City of New York v. State of New York: The New York State ...
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Made possible in part by a family literacy grant from the New York State Library, New York State Education Department
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What?
Why?
How?
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• Same format as comic books
• Text & illustrations present information
• Book-length, usually contain one story
• Medium, not genre
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Thought Balloon
Sound Effect
Panel
Gutter
Dialog Balloon
Caption
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Major TypesMajor Types
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Humor
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Non-Fiction
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Fantasies
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Adaptations
Spin-offs
or
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Realistic Fiction
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Personal Stories
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Toon BooksToon Books• For emerging
readers age 4+
• Can be read to or by children
• Vetted by educators
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A little historyA little history• Comic Strip=grandfather of Graphic
Novel
• Around since end of 1800s
• Originally used to draw people to Sunday paper
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First comic stripFirst comic strip• Appeared in New
York World: 1895
• R. F. Outcault
• Increased sales
• Eventually endorsed soap-whiskey
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Katzenjammer KidsKatzenjammer Kids• 1897
• Used word balloons
• Used multiple panels to tell story
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The Comic BookThe Comic Book
• 1933-reprints• Initially free
• 1935-new comics & original characters
• 10 cents each
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Popular comicsPopular comics• Superman
– First superhero– On newsstands:
1938
• Superheroes big during World War II
• After WWII: crime, science fiction and horror comics
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1950’s: comics in crisis!1950’s: comics in crisis!• Frederic Wertham
• Comics examined by US Senate
• Comics banned and burned
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A New BeginningA New Beginning
• Late 1950’s: Justice League of America born
• 1961: Fantastic Four, Incredible Hulk, & Spiderman
• 1960’s: Self-published underground comics
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• 1978-Will Eisner coins term
• 1986- Batman: the Dark Knight Returns
• 1987- The Watchmen
Milestones in the Graphic Novel World
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• 1992- Maus: A Survivor’s Tale wins Pulitzer
• 2005-”Graphix” imprint launched
• 2006- American Born Chinese named NBA finalist for Young People’s Literature
• 2007- American Born Chinese wins Printz Award for excellence in YA literature
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• 2007 The Invention of Hugo Cabret finalist for NBA
• 2008 Invention wins Caldecott
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• 2007-YALSA creates new annual booklist: “Great Graphic Novels for Teens”
• 2009-NYT Graphic Books Bestseller List
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President Obama
collects both
Spider-Man and
Conan the Barbarian
comics
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MangaManga
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Manga historyManga history• Manga=comic
books
• Period before WWII=beginning of modern manga
• Mid 1990s=came to US
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• “God of Manga” Osamu Tezuka
• Hayayo Miyazaki: anime & manga
• Manga read by ALL
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How to read a Manga PageHow to read a Manga Page
Unlike traditional books, Manga is read “backwards” from back-to-front
Often, if you start at what looks like the front of the Manga, you will see a message like this
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Panel Order Panel Order & Dialog & Dialog BalloonsBalloons
Panels and dialog balloons are read
“reversed”
13
4
2
8
5
6
7
10
9
11
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Manga TermsManga Terms• Shonen: teenage
boys
• Shojo: teenage girls
• Shonen-ai / Yaoi=boys love
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• perceived as subversive=attractive!
• Ratings
• Read by?
•2/3 of GN market=manga
•75%=13-17 y/o girls
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Why Graphic Novels & Why Graphic Novels & Manga?Manga?
• 6.3 million secondary school students are reading below grade level.
• Average American age 15-24 spends only 7 minutes of daily leisure time reading.
• Students with access to a variety of reading materials have higher average reading scores.
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• Present complex material in readable text
• Serve as a bridge to more difficult reading
• Challenge readers of more traditional literature
• Embrace nature of multimedia world
• Fulfill NCTE’s “21st Century literacies” (multiple streams, simultaneous information)
Graphic Novels & Manga: Graphic Novels & Manga:
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Learning more about Graphic Learning more about Graphic Novels!Novels!
School Library Journal
Library Journal
Diamond Comics Bookshelf
Cooperative Children’s Book Center
Reviews & More
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• Get Graphic!
• First Second Books
• Public Square Books
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Creating Comics on the WebCreating Comics on the Web
• read*write*think comic creator
• MakeBeliefs Comix
• Stripcreator