Maesgwartha

7/31/2019 Maesgwartha

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A.P.A.C. Ltd.

Archaeological Perspectives Analysis Consultancy

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVALUATION


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A.P.A.C. Ltd St Maelogs, Maesgwartha EV/MAE/08

Summary

This report details the archaeological evaluation work undertaken by Dr N

Phillips of A.P.A.C. Ltd in order to comply with planning conditions required for

planning application BBNP 07/01276/Ful, on land adjacent to St Maelogs, Forge Row,

Maesgwatha, Gilwern.

A written Scheme of Investigation for the work (WSI/MAE/08) was submitted to the

Local Planning Authority and its design agreed before work commenced. The

evaluation was contracted by Mr N. A. Perrin, of Forge Oak Ltd, in relation to

proposed work to be undertaken at the above property. The proposed work

involves the demolition of a modern bungalow St Maelogs, and the construction of

three domestic dwellings.

As part of the planning process, Glamorgan Gwent Archaeological Trust (GGAT)

advised the planning department that the proposed work at the site would likely

impact of archaeological resources pertaining to Clydach Ironworks (1800-1844).

GGAT therefore recommended that in order for the work to progress, the client

would need to engage an archaeologist to undertake preliminary evaluation work

at the site Dr N Phillips from A P A C Ltd began the work on 21 st June 2008


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C O N T E N T S

Page

1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 5

2. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE........................................................ 5

3. ARCHAEOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL BACKGROUND....................................... 5


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List of Figures

Figure 01 Location Map

Figure 02 Site Plan

Figure 03 Map progressions

Figure 04 Plan trench A

Figure 05 Stratigraphy trench A

Figure 06 Plan trench B

Figure 07 Stratigraphy trench B

Figure 08 Plan trench C

Figure 09 Stratigraphy trench C

Figure 10 Plan trench D

Figure 11 Stratigraphy trench D

Figure 12 Impact assessment

Fi 13 Miti ti l


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List of Plates

Plate 01 Trench A, General view




Plate 05 Trench A, West of building

Plate 06 Trench A, Hand stamped bricks

Plate 07 Trench A, Profile of curved channel

Plate 08 Trench A, Feature [143]

Plate 09 Trench A, Finds

Plate 10 Trench A, Napoleon III stamped tiles

Plate 11 Trench A, Jam pot base

Plate 12 View of Old Forge c1920

Plate 13 Trench B, General view

Plate 14 Trench B, Maximum depth at culvert

Plate 15 Trench B, Features [135] [136]

Plate 16 Trench B, Features [134]

Plate 17 Trench B Iron pan [129]


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1. INTRODUCTION

This report details the evaluation trenching undertaken by Dr Neil Phillips, A.P.A.C. Ltd, in response

to a proposed programme of works that will involve demolition of the bungalow, St Maelogs,

Maesgwartha, (NGR SO 2354 1403), fig 01 and the ensuing ground works required for the

construction of three detached residential properties on land believed to have once been occupied

by The Llanelly Forge.

The client, Mr N. Perring, Forge Oak Ltd., having submitted a planning application to BreconBeacons Parks (07/01276/FUL), had been advised by the Curatorial Division of Glamorgan-Gwent

Archaeological Trust, that the proposed works were likely to have significant impact on

archaeological resources within the development area. Therefore, archaeological evaluation

trenching would be required to inform the course of any planning permission.

A Project Design WSI/MAE/08; formatted according to the recommended model detailed in the

English Heritage document The Management of Archaeological Projects, Second Edition (1991),

set out the methodology of the evaluation trenching based on information presented in theArchaeological Evaluation Brief prepared by The Curatorial Division of Glamorgan Gwent

Archaeological Trust, (Parry 2008).

The parcel of land to be investigated is not a scheduled ancient monument but is in close proximity

to; c300m NW of: (SAM BR160).

2. LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION OF THE SITE


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sides, facilitating the charging of materials from above and their withdrawal from below (Parry2008).

Today the gorge is the focus of an important communication route as evidenced by the expansion

works currently in progress on the A465 Heads of the Valley road. Earlier evidence of the

exploitation of this route can be seen from the rail link, tram roads and inclines dating from the

industrial period, which cut into, and precipitously tower over, the gorge.

Although it is not possible to entirely rule out, even earlier communication systems, the ruggednessof the gorge is unlikely to have offered itself as a prime candidate as a communication link between

the fertile Usk Valley and the inhospitable upland of the South Wales Coalfields.

Documentary evidence of industrial exploitation in the gorge dates from 1606 with the Hanburys of

Pontypool establishing, amongst their other interests; The Clydach Furnace, a few hundred metres

NW (Rees. 268 1968). It is however, possible that Hanbury had established a furnace in the area by

1590 (ibid).

Although it is possible that The Llanelly Forge may have come into existence by 1615 to serve

Llanelly Furnace, 1606 1860s; possible inference being drawn from the documentary evidence

which records: 1693 Francis Lewis is the clerk of the works of which the forge and its pond are part,

Rees suggests that the latter end of the seventeenth century would be more likely (Rees. 58 1969).

In 1800 a tinplate mill had been built on the site (ibid).

As well as the works buildings themselves, the industry owners provided accommodation and

infrastr ct re for their emplo ees and their families all of hich are greatl in e idence in the area


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Working from left hand maps P2 and P3, 1903-1920, lack of enclosing walls and internal detail

convey more of an impression of dereliction.

As there has obviously been much activity at the site, the potential existed for the development to

impact on substantial archaeological remains from the industrial period.

It should be noted however, that there was an expectation that modern drainage works had already

caused damage to the underlying archaeological integrity of the site.

4. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of this evaluation was to:

Elucidate the character, distribution, extent and importance of the known and potential

archaeological remains, extant in the development area; allowing for the production of a sufficiently

detailed report to be used to inform and mitigate any associated development.

This will be realized through the following objectives:

This evaluation report will provide sufficiently detailed information to allow informed decisions to

safeguard the archaeological resource, to be taken on the basis of its contents.

This evaluation will attempt to; specifically, establish the presence and extent of potential significant

archaeological deposits, features and structures, which may be identified in the fieldwork.


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used to locate the boundary of the site, extant features, excavated features and levels to establishthe layout of 10m site grid; to accurately, facilitate any future work.

The survey data was processed in CivilCad 6, exported into AutoCad 2007 for publication.

Documentary research was undertaken at the National Library of Wales, and the Royal Commission

for Ancient and Historical Monuments Wales.

Assessment and analysis of all data collected or compiled has been undertaken and included in this

report.

A complete archive of the work undertaken will be deposited with Brynmawr museum.

6. RESULTS

Trench A,

General description:

Excavation of Trench A, by mechanical digger, proved to be extremely difficult as the archaeology

was literally at surface level for most of its area. Only the two terminal ends allowed for any

unobstructed depth to be reached.

Th t h d 10 3 li d t/ t d h d i d th f 1 3 t th


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At the western edge of the building, a similar iron pan surface [147] was encountered at a depth of

0.8m. This was excavated by hand to a further depth of 0.3m but flooding from an unknown source

brought work to an end before the building base could be reached, Plate05.

At approximately 0.5m below ground surface, the Masonry structure is replaced by course, yellow

brick some of which bear the hand stamp MC CO, Plate 06. It has not been possible to trace this

stamp mark.

The brick structure uncovered; within the confines of the trench, consists of four brick lined corner

pieces with masonry and stone cores, Plates 1-4.

Each corner piece measures 1.52m east/west and are separated from each other by a brickwork

area comprising two channels and a dividing wall. The centrally placed dividing wall measures

0.46m whilst the channels are 0.6m wide and curve upwards from the central wall at a radius of

0.95m, Plate 07. The entire structure is divided through the middle by a brick lined channel which

has a large masonry block at each edge.

The channel was found to contain lime mortar [151] to a height of the curved channels.

Stratigraphy:

The stratigraphic sequence is uniform north/south but not east/west, therefore, the north section, fig

4 gives the full sequence throughout the trench. The Harris matrix is shown in fig 05.

[142] i t d b th ti f th d ll t th t A th d ll


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[150] is a layer that is identical to [146] and again similar finds were collected. The layer also

appears to overlay a compact iron pan similar if not identical to [147].

Finds:

Plates 9 and 10, show the sample of finds taken from context [146]/[150]. The sampling strategy was

to collect readily dateable type finds. Two objects were researched in some detail and most of the

glass ware tended to fall into the same broad time period of the late 19th early 20th century; as was

clearly identifiable by their moulding techniques.

A third source for dating, the embossed tiles, Plate 10 was also included.

The earthen ware pot shown in Plate 9 bears the embossed label NOT Genuine UNLESS

BEARING W P HARTLEYS LABEL Plate 11. William Pickles Hartley, started jam production in

1871 but in 1884 the company became William Hartley & Sons ltd. (Hartley Family 2008).

The large Green bottle bears the embossed label: SMITH & Co LAMBERHURST LIMITED. Smith &

Co were recorded as brewers at Lamberhurst since 1833 (wheasheafcrowborough) whilst record

AMS5681/56/29 shows the company sold to The Dartford Brewery in 1921. This 88 year period can

be narrowed however; the bottle has an applied lip with internal screw which came into use after

1872, (Fletcher 1975). The applied lip itself is the improved type and this has been added to a

hinged embossing mould, probably datable between 1890-1910, (ibid).

Four examples of stamped roof tile were collected, each bearing the head of NAPOLEON III

EMPEREUM d t i t i t i i th d COLTHURST SYMONDS & CO


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Trench B,

General description:

It proved to be impractical to excavate the complete 10 x 3m area of Trench B, by mechanical

digger, due to the nature of the ground fill. The northern end was in the vicinity of an unrecorded

service pipe, whilst the centre of the trench was bisected, diagonally by a masonry wall, Plate 13.

Safety was the overriding concern in the southern section as the entire fill was made up of unstable

rubble deposits. This consideration impacted on the clearing and recording work in this instance.

The trench covered an irregular area 10m long by x 3m wide, aligned north/south and reached a

maximum depth of 1.97m in the southern end at the culvert, Plate 14. The average depth throughout

was 1.2m.

Excavation at the southern section of the trench, revealed a brick lined drain, Plate 15, a masonry

wall, Plate 16, a domed area of compacted ferrous material, Plate 17 and the culvert and wall Plate

18.

Excavation at the northern edge of the trench produced the corner of a brick building and the brick

arch of the culvert, Plate 19.

A plan and portions of elevation of the excavated trench is given in fig 6, whilst fig 7 details the

stratigraphic matrix: images relevant to this description can be found in the plates section.


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Between [134] and [135] is a very compact surface of ferrous material. The feature forms a domealigned roughly east/west across the trench and runs under the wall [134].

In the eastern half of trench B, the structures are brick and mortar. They comprise, two partial

remains of a wall [130], Plate 19; which align to each other at 90 and are aligned with wall [125] and

the continuation of the brick arch [131].

Structure [131] lies at a depth of 0.85m beneath the ground surface

Stratigraphy:

The unstable nature of the ground being made up of episodes of fill made it unsafe to carry out in

depth recording. The results of the work can be seen in fig 06 with the Harris matrix plotted in fig 07.

[124] has been assigned to the topsoil which varied between less than 0.05m to 0.25m in the north

west corner of the trench.

[125] is the bisecting masonry wall discussed above.

[126] is a deposit of clay with some rubble, shown to the right of plate, Plate 23. The layer tilts to the

north and may be a cut; associated with unrecorded service pipe work in the immediate vicinity.

[127] is a layer of fine ash and cinder, again probably cut by [126] but above structure [130] and

b d d b ll [125]


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[139] stone arch, see above.

[140] is a very layer of large rubble fill containing sizable blocks of masonry. Starting at about 0.45m

beneath ground level this layer extends beyond the depth of excavation achieved at 1.2m. [140] was

only found in the south of the trench B.

Finds:

No finds were collected from this trench as the majority of the fill was obviously derived from fairly

recent work by the water board. Of the deeper levels in the south of the trench, Plate 24 shows the

type of building rubble that abounded.

One find of interest was recorded; a large carved block of stone, Plates 25 & 26 which came from

the exposed mouth of the culvert. It is possible that this may be the axle block for a water wheel, the

wheel pit having been inadvertently destroyed by the work of the water board.

Interpretation:

The archaeological information collected for the structure would tend to suggest that wall [125] and

culvert arch [139] are part of the original buildings identified in the 1880 OS map fig 03.

As was mentioned above, the 1880 map shows the wheel pit in this vicinity and the presence of the

culvert and possible wheel axle stone would tend to support this.

W ll 134 b i t d ith th h l it it lf b t i ffi i t i f ti l d t


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The southern end of the trench has two brick walls [113] and [116] which run northeast/southwestand may be associated with the modern service pipe [115].

Beneath [113] is a masonry wall [114] and at the base of that is a brick surface [116].

The only other notable feature is a modern pond lining on a raised platform of stone blocks [122],

Plate 29.

Stratigraphy:

The results of the recording work on this trench can be seen fig 08 with the Harris matrix plotted in

fig 09.

[109] has been assigned to the topsoil which varied between depths of 0.10m to 0.35m.

[110] is a layer of rubble fill, mostly brick, Plate 29, which varies in depth at the north end from less

than 0.15m to 1.2m in the south. It is possible that the brick has been used as a levelling exercise,

possibly related to the construction of the pipeline [115].

[111] is a black greasy deposit of charcoal and clay, Plate 27. The deposit is bounded by [119] and

[120] but extends beyond the excavation to the east and north.

[112] is a layer of red sandy clay with masonry inclusions, Plate 30. Context [112] is confined to the

b k i l d th id i t f th t h


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Plate 32. As can be seen the fill relates to the demolition of the building varying from roof tile to

melted brick.

Interpretation:

The archaeological information collected for the structure [119] would tend to suggest that it is the

remains of a substantial building. This is borne out by its construction materials.

Its position, when plotted on the 1880 OS map, fig 03, coincides with that of the original works plans

and it is possible that the drop in level of the floor, noted above, is associated with a cross wall on

the plan P1.

If this is the case then the building went out of use between 1880 and 1903, fig 03 P1 & P2.

There is no depiction of the brick structures to the south of [119] but it has to be noted that the

service pipe is aligned remarkably well with the gap between the walls, Plate 28. It is possible

therefore that the walls are contemporary with the service pipe rather than the service pipe being laid

along a pre existing channel.

This interpretation however, does not account for the masonry wall [114] or the brick surface [116].

A possible clue to the buildings within the trench may come from the c 1920 photograph, Plate 12,

which shows a large brick chimney stack in this position. If this is the case then the substantial

rubble layer [110] would have had to have been deposited after the demolition of the stack and

th f ft th h t h t k


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[101] is a layer of grey/black humic soil with small quantities of angular gravel and small stone. The

context slopes downward, west/east from 0.1m 0.4m beneath ground level.

[102] is a layer of red silty clay with occasional stones and rounded pebbles. This layer is of fairly

uniform thickness and also dips to the east, reaching a depth of 0.5m beneath ground level.

[103] again of uniform thickness and slope is now made up of heavy rubble inclusions derived from

building demolition. This context reaches a depth 0f 0.74m to the south east.

[104] is a thin band of dark brown humic soil with few stone inclusions however, there are a few

yellow bricks to the west end.

[105] is a coarse grey cinder deposit.

[106] a red/black fine mix of ash and soil.

[107] is another coarse grey cinder deposit but this time containing lumps of iron slag.

[108] red clay with occasional pebbles.

Finds:

There were no finds from this trench.


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Fig 12 shows projections for the archaeology based on measured surveys made of the large

buildings uncovered in trenches A, B and C. The predicted lines assume that the edges of thebuildings still exist and that they continue in a straight line.

This assumption may be wrong as regards the predicted archaeological resources remaining north

of both trenches A and B as it is known that the water board undertook extensive excavation in these

areas, in the recent past.

With the above caveat in mind, then proposed building B1 will have a serious impact on the

archaeological resources predicted from trench A.

The same must also be inferred for proposed building B2 and its impact on the archaeological

resources predicted from trench C.

Fig 12 also shows that proposed garage plot G1 should impact on the archaeological resources of

trench B. In this instance, the evaluation trenching showed that there is every possibility that the

archaeology has already been destroyed.

9. PROPOSED AVOIDANCE OR MITIGATION MEASURES

In order to avoid any impact on the archaeological resources present at the site the following

measures are proposed:

Re positioning of the proposed building plots.


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10. ARCHIVE

Brynmawr Museum has been notified of the intention to deposit the project archive and this has

been accepted

The project archive will consist of all original records, artefacts, ecofacts/samples and all

documentation that relates to the evaluation. Copies of the WSI and any relevant correspondence

will be included. The Archaeological Contractor will endeavour to persuade the legal owner of any

artefacts, to transfer them to Brynmawr Museum.

The archive will be prepared according to the Management of Archaeological Projects, English

Heritage, Second Edition, (1991) so the records will be fully ordered and indexed.

The archive will comply with the United Kingdom Institute for Conservation (Archaeology Section)

Guidelines for the Preparation of Excavation Archives for Long-Term Storage (1990) the Society of

Museum Archaeologists Towards An Accessible Archive (1995) and to the reasonable requirements

of Brynmawr Museum.

The archive will be deposited within twelve months of the completion of the evaluation and with the

agreement of the landowner.

A synopsis of the archive will be lodged with the Historic Environment Record.

A synopsis of the project will be submitted to CBA Wales while an academic report will be published

i h G L l Hi J l


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12. BIBLIOGRAPHY

BGS 1990. British Geological Survey 1:50 000. England and Wales Sheet 232.

Abergavenny. Solid and Drift Geology.

Edge. D., 2004 Images of Wales Around Gilwern. Tempus.

Fletcher, E., 1975 Bottle Collecting. Poole: Blanford Press.

Hartley Family 2008 http://www.hartleyfamily.org.uk/Fame2SZ.htm

Hughes. S., 2005 SWB/JE/PER0201 St Mealog, Forge Row Gilwern.

Maylan, N.,2007 MON1159/CNM Replacement of one Dwelling and Two New Dwellings

Murles, Brian J, Somerset Brick & Tile Manufacturers: A Brief History and Gazetteer,

Somerset Industrial Archaeological Society, 2000

Parry J., 2008 MON1159/JP LAND ON AND ADJACENT TO ST MAELOG, FORGE

ROW MAESGWATHA GILWERN BRIEF FOR
http://www.hartleyfamily.org.uk/Fame2SZ.htmhttp://www.hartleyfamily.org.uk/Fame2SZ.htmhttp://www.hartleyfamily.org.uk/Fame2SZ.htm


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Fig 01:LocationA.P.A.C. Ltd EV/MAE/08

St Maelogs Forge Row, Maesgwartha

A465F

orge

Row

St Maelog


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A.P.A.C. Ltd EV/MAE/08

St Maelogs, Forge Row, Maesgwartha


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P1

P2

Breconshire Sheet XLII. 13 1880. 1:2.500

Breconshire Sheet XLII. 13 1903. 1:2.500

A

BC

D

A

BC

D


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3

2

M

1

0

0 1 2 3 4 M 5 6 7 8 9 10

0

1

M

0

1

M

Brick

Stone

Iron Pan

Mortar

Lime mortar

Limitofexcavation

Break ofslope

EVALUATION TRENCH A NORTH WEST SECTION

PLAN VIEW

N

Plasticsheeting

Fig 04. Trench A. Plan and sectionA.P.A.C. Ltd EV/MAE/08

143

151

152

151

150

150

148

148

147

147

147

146

146 146

149

149

152

152

152

145

145145145

144

144 144

142

142

Masonry tie course

Brick drain?

Black soil

Black soilwith root

Black/grey soilwith rubble

Iron pan

Building

Redclay fillModern rubble

Lime mortar

Mortar

143

147

ST Maelogs, Forge Row Maesgwartha

151


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3

2

M

1

0

0 1 2 3 4 M 5 6 7 8 9 10

0

1

M

0

1

M

0 1 2M0 1

M

A

Secti

on

A

B

Section

B

B Section BA Section A

Brick

Stone

Iron Pan

Mortar

Lime mortar

Tile

Limitofexcavation

Break of

slope

N

UNEXCAVATED DUE TO INSTABILITYUNEXCAVATED DUE

TO MODERN SERVICES

EVALUATION TRENCH B WEST SECTION

PLAN VIEW

Fig 06. Trench B. Plan and sectionA.P.A.C. Ltd EV/MAE/08

125

125

125

133

133

134

132

132

132

135

135

130

130

129

129

128 131

131

138

138

138

136 140

139

139

140

134

134

127

128

127

126

126

124

124

124

TopsoilMasonry wall

Clay with rubble

Cinder

Coarse cinderIron pan

Brick wall

Brick culvertarch

Lime /rubble fill

Dark brown humic/rubble

Stone wallBrick drain

Stone slabfloor

CutStone Arch

Large masonry fill



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3

2

M

1

0

0 1 2 3 4 M 5 6 7 8 9 10

0

1

2

M

0

1

2

M

Brick

Stone

Iron Pan

Mortar

Charcoal

RedSoil

Ash

Limitof

excavation

Break ofslope

Fig 08. Trench C. Plan and sectionA.P.A.C. Ltd EV/MAE/08

110

120

110

110

118

118

117

116

117

117

115

115

115

120

122

123

123

121

122

123

114

114

113

113

116

116

112

119

119

112

110

111

111

111

109

109

109

114

Black topsoil

Rubble fillBlack greasy charcoal

Redsandy clay basedrubble

Brick feature

Stone wall

Pipe

Brick floor

Compactedsurface

Compacted ash

Edge of building

Brick wall

Brick pillar

Rubble andmortar fill[119]Fish pond

EVALUATION TRENCH C PLAN VIEW

EAST SECTION

UN-EXCAVATED AREA

N



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Fig 10 Trench D. SectionA.P.A.C. Ltd EV/MAE/08

102

100

101

105

104

103

102

101

103

104

105 106

107

108

Surface

Grey/black,humic,small gravel

Red silty/clay.Few stones and pebbles

Rubble,yellow brick,pan tile,stone,lime mortar

Humic dark brown soil few stones

Grey cinder deposit,coarse 108

107

106Red/black fine ash/soil

Grey cinder deposit with slag

Red alluvium clay with river cobbles

0 1 M 2 3

EVALUATION TRENCH D SOUTH SECTION

Brick

Stone

Tile

Limit ofexcavation

0

1

M



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Fig 12:Impact assessmentA.P.A.C. Ltd EV/MAE/08


A

B

C

D

B1

B2

B3

G1

G2P

ath

(u

m)

St Maelog's

RIVER

Crown Copyright 2008. All rights reserved. Licence number 100020449

Archaeology

Archaeology

Archaeology

Proposed plots

Trenches

Archaeological

projections

10m Grid


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Fig 13:Mitigation proposalA.P.A.C. Ltd EV/MAE/08


A

B

C

D

B1

B2

B3

G1

G2P

ath

(u

m)

St Maelog's

RIVER

Crown Copyright 2008. All rights reserved. Licence number 100020449

Archaeology

Archaeology

Archaeology

Proposed plots

original positions

Trenches

Archaeological

projections

10m Grid


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Plate 04: Trench A, general view





St Maelogs, Forge Row, MaesgwarthaDSC01908

DSC01909

DSC01907

DSC01910


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5:

Plate 08: Trench A, feature [143]

Plate 06: Trench A, hand stamped bricks

Plate 07: Trench A, prole of curved channel

Plate 05: Trench A, west of building



CAN11

DSC01866

DSC01863


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5:

Plate 12: Old Forge c. 1920

Plate 10: Trench A, Napoleon III stamped tiles

Plate 11: Trench A, Jam pot base

Plate 09: Trench A, nds



DSC02420

DSC02421

DSC02422

Scanlogo

DSC02298

(Edge 2004)


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5:

Plate 16: Trench B, Feature [134]

Plate 14: Trench B, Maximum depth at culvert

Plate 15: Trench B, Features [135] [136]

Plate 13: Trench B, General view



DSC0169

DSC01902

DSC01896

DSC01898


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5:

Plate 20: Trench B, Feature [139]

Plate 18: Trench B, Wall and culvert

Plate 19: Trench B, Brick structures [130] [131]

Plate 17: Trench B, Iron pan[129]



DSC0181

DSC0190

DSC01899


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5:

Plate 24: Trench B, Contexts [133][140]

Plate 22: Trench B, Inside the culvert

Plate 23: Trench B, northern section

Plate 21: Trench B, Masonry arch



DSC01905

DSC01900

DSC01897


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DSC02355

DSC02354

Plate 25: Trench B, Waterwheel axle?

Plate 26: Trench B, Waterwheel axle? Plate 27: Trench C, General viewA.P.A.C. Ltd EV/MAE/08

PhotomergeDSC01916,DSCO1917&DSCO1918


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5:

Plate 31: Trench C, Southern end

Plate 29: Trench C, Pond?

Plate 30: Trench C, mid point, eastern section

Plate 28: Trench C, Southern end of trench



DSC01921

DSC01920

DSC01925

DSC01927


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Plate 33: Trench D, Southern section

Plate 32: Trench C, Finds



DSC0229

7

DSC01868

Maesgwartha

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