MACROMOLECULES Describe in detail what you see in

the diagram. (Minimum 3 sentences)

The digestive process is occurring. In order for organisms to live and function they require energy. Eating and digesting food provides the body with chemical energy in the form of ATP.

BiomoleculesYou are what you eat!

Agenda

1. Carbohydrates

2. Proteins

3. Lipids

4. Comparing biomolecues

5. Constructing glucose molecules

CARBOHYDRATES

1. Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates aka…

StarchCarbs

Sugar

How does our body break down this

bread?

Breaks down into microscopic molecules

Loaf of bread Bread crumbs Polysaccharide

DisaccharideMonosaccharide

Structure

Polysaccharide

Many Sugar

Structure

Di saccharide

TwoSugar

Structure

Monosaccharide

OneSugar

Function Provide QUICK energy to the body!

Challenge:

Loaf of bread Bread crumbs Polysaccharide

DisaccharideMonosaccharide

Explain what you think is happening here. (at least 3 sentences)

The diagram shows a picture of bread (starch). It also maps out the break down of carbohydrates from their most complex form (polysaccharide) to their least complex (monosaccharide). This process is called hydrolysis.

LIPIDS

Breaks down into microscopic molecules

Fats, oils, waxes, steroids

LOOK FOR THE “E”Monomer: 3 fatty acids + glycerol

Function Made mainly of carbon and hydrogen

(few oxygen)

Fat best method of STORING

forms cell membranes

Insulates nerve cells (myelin)

Insulates body (maintains homeostasis)

How are complex carbohydrates

formed and broken down?

Dehydration Synthesis Combining single compounds into a complex one by removing water

monosaccharide + monosaccharide ----> disaccharide + water C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 ----> C12H22O11 + H2O

(Process forms disaccharides & polysaccharides)

Hydrolysis Addition of WATER to a compound SPLITS it

disaccharide + H2O ---> monosaccharide + monosaccharide

C12H22O11 + H2O ---> C6H12O6 + C6H12O6

Challenge: Describe what you see (at least 3

sentences)

This is an amino acid. It is the monomer for a protein. It contains C, H, O and N. It has 3 groups: an amino group, an R-group, and a carboxyl group. The R-group is considered a variant group because it changes.

Proteins aka….

Meat

Polypeptide

Whey Protein

Peanut butter

Breaks down into microscopic molecules

Meat

Polypeptide

Amino Acid

Monomer: amino acidPolymer: polypeptide

Monomer: Amino Acids

•Contains C, H, O, N•20 types•Has both hydrophobic & hydrophylic ends•Differ in R-group•R-group can be acidic, basic or neutral•Makes polypeptide then makes proteins

Polymer: Polypeptide(peptide means bond)

•Formed by dehydration synthesis•Sequence determined by DNA•3-D and folds to take up less space

Function of Proteins Provides us with building

blocks for life! Also regulate most

functions in a cell. Glycoproteins (antigens) Combines w/DNA to form

chromosomes Turns genes on and off Antibodies (fights disease)

Function of Proteins Provides structure &

strength (fibers) Transports molecules in &

out cells Hemoglobin (transports

O2) Enzymes (speeds up

rxns)- has –ase suffix Acts as hormones

(insulin)- many proteins have suffix of -in

Bellringer: Describe in detail what you

see in the diagram. (minimum 3

sentences)

This is a picture of ATP. ATP is one type of polymer of a nucleic acid. It is made of adenine, sugar, and 3 phosphate groups.

Nucleic Acids

Contains C, H, O, N, P

Monomer: NUCLEOTIDES

Nucleotides consist of 3 parts:

1. 5-Carbon Sugar

2. Phosphate Group

3. Nitrogenous Base

Nucleotide: Nitrogen Bases 5 types

Cytosine

Guanine

Adenine

Thymine (in DNA only)

Uracil (in RNA only)

Purines or pyrimidines

In DNA:In RNA:

C-GC-G

A-TA-U

Nucleotides:

5-carbon sugar and phosphate

group

2 types of sugars Ribose (in RNA only) Deoxyribose (in DNA

only)

Phosphate group Contains phosphorus &

oxygen

Polymer: polynucleotide

deoxyribose

ribose

Function

Polypeptide: DNA (deoxyribonucleic

acid)

contains the genetic code

stores & transmit heredity/genetic information

found in the nucleus (mitochondria)

Double stranded (double helix)

Function

Polypeptide: RNA (ribonucleic

acid)

Carries info from DNA to cell

Helps in protein synthesis

found in ribosomes & nucleoli

Single stranded

Polypeptide: ATP

Contains adenine, ribose sugar, 3 phosphates

Stores and releases energy

CarbonCompounds

include

that consist of

which contain

that consist of that consist of that consist of

which contain which contain which contain

Section 2-3

Concept Map

CarbonCompounds

include

that consist of

which contain

that consist of that consist of that consist of

which contain which contain which contain

Section 2-3

Concept Map

Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic acids Proteins

Sugars and starches

Fats and oils Nucleotides Amino Acids

Carbon,hydrogen,

oxygen

Carbon,hydrogen,

oxygen

Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen, nitrogen,

phosphorus

Carbon,hydrogen,oxygen,

nitrogen,

Which biomolecule has the most energy!?

C-H bonds

Count the number of C-H bonds in your monosaccharide picture.

Count the number of C-H bonds in your saturated or unsaturated bond picture

Which biomolecule (carbs or fats) have more C-H bonds?

The number of C-H bonds = the amount

of energy

The more C-H bonds a biomolecule has, the more energy it has!

Fats have the most energy because they have the most C-H bonds!

Video clips: Burning Marshmallow

Oil lamp

Cooking Oil Car

CHALLENGE! Which popular plant process forms glucose?

Photosynthesis

Which elements form a glucose molecule?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen

What is the molecular formula for glucose?

Create a polymer using dehydration synthesis process.

C6H12O6