Sajuri, Takashi Umehara and Yoshiharu Mutoh,Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Japan 450

Correlation of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Rolled Magnesium SheetAZ31F. Kaiser, J. Bohlen, D. Letzig, K.U. Kainer, GKSS Research Center GmbH, Geesthacht,Germany;A. Styczynski, Ch. Hartig, Technical University Hamburg-Harburg, Hamburg,Germany 456

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Effect of Warm Forming on Mechanical Properties of an AZ31 Magnesium AlloySheetH. Takuda, H. Fujimoto, D. Inoue, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan 463

Stress State Dependent Deformability of Polycrystalline MagnesiumT. Torkoly, A. Eledd, Gy. Ziaja, Budapest University of Technology and Economics,Budapest, Hungeria 469

A Method to Determine the Damping Behaviour of Coatings on Cast MagnesiumAlloy AZ91J. Goken, D. Letzig, K.U. Kainer, GKSS Research Center, Institute for MaterialsResearch, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany 475

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Heat Treated Mg-Zn-Al Based AlloysValerie Lemaire, Dominique Dube, and Real Tremblay, Universite Laval, Quebec,Canada 483

Analysis of Deformation and Fracture Mechanisms in Mg-AZ31 Sheet MaterialGaofeng Quan , Jiirgen Heerens, Institute for Materials Research, GKSS ResearchCentre, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany 489

Unstable Plastic Deformation in Mg Alloys-post Relaxation EffectZuzanka Trojanovd, Pavel Lukdc, Faculty Mathematics and Physics, CharlesUniversity, Ke Karlovu 5, CZ-121 16 Praha 2, Czech Republic;Lubos Cizek, Technical University Ostrava, Tf. 17. listopadu 2172, CZ-708 00Ostrava, Czech Republic 495

On the Reliability of Yield Strength Data Evaluated from as-cast Tensile Test Barsof Mg-alloysM. Wessen, H. Cao, Jbnkoping University, Jonkoping, Sweden 501

Understanding the Corrosion Mechanism: a Framework for Improving the Per-formance of Magnesium AlloysGuangling Song and Andre j At rens, CRCfor Cast Metals Manufacturing (CAST).Division of Materials, The University of Queensland, Brisbane Qld Aus 4072.Australia 507

Potentiodynamic Studies of Some AZ and ZA Magnesium Alloys in DifferentCorrosive MediaMustafa Ozgiir Oteyaka, Anne-Marie Lafront, Edward Ghali and Real Tremblay,Universite Laval, Quebec, Canada 517

Plating of Magnesium - New DevelopmentsPeter Gregg, Franz Oberflachentechnik GmbH & Co. KG, Geretsried, Germany 524

Surface Treatment of Magnesium SubstratesMichael Walter, AHC Oberflachentechnik Holding GmbH, Kerpen, Germany 529

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Approach to Control the Corrosion of Magnesium by AlloyingV. Kaesel, Volkswagen Group Research, Wolfsburg, formerly Institute for MaterialsScience and Biomedical Engineering Centre, University of Hanover;P.-T. Tai, Fr.-W. Bach, Institute for Materials Science, University of Hanover;H. Haferkamp, Institute for Materials Science, Biomedical Engineering Centre,University of Hanover;F. Witte, H. Windhagen, Hanover Medical School, Hanover, Germany 534

Magnesium Alloys Protection by Microplasmic ProcessingBelozerov Valeriy, Isakov Sergey, Makhatilova Anna, Subbotina Valeriya, NationalTechnical University "Kharkov Polytechnic Institute ", Kharkov; lsakova Tatiana -Innovation Center "MAGICSolutions" ltd., Kharkov, Russia 540

Class A Surface Quality for Magnesium Diecastings Using Ceramic Precursor-basedCoatingsR. Gadow, D. Scherer, C. C. Stahr, University of Stuttgart, Institute for ManufacturingTechnologies of Ceramic Components and Composites - IFKB, Stuttgart, Germany.... 544

Wear and Corrosion Resistant Ceramic-based Multilayer Coatings with Dry LubricationAbilityR. Gadow, D. Scherer, C. C. Stahr, University of Stuttgart, Institute for Manufac-turing Technologies of Ceramic Components and Composites - IFKB, Stuttgart,Germany 548

New Generation of Keronite Process for Corrosion Protection of MagnesiumS. Hutchins, P. Shashkov, V. Samsonov and A. Shatrov, Keronite Ltd, Granta Park,Great Abington, Cambridge CB1 6GP, UK 553

Corrosion Properties of PVD-coated Magnesium Die Cast Alloy AZ91DInvestigation of the Corrosion Properties and the Corrosion Mechanisms of PVD CoatedMagnesium Die Cast Alloy AZ91 for Tribological ApplicationsH. Hoche, E. Broszeit, C. Berger, Staatliche Materialprufungsanstalt und Fachgebietund Institutfur Werkstojfkunde an der Technischen Universitdt Darmstadt, Darmstadt;C. Blawert, GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Geesthacht, Germany 559

Application of Magnesium Alloys Coated with High Purity Mg for Engineering UsageA. Yamamoto, H. Tsubakino, Graduate School of Engineering, Himeji Institute ofTechnology, Himeji, Japan;R. Tamai, Graduate Student of Himeji Institute of Technology, Himeji, Japan 568

Corrosion and Fatigue Behaviour of the Magnesium Die-Cast Alloy AZ91 hp afterSurface TreatmentC. Dindorf, C. Mutter, Technische Universitdt Darmstadt, Germany 574

Corrosion Behaviour in Artificially Corrosion-Oxidation treated Mg AlloysA. Yamamoto, H. Tsubakino, Graduate School of Engineering, Himeji Institute ofTechnology, Himeji, Japan;H. Inaoka, Graduate Student of Himeji Institute of Technology, Himeji, Japan 580

XVII

Corrosion and Oxidation of Thixomolded Magnesium AlloysClaudia Pieper, Uwe Kbster, Helena Alves, University of Dortmund, Germany;Isao Nakatsugawa, The Japan Steel Works, Ltd., Hiroshima, Japan 586

Plasma Electrochemical Synthesis of Protective Coatings on WE54 Magnesium AlloyA. Berkani, P. Skeldon, G.E. Thompson, Corrosion and Protection Centre, Universityof Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 88, Manchester M60 1QD,UK;K. Shimizu, University Chemical Laboratory, Keio University, 4-1-1 Hiyoshi, Yoko-hama 223, Japan;H. Habazaki.., Graduate Engineering School, Hokkaido University, N13 W8, Kita-ku,Sapporo 060-8628, Japan;H. Karimzadeh, Magnesium Elektron, P.O. Box 23, Swinton, Manchester M27 8DD, UK;K. Stevens, C. John, Poeton Industries Ltd., Eastern Avenue, Gloucester GL4 3DN,UK 592

Galvanic Corrosion of Magnesium Alloy AZ91 with Coated ElementsE. Boese, J. Goellner, A. Heyn, Otto-von-Guericke Universitdt, Magdeburg, Germany;St. Eisenberg, Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany 599

Corrosion Protection by Conductive Polymers for Magnesium AlloysA. Yfantis, I. Paloumpa, D. Schmeifier, BTU Cottbus, Department of Applied Physicsand Sensors, Cottbus, Germany;D. Yfantis, NTU Athens, Department of Chemical Engineering, Athens, Greece 605

Plasma Hydrogenation of Mg-based Alloy Films Under High-flux, Low Energy IonIrradiation at Elevated TemperaturesL. L. Pranevicius, Vytautas Magnus University, 8 Vileikos St., LT-3035 Kaunas,Litaric;L. L. Pranevicius, D. Milcius, Lithuanian Energy Institute, 3 Breslaujos St., LT-3035Kaunas, Litaric;G. Thomas, Sandia National Laboratories, 537 Spirit Ridge Court, Reno, NV 89511,USA 611

The Corrosion Performance of Sealed KERONITE Coatings on AZ91D MagnesiumAlloyS. Shrestha, A. Sturgeon, TWI Ltd, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB1 6ALUK;S. Hutchins, P. Shashkov, A. Shatrov, Keronite Ltd, Granta Park, Great Abington,Cambridge CB1 6GX, UK; 6/7

Corrosion Properties of PVD-coated Magnesium Die Cast Alloy AZ91DContact Corrosion Properties of Differently PVD treated Magnesium Die Cast AlloyAZ91H. Hoche, E. Broszeit, C. Berger, Staatliche Materialprufungsanstalt und Fachgebietund Institutfur Werkstoffkunde an der Technischen Universitdt Darmstadt, Darmstadt,Germany;C.Blawert, GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Geesthacht, Germany 623

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Corrosion Stress Relaxation in Magnesium AlloysYa. Unigovski, L. Riber, A. Eliezer, E. M. Gutman, Ben-Gurion University of theNegev, Beer-Sheva, Israel 632

Effect of Small Ca-additions on the Corrosion Resistance of AS41-Mg AlloyVolkmar Neubert, Institutfur Materialpriifung und Werkstofftechnik, Clausthal,Germany;Ashraf Bakkar, Dept. of Metallurgy & Materials Engg., Suez Canal University,Egypt 638

Contribution to the Study of Electrochemical Corrosion of Alloy AZ91 in SelectedEnvironmentS. Lasek, L. Cizek, L. Pawlica, VSB-TU Ostrava, Department of Materials Engineer-ing, Ostrava, Czech Republic 646

Study on Effects of RE, Ca Addition on Stress Corrosion Cracking Behaviour ofMagnesium AlloysZ. L. Wei, Q .R. Chen, X. C. Guo, L. Yang, N. XXiu, Y. W. Huang, Corrosion &Protection Center of Metals, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and InformationTechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences No.865 Changning Road, Shanghai,200050, P.R. China, 649

Comparison of the Corrosion Behaviour Between Two Magnesium Alloys by Electro-chemical Noise and Scanning Reference Electrode TechniqueRobert D. Klassen, Pierre R. Roberge, Department of Chemistry & Chemical Engi-neering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Canada;Anne-Marie Lafront, Mustafa O. Oteyaka, Edward Ghali, Department of Mining andMetallurgy, Laval University, Quebec, Canada 655

Role of Manganese in the Soldering Reaction in Magnesium High Pressure Die CastingC. Tang, M. Brandt, Industrial Research Institute Swinburne (IRIS), Swinburne Uni-versity of Technology, Australia;M. Jahedi, CSIRO Manufacturing and Infrastructure Technology (CMIT), Australia... 661

Extended Casting Simulation for Improved Magnesium Die CastingErik Hepp, MAGMA Giessereitechnologie GmbH, Aachen, Germany;Otto Lohne, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim,Norway;Stian Sannes, Hydro Aluminum Research Center, Porsgrunn, Norway 669

Vertical Direct Chill (VDC) Casting of Magnesium - Optimized Casting Parametersand Safety IssuesFranka Pravdic, Dietmar Leitlmeier, ARC Leichtmetallkompetenzzentrum RanshofenGmbH (LKR), Austria;Christian Wogerer, Gerhard Traxler, ARC Seibersdorf research GmbH (ARCS), Austria;Herbert Hubbauer, HPI Ges.m.b.H, Austria 675

XIX

Innovative Magnetohydrodynamical Effect Use in Casting Magnesium AlloysViktor I. Dubodelov, Vladimir A. Seredenko, Viktor K. Pogorsky, Physico-Techno-logical Institute of Metals & Alloys ofNASU, 34/1 Vernadsky Ave, Kyiv-142,03680, Ukraine;Vladimir G. Tkachenko, International Center for Electronic Materials Science andApplied Problems of Aerospace Technology, 3, Krzhyzhanovsky St, Kyiv-142,03680, Ukraine 681

Magnesium New Rheocasting as an Industrial Process: An Update of RecentDevelopmentsWerner Fragner, Helmut Kaufmann, ARC Leichtmetallkompetenzzentrum RanshofenGmbH (LKR), Ranshofen, Austria;Helmut Helmberger, Ralph Potzinger, TCG Unitech AG, Kirchdorf/Krems, Austria 688

Influence of Process Parameters on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties ofMagnesium Die CastingsC. Pitsaris, T. Abbott, C.H.J. Davies, Monash University, Australia;G. Savage, CSIRO Division of Infrastructure and Manufacturing Technology,Australia 694

Residual Stresses in Thin-walled Hot Chamber Die Cast AZ91d; an Experimental StudyAnders Eric Wollmar Jarfors, Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology,Singapore;Tan Ming Jen, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore;Jonas. Bdckman, University of Jonkoping, Sweden 700

A New Zirconium-rich Master Alloy for the Grain Refinement of Magnesium AlloysMa Qian, D. H. StJohn, Division of Materials Engineering, University of Queensland,Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia;M. T. Frost, Australian Magnesium Corporation Limited (AMC), PO Box 1364,Milton BC, Qld 4064, Australia 706

A Manufacturing Technology of AZ91-alloy Slurry for Semi Solid FormingJi-Young Byun, Soon II Kwon, Heon Phil Ha, and Jin-Kook Yoon, Div. of Materials,Korea Inst. ofSci. and Tech., #39-1 Haweolgok-Dong, Sungbuk-Ku, Seoul 136-791,Republic of Korea 713

Characterization and Removal of Die Lubricant Residue on Magnesium Die CastingsJan Ivar Skar, Robert Orr, Arne Henriksen, Norsk Hydro Research Park, Porsgrunn,Norway;Heike Thamerus, Jochen Caster, Kliiber Lubrication, Munich, Germany 719

Magnesium Die Casting for High PerformanceStian Sannes, Haavard Gjestland, Hdkon Westengen, Magnesium Competence Centre,Hydro Research Park Porsgrunn, N-3907 Porsgrunn, Norway;Hans Ivar Laukli, Otto Lohne, Department of Materials Technology, NTNU, N-7491Trondheim, Norway 725

XX

Influence of Direct Chill Casting Parameters on a Magnesium AlloyD. Ludlow, G. W. Lorimer, Manchester Materials Science Centre, Manchester, UK;J-C. Gebelin, W.D. Griffiths, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK;J. King, T. Wilks, K. Savage, Magnesium Elektron Ltd, Manchester, UK 732

Injection Molding of Magnesium AlloysAndreas Lohmuller, Martin Scharrer, Ralf Jenning, Michael Hilbinger, Mark Hart-mann, Robert F. Singer, Neue Materialen Fiirth GmbH (NMF), Dr.-Mack Strasse 81,D-90762 Furth, Germany 738

Molten Metal Jets Lamination at Pouring into Casting MoldsA. I. Kulinsky, JSCAVISMA Titanium-Magnesium Works, Berezniki, Russia 744

Non-destructive Testing of Cast Magnesium Alloys by Computerized TomographyDr. Bernhard Illerhaus, Dr. Jiirgen Goebbels, Bundesanstalt fur Materialforschungund -prufung (BAM), Berlin, Germany;Dr. Norbert, Dr. Carsten Potzies, Hagen Frank, HortGKSS-ForschungszentrumGmbH, Geesthacht, Germany 746

Investment Casting of MagnesiumM. Rosefort, S. Korte, A. Biihrig-Polaczek, Giesserei-Institut RWTH Aachen,Germany 752

Cast Magnesium Alloys and Technological Processes for Casting ProductionI.Y. Mukhina, I.E. Kovalev, I.N. Fridlyander, I. N. Vasiliev, Federal State UnitaryEnterprise "All-Russian Institute of Aviation Materials", 17 Radio str., Moscow,105005, Russia 758

Rheo-Container-Process (RCP): New Semisolid Forming Method for Light Metal AlloysJulio Aguilar, Tilman Grimming, Andreas Biihrig-Polaczek, Foundry Institute,Aachen University (RWTH), Aachen, Germany 767

Thin Slab Casting as a New Possibility for Economic Magnesium Sheet MetalProductionHeinz Palkowski, Lutz Wondraczek, Institutfiir Metallurgie, Technische UniversitdtClausthal, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany 774

Duplex Process: Crucible Furnace - Salt-Heated Furnace is an Effective Process ofMaking Magnesium AlloysLA. Barannik, I.M. Komelin, Titanium Institute, Zaporozhye, Ukraine 783

Development of a PAM-CRASH Material Model for Die Casting AlloysLars Greve, Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg, Germany 789

Integrated Model for Calculating Microstructural and Forming Parameters of Magne-sium Alloy AZ31 during Hot RollingKawalla, R., Stolnikov, A., Technische Universitdt Bergakademie Freiberg, GermanyCoung, N, Magnesium Flachprodukte GmbH, Freiberg, Germany 803

XXI

Advanced Die Casting Simulation for a Systematical Development of MagnesiumStructural ComponentsChristoph Schendera, Simone Schwarz, Martin Mbser, Fraunhofer IWM, FreiburgGermany;Thorsten Miiller, Fraunhofer IF AM, Bremen, Germany 811

Fatigue Simulation of Light Weight Components of MagnesiumUlrich May, Antje Berg-Pollack, Fraunhofer-Institut fur Betriebsfestigkeit LBF,Darmstadt, Germany 817

Product Development Process Optimization by Linking Design, Numerical Simulationand Process DevelopmentElke Lieven, Moritz Wuth, TAKATA-PETRI Engineering Aschaffenburg - Berlin- Elterlein - Ulm 823

Calculation of Phase Dissolution and Homogenisation after Non-EquilibriumSolidification in MgAlZn AlloysEva Cyrener, Eileen Clauss, Jb'rg Buchner, Westsdchsische Hochschule Zwickau(FH), (University of Applied Sciences), Zwickau, Germany 835

Solidification Curves of AZ-Magnesium Alloys Determined by DSC Experimentsand Heat-transfer Model (DSC-HTM)Djordje Mirkovic, Joachim Grbbner, Rainer Schmid-Fetzer, Technical University ofClausthal, Institute of Metallurgy, Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany 842

Numerical Simulation of Magnesium Alloy Sheet in Thermal Deep-drawing ProcessShi-Hong Zhang, Kun Zhang, Zhong-Tang Wang, Chuan-Fu Yu, YiXu, Ke Yang;Institute of Metal Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, P.R. China 848

Machinability Investigations of Fibre Reinforced MagnesiumKlaus Weinert, Matthias Lange, Department of Machining Technology, Universityof Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany 854

Thermal Spraying of Magnesium Alloys for Corrosion and Wear ProtectionErich Lugscheider, Maria Parco, Materials Science Institute, Aachen University oftechnology, Aachen, Germany;K. U. Kainer, N. Hort, GKSS-Research Centre Geesthacht GmbH, Geesthacht,Germany 860

Welding of Magnesium Alloy AZ91C by CO, Laser and by Friction Stir WeldingP. Volovitch, M. Dhahri, J.-E. Masse, L. Barrallier, MecaSurf ENSAM, Aix en Provence;T. Baudin, Universite Paris-Sud, Orsay, France;B. DaCosta, J.C. Goussain, Institut de Soudure, Yutz, France 869

Investigations of High-Productivity Methods for Joining Magnesium SheetJerry E. Gould and Wayne L. Chuko, Edison Welding Institute Columbus, OH, USA ... 875

XXII

High Speed Minimum Quantity Lubrication Machining of MagnesiumFranz Obermair (Sp), Gunther Klammer, Profactor Produktionsforschungs GmbH,Steyr, Austria 881

Safe and Economically Efficient Use of Coolants in Mechanical Processing ofMagnesium AlloysStefan Joksch, Oemeta Chemische Werke GmbH, Uetersen, Germany 888

Safe Machining of Magnesium Parts by Cutting and Burnishing OperationsB. Denkena, J. C. Becker, C. Podolsky, A. Kuhlmann, Institute of ProductionEngeneering and Machine Tools, University of Hannover, Schlosswender Str. 5,30159 Hannover, Germany 895

Development of a Flux Free Soldering Technology for Magnesium AlloysBernhard Wielage, Silke Mucklich, Institute of Composite Materials, University ofTechnology Chemnitz, Germany 902

Fatigue Strengh of Welded Wrought Magnesium AlloysB. Kleinpeter, M. Rethmeier, H. Wohlfahrt, K. Dilger, Institute for Joining andWelding, Langer Kamp 8, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany 908

Friction Welding of Magnesium: Microstructural CharacterizationA.L. Bowles, N. Hort, A. Meyer, J. F. dos Santos and K. U. Kainer, GKSS Forschungs-zentrum GmbH, Geesthacht, Germany 917

Module Design Concept for Lightweight Automotive SeatsYoung Jin Ko, Jae Joong Kim, Soon Chan Park, Jong Myung Kim, and Jong Dae Lim,Hyundai Motor Company, Whasung, Republic of Korea 924

Cast Magnesium Safety Components - Energy Absorption CapacityD0rum, C, Hopperstad, O.S., Langseth, M., Structural Impact Laboratory (SIMLab)Department of Structural Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Tech-nology 7491 Trondheim, Norway;Lademo, O.G., SINTEF Materials Technology, 7465 Trondheim, Norway;Sannes S., Norsk Hydro ASA, 3907 Porsgrunn, Norway 930

Application of Mg Sheets in Car Body StructuresF. Moll, M. Mekkaoui, S. Schumann, H. Friedrich, Volkswagen AG, Wolfsburg,Germany 936

Experimental Comparison of Automotive Oil Pans: Creep Resistant MagnesiumAlloy vs. Aluminum AlloyP. Vert, Tesma International INC, Concord (Canada);X.P. Niu, Toral Cast-Light Metal Technologies, Concord (Canada);E. Aghion, Dead Sea Magnesium Ltd, Beer-Sheva (Israel);A. Stickler, Magna Advanced Technologies, Aurora (Canada) 943

XXIII

Approaches to Use Magnesium as Structural Material in Car BodyVolker Kaese, Lars Greve, Sven Juttner, Martin Goede, Soenke Schumann,Horst Friedrich, Volkswagen Group Research, Wolfsburg, Germany;Werner Holl, Werner Ritter, AUDILeichtbauzentrum, Neckarsulm, Germany 949

Magnesium Sheets for Industrial ApplicationS. Brdunig, M. During, H. Hartmann, B. Viehweger 955

Magnesium in Automotive Lightweight Design Under Life Cycle AspectsJulia Pflieger, Matthias Fischer, Peter Eyerer, University of Stuttgart, IKP,Department for Life Cycle Engineering, Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany;Jiirgen Stichling, PE Europe GmbH, Leinfelden-Echterdingen, Germany 962

Drawn Magnesium Wire for Robotic Welding and for Mechanical ApplicationsPeter Baumgart (Sp), Drahtwerk Elisental W. Erdmann GmbH & Co., Neuenrade,Germany 968

Recycling Towards Quality Excellence: a Cost Efficient SolutionJuan Gomez-Cordobes, Rauch Melting Technique, Gmunden, Austria 974

Application of Remelted Post Consumer Scrap for Structural Magnesium PartsChristiane Scharf, Andre Ditze, Technische Universitdt Clausthal, lnstitutfiirMetallurgie, 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany;Carsten Blawert, GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, lnstitutfiir Werk-stoffforschung, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany 980

Techniques for Recycling of Magnesium ScrapG. Hanko, C. Lochbichler, W. Riederer, University ofLeoben, Austria;G. Macher, ecka granules - nonferrum Metallpulver Gesellschaft; St. Georgen beiSalzburg; Austria 988

Industrial Application of the AMCover Cover Gas System for Magnesium MeltProtectionSimon Cashion, Rob Bailey, Australian Magnesium Corporation (AMC), Milton,BC, Australia;Nigel Ricketts, Cooperative Research Centre for Cast Metals Manufacturing(CAST), Brisbane, Australia 995

Environmental Friendly Protection System for Molten MagnesiumF.-W. Bach, A. Karger, Ch. Pelz, Institute of Materials Science (IW), Universityof Hanover, Germany Linde AG, Unterschleifiheim, Germany 1001

New Perspectives with Magnesium SheetPeter Juchmann, Sebastien Wolff, Salzgitter Magnesium-Technologie GmbH,Salzgitter, Germany 1006

Experiment and Simulation for Optimisation of Production and Usage Qualificationof Magnesium Components - Objectives and Results of the Fraunhofer Alliance»Magnesium Light Weight Construction«Johann Georg Blauel, Thomas Gbtz, Fraunhofer IWM, Freiburg, Germany;Jens Standfuss, Fraunhofer IWS, Dresden, Germany 1013

XXIV

Solidification Morphology and Shrinkage Behavior of Mg-Alloys in Chill- andSand CastingA. Hennings, E. Schaberger-Zimmermann, A. Biihrig-Polaczek, Foundry Institute,RWTH Aachen, Germany 1020

InMak-Innovative Magnesium Combined Structures for Car BodiesJ.-F. Lass, Institute of Materials Science, University of Hannover, Germany;A. Metz, M. Wappelhorst, Honsel GmbH & Co. KG., Meschede, Germany;E. Hombergsmeier, EADS, Ottobrunn, Germany;H. Lanzerath, Ford Forschungszentrum, Aachen, Germany;P. Baumgart, Drahtwerk Elisental W. Erdmann GmbH & Co, Neuenrade, Germany;P. Cordini, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V., Hannover, Germany 1026

Research Activities on Magnesium Alloys at Seoul National University, KoreaKwang Seon Shin, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Research Instituteof Advanced Materials, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea 1034

Mg-Chassis - Advanced Manufacturing Technology for Automotive ChassisComponents through Extensible and Sustainable Use of Mg AlloysAlexandra Ziese, Gerald Rausch, Dirk Lehmhus, Thorsten Mutter, FraunhoferInstitute for Manufacturing and Advanced Materials (IFAM), Bremen, Germany 1040

The MAGNEXTRUSCO project: European Community Research on HydrostaticExtrusion of MagnesiumW.H. Sillekens, TNO Industrial Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands;J. Bohlen, GKSS Research Center, Geesthacht, Germany 1046

Static Recrystallisation and Textural Changes in Warm Rolled Pure MagnesiumRavi Kumar Nadella, Indradev Samajdar and Giinter Gottstein, Institutfur Metallkunde und Metallphysik, RWTH Aachen, D-52056 Aachen, Germany 1052

Author Index 1059