Cellular Membranes

(macromolecules = background information)

Vocab you need to know:

• FLASHCARDS: • Monomer: molecule

that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer

• PREFIX SHEET– Mono: one – Poly: many, more

than one – Di: two – Hydro: water – Phobic: afraid– Philic: love– Nucleo: nucleus

FLASH CARD ALERT

• MACROMOLECULE: – A molecule containing a large amount of

atoms.

Carbohydrates

Carbohydrates

• Function: – Living things use

carbohydrates as their main source of energy

• Energy for cellular respiration

– Structural purposes

carbohydrate

• Structure– Made of carbon,

hydrogen, and oxygen atoms

– Typically in a 1:2:1 ratio

FLASH CARD ALERT

• POLYSACCHARIDE – More than two MONOSACCHARIDE combined

through dehydration synthesis

• MONOSACCHARIDE: – simple sugar. Building blocks of more complex

sugars: glucose

• DISACCHARIDE: – sugar produced by two monosaccharide

molecules as a result of dehydration synthesis

Carbohydrate

• Monomer: – Monosaccharides: glucose, frutose

• Polymer: – Polysaccharides: glycogen (animal starch)

• Plants store excess sugar in starch

Carbohydrate polysaccharide

• Chitin: – Hard exterior shells

of crabs and lobsters

• Cellulose – Provides structure

and durability in plants

Fill out chart for carbohydrate

Lipids

Lipids

• Function:– Energy storage– Cell membrane – Signaling molecule

FLASH CARD ALERT

• HYDROPHOBIC: repels water

• HYDROPHILIC: loves water

Lipids

• Important animal functions: – Waterproof – Buoyant – Insulate: trap heat

• Examples: – Earwax– Seaweed – Blubber/fat

So do you think lipids are hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

(is the oil in the beaker a lipid)

• Structure– Mostly carbon and hydrogen– Many lipids form when a glycerol molecule

combines with compounds called fatty acids

• Monomer/Polymer: None! – Lipid base units are not considered to be

monomers

Fill out chart for Lipids

Proteins

Proteins

• Function: essential part of all organisms, participate in every process in cells. – Form bone and muscle– Regulate cell processes – Transport substances

in and out of cells – Help fight disease

Protein

• Monomer: amino acid

• Polymer: amino acid chain

Proteins

• Muscle – Meat

• Amino Acids – Form DNA

Protein

• Structure: four levels of organization– Protein chain– Amino acids can be twisted/folded– More than one chain folded around each

other

Made up of Amino Acids that are linked by peptide bonds

Fill out chart for Proteins

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acid

• Function: Store and transmit hereditary or genetic information

• Example: – DNA, RNA

Nucleic Acid

• Structure: consists of 3 parts: – 5 carbon sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen

base

• Monomer: nucleotides

• Polymer: polynucleotide, nucleic acid

Fill out chart for Nucleic Acid

FLASHCARD ALERT

• THE FOUR MACROMOLECULES ARE:– Nucleic acid– Proteins – Lipids – Carbohydrate