Macromolecules
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Transcript of Macromolecules
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Molecules of life
• 4 main molecules of life– Carbohydrates– Proteins– Lipids– Nucleic acids
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Organic CompoundsBuilding Blocks
monomerMacromolecule
polymer monosaccharide or simple sugar Polysaccharides or carbohydrate
Fatty acids Fats and Lipids
Amino Acids Proteins
Nucleotides Nucleic Acids
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carbohydrates• Most abundant organic compound• Contains oxygen, hydrogen & carbon
– 1:2:1 ratio
• Some functions– Energy source
• Both quick and storage
– Support & structure• Plants- cellulose• Insects-chitin- exoskeleton
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3 basic types of carbohydrates
• Monosaccharides– Simple sugars
• 5 or 6 carbons• Examples- glucose & fructose
• Disaccharides– Two sugars joined together
• Fructose + glucose= sucrose (table sugar)
• Polysaccharides– Many simple sugars joined together
• Starch- energy storage plants• Glycogen- energy storage animals• Cellulose- structural support plants
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Proteins• Made of
– Carbon – Hydrogen– Oxygen– Nitrogen– (2 amino acids contain
sulfur)
• Formed by chains of amino acids – 20 different amino acids
• Organic Compound• Essential to all life• Important uses
– Structure– enzymes
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Lipids• Large molecules• Nonpolar organic molecules• Functions
– Good insulators
– energy storage (tightly compact)– Oils and waxes– Steroids and hormones
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Lipids• Fatty acids
– Unbranched carbon chains
– hydrophilic end & hydrophobic end
• Hydrophilic– Polar
– Water loving
• Hydrophobic– Non polar
– Water fearing
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Nucleic Acids• Complex macromolecule that stores
information in cells heredity • Nucleic acids are polymers made of
smaller subunits called nucleotides– carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and
phosphorous
• Two types– RNA and DNA
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Nucleotides consist of Phosphate groups Pentose sugar Nitrogenous bases
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