MADISON AND MONROEUNIT 3.4

#4 JAMES MADISONElected in 1808 (and re-elected in 1812)

Served 1809-1817

Democratic-Republican

Part of Virginia Dynasty

Shortest President (5’4”)

wife – Dolly

Inherited problems from the Embargo Act and Impressment Issues

WAR OR PEACE

“Mr. Madison’s War” – nickname for the War of 1812

Causes:

1. Impressment / Freedom of the Seas

– remember Chesapeake-Leopard affair?

2. War Hawks – those wanted to fight (younger congressmen)

- Henry Clay

- John C. Calhoun

3. Border disputes/Desire for Land (Manifest Destiny)

- Maine, Oregon, Canada

4. Indian “problem” – Is Britain helping them?

WAR OF 1812 – THE BAD- Failed invasion of Canada.

- Navy in the Atlantic Ocean (how did those Jeffs do?)

- Defeat of troops on East Coast

- Burning of Washington D.C. (1814)

WAR OF 1812 - SUCCESSES - Against Indians

Battle of Thames – William H. Harrison v. Tecumseh

Battle of Horseshoe Bend – Andrew Jackson

- Commodore Oliver Perry in Great Lakes (Battle of Put-in-Bay)

- Ft. McHenry (Baltimore)

- Francis Scott Key and the Star-Spangled Banner

CEASEFIRE

Treaty of Ghent (Dec. 24, 1814)

- Did not resolve any of the causes of the war, just stopped the fighting.

- Why did we sign it?

- Why did Britain sign it?

- Ever since the War of 1812, how is our overall relationship with Britain?

THE BIGGEST BATTLE? - After the Treaty was signed, the biggest battle was fought. Why?

Battle of New Orleans (Jan) 1815

- Andrew Jackson

- help from pirates led by Jean Lafitte. Why did they help the U.S.?

- Casualties: U.S. - 55 killed, 185 wounded, 93 MIA

Britain – 386 killed, 1521 wounded, 552 MIA

- Why did it not matter officially?

- Why did it matter unofficially?

OLD COUNTRY SONGHTTPS://WWW.YOUTUBE.COM/WATCH?V=XBME_CLKBBU

NEW ENGLAND RUMBLINGS

- New England states felt that the Democratic-Republicans were trying to purposely hurt them with Embargo and then war.

- Met during war

- Hartford Convention (1814)

- Discussed Nullification and hinted at Secession- Soon after news of Ghent and New Orleans- Basically deathblow to Federalist Party (except for in

Supreme Court w/ John Marshall)

FLORIDA AFTER WAR OF 18121st Seminole War- After New Orleans, Jackson

went back after Creeks

- Many “ran away” to Spanish Florida

- Jackson went after them with U.S. Army (act of war)

- Seminoles never surrender, fighting just stops over time

- Diplomatic crisis for U.S.

Adams-Onis Treaty 1819

- U.S. buys Florida for $5.3 million

- U.S. gives up any claims to Texas from L.P.

-Jackson becomes military governor of Florida

#5 JAMES MONROE- Elected in 1816, Re-elected in 1820

- Ran unopposed in 1820 - But not elected unanimously in the Electoral College. Why not?

- Era of Good Feelings nickname, but was everything good?

- Had Goodwill Tour of Nation- Last of Virginia Dynasty. 1817-1824

GREAT LAKES PROBLEM SOLVED

Rush – Bagot Agreement (1818)

- With Britain (weren’t we just fighting them?)

- Led to mutual disarmament of Great Lakes (demilitarization)

- Longest undefended border between U.S. and (now) Canada

THIS IS OUR HEMISPHERE!

Monroe Doctrine (1823)

- Written by Sec. of State John Q. Adams (Monroe gives it in a State of Union Address)

- Aimed at Britain and France (eyeing lands Spain is losing- Mexico 1821)

- Says that European powers are to not to interfere in the Western Hemisphere (N & S America)

- U.S. Navy did not have power to enforce it. So who did and why?

MAIN IDEA (MINI-THESIS)

The United States sought dominance over the North American continent through a variety of means, including military actions, judicial decisions, and diplomatic efforts.

War of 1812, Adam-Onis Treaty, Monroe Doctrine

THE 3 WHO LASTED (NEVER DIE?)The Great Triumvirate

- Emerging during the War of 1812 talk, they will be powerful forces in the U.S. government through the 1850s

- From the West – Henry Clay

- From the South – John C. Calhoun

- From New England – Daniel Webster

SECTIONALISM EMERGESMissouri Compromise / Compromise of 1820

- In 1819 there were 11 free states / 11 slave states.

- Southerners wanted to keep the balance to block any laws that threatened Slavery (free outnumbered in House of Reps).

- Missouri applied for statehood (first from Louisiana Purchase).

- After months of debate, Henry Clay makes a Compromise Bill.

- Missouri as a slave state- Maine as a free state- In rest of Louisiana Purchase, all above 36-30 latitude to be

free- Solves problem for next 30 years.

MONEY ISSUES1816 Tariff- Put into place to protect

U.S. Manufactures.

- Many had developed due to embargo and war limiting competition

- 1st protective tariff in U.S. history

- Why good? Why bad?

Panic of 1819- First major economic

downturn since 1789.

- Panic = recession

- Caused by over speculation on land and Wildcat Banks

BUS PROBLEMS

2nd Bank of U.S.- Rechartered in 1816

- Democratic-Republicans approved it

- How is different than when the Federalists first introduced one?

McCulloch v. Maryland- 1819

- Could a state tax the B.U.S.?

- Can Congress have a bank without a section in the Constitution?

- John Marshall and Supreme Court ruled yes due to:

- Elastic Clause – “congress can do anything necessary and proper”

- Known as Implied Powers

- Federalist Party dead, but ideas live on.

MARSHALL, MARSHALL, MARSHALL

Gibbons v. Ogden- 1824

- Ferries in Hudson

- Marshall rules Federal government has power over Interstate Commerce

Other Marshall cases- Ruled in favor of the Federal gov’t

and businesses over the states.

- How is that what the Federalist Party wanted?

- Fletcher v. Peck 1810 – Contracts legal even if shady

- Worcester v. Georgia 1831 – U.S., not states over Indians

MAIN IDEA (MINI-THESIS)

Supreme Court decisions sought to assert federal power over state laws and the primacy of the judiciary in determining the meaning of the Constitution.

Examples: McCulloch v. Maryland, Worcester v. Georgia, Gibbons v. Ogden

3.4 REFLECTION QUESTIONS

- 1. What were the causes of the War of 1812?

- 2. How did Presidents Madison and Monroe go away from the original ideas of Jefferson and the Democratic-Republicans?

- 3. Although the Federalist Party died in the 1810s, how did it actually continue to exert its influence for the next two decades?

- 4. In what ways did the Supreme Court increase the power of the federal government over the states in the early 1800s?

- 5. How does the Missouri Compromise delay the sectional conflict within the United States?

LINKS

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XBmE_clkBBU – Battle of New Orleans song

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TsH9cR9Hv-c&list=UUZYs757tACChkS-vjS1m66Q&index=2&feature=plcp – review video (War of 1812)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aVZhJT1tBW4&list=UUZYs757tACChkS-vjS1m66Q&index=55&feature=plcp – review video

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rGDRnNneGvQ&feature=fvwrel – Presidents song