Macromolecules
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Transcript of Macromolecules
Introduction
• Organic Compounds – contain carbon and hydrogen atoms
• Inorganic Compounds – contain one or the other, but not both.
• Most of your body’s molecules are organic.
Polymers
• When monomers bind to one another to form a complex molecule.
• Poly = many• Consists of repeated linked units which bind
forming Macromolecules. • Macro = large
Chemical reactions
• Monomers link to form polymers through a chemical reaction called condensation reaction or dehydration synthesis.
• Water is released or is a byproduct of the reaction.
Hydrolysis
• Break down of some complex molecules
• Hydrolysis is the reverse of a condensation reaction.
Carbohydrates
• Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms in the proportion of 1:2:1
• Glucose formula: C6H12O6
• SHORT TERM ENERGY• MAIN Source of Energy
Monosaccharide's
• Simple sugarsExamples1. Glucose: found in blood of animals2. Galactose: found in milk3. Fructose: found in fruit
Isomers – same formula, but different structure
Disaccharides
• Contain 2 monosaccharide's joined by dehydration synthesis.
Examples1. Lactose: found in milk2. Sucrose: transported in plants
Polysaccharides
• Carbohydrates formed from linking individual sugars into long chains.
Examples1. Starch: storage of glucose in in plants2. Cellulose: contained in cell walls of plants3. Glycogen: storage of glucose in animals
(stored in the muscles and liver)
Lipids
• Do not dissolve in water3 Functions1. Energy storage – LONG TERM ENERGY2. Structural support for cell membranes3. Serve as a reactant (starting material) for
metabolic reactions
Fatty Acids
• Building blocks that make up most lipids
• Classified as either saturated or unsaturated
Saturated Fatty Acids
• Have the maximum number of bonds possible• They are full• Usually solid at room temp• Most come from animal products
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
• Have double bonds in the carbon chain• Most are liquid at room temp• Usually referred to as oils
Triglycerides
• Tri = 3• Common lipid that contains fatty acids• Glycerol linked to 3 fatty acids in the shape of
an E by condensation reaction.
Proteins
• Composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen atoms
• Construction materials for body part like hair, skin, nails, and blood
Enzymes
• Important group of proteins• Help control chemical reactions by acting as
catalysts.• Catalysts speed up reactions by lowering the
activation energy.• Enzyme rates are affected by Ph, hot and cold
temperatures.
Enzymes - Add
• Substrates – reactants of enzyme – catalyzed reactions.
• Reduces the energy needed for the reaction.• Works like a lock and key.
VERY IMPORTANT
• Proteins DO NOT produce, store, transmit, or have anything to do with ENERGY.
• Do not get confused with protein bars!!!
Nucleotides
• Nucleotides are the building blocks that make up most nucleic acids
• Consist of sugar, base, phosphate