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Mae A. Davenport Department of Forest Resources Center for Changing Landscapes University of...
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Transcript of Mae A. Davenport Department of Forest Resources Center for Changing Landscapes University of...
Mae A. DavenportDepartment of Forest ResourcesCenter for Changing LandscapesUniversity of Minnesota
Watershed Planning WorkshopEau Claire, WisconsinAugust 6, 2015
COMMUNITY CAPACITY IN WATERSHED PLANNING
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Do you feel personally obligated to engage in conservation practices?
Vermillion River Watershed Landowner Survey, n ≥ 303 (some items adapted from Genskow & Prokopy, 2010; Schultz, 2001)
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
N/DKDisagreeAgree
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Multi-level Community Capacity Model
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Behavior
Sense of Responsibili
ty
Awareness
Values
Social Norms
Perceived ability
Moral Norms
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Community Member Action
Programmatic capacity
Organizational capacity
Individual capacity
Relational capacity
Perceived trust,
legitimacy, fairness
Community identity &
Culture
Community Capacity
“The interaction of human capital, organizational resources, and social capital
existing within a given community that can be leveraged to solve collective
problems and improve or maintain the well-being of that community”
(Chaskin et al. 2001, pg. 7)
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What is a community?
Figure 1. What is a community? (adapted from Wilkinson, 1991)
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Activity: CC Worksheet
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Programmatic Capacity
Organizational Capacity
Relational Capacity
Individual capacity
Individual capacity
Individual-based water
programming
Community-based water programming
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Trust, legitimacy, and fairness
Programmatic Capacity
Organizational Capacity
Relational Capacity
Individual capacity
Individual capacity
Individual-based water
programming
Community-based water programming
Different• Goals• Audiences• Tools• Criteria for successNew• Challenges• Opportunities• Outcomes
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Perceived trust,
legitimacy, and fairness
Minnesota SWCD Staff Survey: Importance and Performance of Groundwater Protection Actions
Local community member engagement (e.g., landowners, farmers, residents)
Education and outreach
Conservation practice implementation
Planning
Land use policy/ordinance development
Monitoring
Administration and grant management
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
Importance
Source: 2015 Minnesota Soil and Water Conservation Districts Groundwater Survey (Pradhananga & Davenport)Responses based on a five-point scale from not at all important (-2) to extremely important (+2)n≥178
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Minnesota SWCD Staff Survey:Importance and Performance of Groundwater Protection Actions
Source: 2015 Minnesota Soil and Water Conservation Districts Groundwater Survey (Pradhananga & Davenport)Responses based on a five-point scale from not at all important (-2) to extremely important (+2), very ineffective (-2) to very effective (+2)n≥178
Local community member engagement (e.g., landowners, farmers, residents)
Education and outreach
Conservation practice implementation
Planning
Land use policy/ordinance development
Monitoring
Administration and grant management
0 0.5 1 1.5 2
ImportancePerformance
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COMMUNITY-BASED PROGRAMMING
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Programmatic Capacity
Organizational Capacity
Relational Capacity
Individual capacity
Individual capacity
Individual-based water
programming
Community-based water programming
educationregulation
technical assistance
financial incentives
knowledge sharing
relationship building
community organizing
feedbacknorm
activation
leadership developme
ntpartnerships
conflict manageme
ntstrategic planning
civic engageme
nt
evaluation &
adaptation
educationregulation
technical assistance
financial incentives
coordination
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Perceived trust,
legitimacy, and fairness
collaborative
planning
capacity-building
Activity: Small Group Discussion1. What have you already done to build
community capacity?2. What have been outcomes?
• Community• Project/water
3. What more could you be doing?4. What new outcomes might you realize?
• Community• Project/water
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Regulations
Education
Technical assistance
Financial incentives
Individual
Capacity
Organizational
Capacity
Programmatic Capacity
Trust, legitimacy
and fairness
Relational Capacity
Network & norm development• relationship-
building• knowledge
sharing• social identity• benchmarking• norm activation• community
organizing
Organizational & leadership development• conflict
management
• strategic planning
• partnerships
State, regional, local coordination• assessment &
monitoring• civic
engagement• collaborative
planning• evaluation &
adaptation
Building trust• communicati
ve planning• transparency• consistency• cultural
understanding
• valuing diversity 18
Individual
Capacity
Organizational
Capacity
Programmatic Capacity
Trust, legitimacy
and fairness
Relational Capacity
tcdailyplanet.net
Scott County, MN
Community capacity-building approach to engaging people in water protection
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Expanding your audience: Important actors/communities of influence in project outcomes
Actors… Communities of influenceUsers Decision
Makers & Managers
Social Influencers
Create changeAre affected by changeAffect or block action/decisionHave relevant knowledge or expertiseHave special regard or influence in community
landowners, boaters, vendors,
developers
elders, faith leaders, citizen
monitors, community advocates & organizers, educators
local business owners & operatorsrecreationists, interest
groupsMN
residents
state level & regional officials,
staff
local officials,
staff
future users, decision makers, managers, and social influencers
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Why are community capacity outcomes important?
Capacity-building increases• Community resilience• Community readiness• Community competence
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Community Capacity-Building• Identifying community assets and needs; capacities and constraints • Build community capacity• Community change behavior change• Add more tools to the toolbox• Traditional tools: regulation, education, technical assistance,
financial incentives• Contemporary tools: community building• Farmer-led councils, master water stewards, civic engagement
cohorts, friendship tours, leadership development, benchmarking, feedback
•Monitor community capacity, evaluate programs and adapt• Need interagency support and commitment from policy makers to invest in community assessment and capacity-building
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Minnesota Study Watersheds
Creating Conservation Momentum for Water Resource Protection (adapted from Davenport & Seekamp 2013)
Individual CapacityBelief & behavior change (e.g.,
clean water & civic action)
Relational CapacityNetwork & norm development (e.g., knowledge sharing, relationship-building,
social identity, community organizing, benchmarking, & norm activation)
Programmatic CapacityState/regional/local coordination in program development (e.g., assessment &
monitoring, civic engagement, collaborative planning, evaluation, & adaptation)
Organizational CapacityOrganizational & leadership development (e.g., conflict management,
strategic planning, & partnerships)
Improvedwater resource
conditions
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Why are community capacity outcomes important?Conservation behavior problem:• People don’t know
(information)• People don’t care
(motivation)
Community capacity problem:• Individual capacity• Perceptions & misconceptions• Conservation is too difficult for me
• Relational capacity• Knowledge sharing, cultural norms & social
group pressures• It’ll hurt my business• No one has the time• No one else is doing it
• Organizational capacity• Perceptions & misconceptions• It’s a losing battle
• Distrust & skepticism• The scientists don’t even know if it works
• Programmatic capacity• Conservation messages miss audience• Messages deliver what to do but not why• Limited conservation performance feedback• Limited conservation outcomes feedback
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K. Hakanson