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Magnatism Part 2.notebook 1 May 01, 2016 Chapter 17 Electromagnets and Induction Key Questions �� Why are there magnets in an electric motor? �� How is the electricity that powers all of the appliances in your home generated? �� What is the purpose of a transformer on a power line?

Transcript of Magnatism Part 2.notebookraffertycentral.weebly.com/uploads/5/9/4/1/59415999/magnetism_pa… ·...

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Chapter17 Electromagnets and Induction

Key Questions�� Why are there magnets in anelectric motor?�� How is the electricity thatpowers all of the appliances inyour home generated?�� What is the purpose of atransformer on a power line?

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Magnetism is created by moving charges, either in an electric current or in the atoms that make up a material.

Electromagnets are magnets created by electric current flowing in wires.

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The biggest magnet on Earth is the planet itself. Earth has a magnetic field that has been useful to travelers for thousands of years.

As early as 500 B.C. people discovered that some naturally occurring materials had magnetic properties. The Greeks observed that one end of a suspended piece of lodestone pointed north and the other end pointed south,helping sailors and travelers find their way.

 A compass is a device containing a magnet that interacts with Earth’s magnetic field to indicate direction.

By 1200, explorers from Italy were using a compass to guide ocean voyages beyond the sight of land

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For a long time, people believed electricity and magnetism were unrelated. As scientists began tounderstand electricity better, they searched for relationships between electricity and magnetism.

1819, Hans Christian Øersted, a Danish physicist and chemist, placed a compass needle near a wire in a circuit. When a switch in a  circuit is closed, the compass needle moves just as if the wire were a magnet.

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Magnetism is created by moving charges. Electric current is made of movingcharges 

The experiment with the compasses shows that a wire carrying electric currentmakes a magnetic field around it.

The strength of the magnetic field near the wire depends on two factors:

1. The strength is directly proportional to the current, so doubling the currentdoubles the strength of the field.

2. The field strength is inversely proportional to the distance from the wire.The field gets stronger as you move closer to the wire. It gets weaker the farther you get.  

 

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Permanent magnets and electromagnets work together to make electric motors and generators.

Electric motors convert electrical energy into mechanical energy.

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Using a single magnet to spina disk of magnets. Reversing the magnet inyour fingers attracts and repels the magnetsin the rotor, making it spin.

The disk is called the rotor because it can rotate.

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Chapter17 Electromagnets and InductionHow the electromagnets in a motor operate

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All types of electric motors must have three parts  They are:1 A rotating part (rotor) with magnets that alternate.

2 One or more fixed magnets around the rotor.

3 A commutator that switches the direction of current in the electromagnetsback and forth in the right sequence to keep the rotor spinning.

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