Macro Link Budget

8/12/2019 Macro Link Budget

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1.1

Printed On: 24/03/14Page 1 of 22

UTRAN Macro Link Budget

3G Engineering Documentation

Radio Design Group


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1.2 Document Version History

Verion !ate Aut"or Reaon #or $"ange

1%0 1&% 11 %00 'a(a) *"a)a+ 1t

iue

2%0 30%0,%01

'a( a) *"a)a+ Ue d ne - t e( .)a te added ( or edecri.tion%

Added A..endi A on MA(ode))ing%

1.3 Distribution List

Na(e Organiation/!e.ar t (ent

A)) Radio !eign Ro))out grou.

1.4 Content Approa!

Na(e Organiation/!e.ar t (ent

*air uain Radio !eign Ter(ina)



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1." Contents #age

1.2 Document Version History ............................................................................................21.3 Distr ibut ion List ...............................................................................................................2

1.4 Conten t Approa! ............................................................................................................21." Contents #age.................................................................................................................3

1.$ %ab!e o& 'igures ...............................................................................................................4

2 !ocu(ent co.e %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%&2.1 #urpose ............................................................................................................................."2.2 (ntended Audience .........................................................................................................."2.3 Re&erences ....................................................................................................................... "

3 ntro duction %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%53.1 )cope................................................................................................................................$

4 Link Budge t Te(.)ate %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%64.1 12.2*bps )peec+ .............................................................................................................,4.2 $4*bps Data .....................................................................................................................-4.3 12-*bps Data .................................................................................................................. -

4.4 3-4*bps Data .................................................................................................................. 4." Resu!tant /a0imum A!!oed #at+ Loss....................................................................1

& Link +udget decri. tion %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%11".1 Lin* budget process .....................................................................................................11".2 )ystem #arameters ......................................................................................................12

".2.1 C+ip and in&ormation rates ......................................................................................12".2.2 E e!ocit y ..................................................................................................................12

".3 %ransmit te r #arameters ..............................................................................................12".4 Reuired Eb56o.............................................................................................................13

"." Receier #arameters ....................................................................................................13".$ Loading 'actor and inter&erence margin ..................................................................14"., 7t+er /argins and Gains............................................................................................1"".,.1 #enetrat ion !oss .........................................................................................................1"".,.2 )!o &ading 5 !og8norma! &ading margin ................................................................1$".,.3 'ast &ading margin ....................................................................................................1$

".,.4 )o&t Hando& & Gain ......................................................................................................1$

".,." Receier antenna diersit y gain .............................................................................1$".- /a0imum A!!oed #at+ Loss......................................................................................1$". Antenna Heig+ts ........................................................................................................... 1$".1 Deried Ce!! Radius ....................................................................................................1,

5 !eri7ed P)annin g Le7e) %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1,

6 8urt" er 9ork: RAN !i(enionin g %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%1

, A..end i A: Mode) )ing MA %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%20



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1.$ %ab!e o& 'igures

8igure 1: 12%2 k+. .eec" )ink +udge t %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%6

8igure 2: 54k+. L$! data )ink +udge t %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%,

8igure 3: 12,k +. L$! data )ink +udge t %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%,8igure 4: 3,4k +. L$! data )ink +udge t %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

8igure &: Mai(u( a))o-ed .at" )o in 7ariou en7iron(ent %%%%%10

8igure 5: A i(.)i#ied +)ock diagra( o# t"e )ink +udget ca)cu)ation%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%11

8igure 6: e;uence o# )ink +udget ca)cu)ation au(ing u.)ink)i(ited %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%11

8igure ,: nter#erence (argin a a #unction o# t"e


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2 Document )cope

2.1 #urpose

%+e purpose o& t+is document is to proide a compre+ensie description o& t+e Hutc+ison 3G'DD !in* budgets. %+e actua! !in* budget E0ce! temp!ates are in 91:.

2.2 (ntended Audience

%+is document is intended primari!y &or t+e Radio Design and R' #!anning groups it+inHutc+ison 3G.

2.3 Re&erences

[1] ;. %RA6 /acroce!! Lin* ?udget %emp!ates@= 1st/ay 1= RD%B/)B11- (ssue

4.

[2] Harri Ho!ma and Antti %os*a!a= >CD/A &or /%)@= i!ey 2.

[3] ). De+g+an= et a!= >8CD/A capacity and #!anning issues@= (EE E!ectronics andCommunication Engineering ;ourna!. ;une 2.

[4] ;. 3G RA6 )ystem Dimensioning@= 1stAugust 21=RD%B/)B4,.



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3 (ntroduction

%+is report proides a description o& t+e /%) 'DD !in* budgets and discusses t+e parametersused to derie t+em. %+e !in* budgets are used to de&ine pat+ !oss t+res+o!ds= +ic+ &orm aninput to t+e radio netor* p!anning too! +en ea!uating radio bearer coerage across a

geograp+ic area o& interest.

3.1 )cope

%+e !in* budgets proided in t+is document are intended to &orm an input to t+e radio netor*p!anning process be!onging to /%) 'DD macroce!!s. %+e radio netor* p!anning process isused by t+e Hutc+ison 3G Radio Design and R' #!anning groups. %+e !in* budgets are basedupon inputs &rom arious euipment endors as e!! as t+e e0perience o& t+e personne! ino!edin creating t+em.

%+e parameters in t+e !in* budget are subect to c+ange once a tria! netor* +as becomeaai!ab!e and rea! system tests +ae been per&ormed. nti! t+at date= t+e !in* budgets presentedin t+is document are t+e Hutc+ison 3G standard !in* budgets.



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4 Lin* ?udget %emp!ates

%+is section presents t+e !in* budget temp!ates &or eac+ radio bearer i.e. 12.2*bps speec+=$4*bps data= 12-*bps data and 3-4*bps data. %+e data serice !in* budgets are presented &orLo De!ay Constrained Data LCDF serices. (t is assumed t+at t+e nconstrained De!ay Data

DDF serices +ae identica! !in* budgets i.e. t+ere is no di&&erence beteen t+e pac*et sitc+edand circuit sitc+ed radio bearer !in* budgets.

%+e !in* budget temp!ates are diided into to sections. %+e &irst section de&ines t+e radio bearerspeci&ic parameters assumed to be independent o& t+e c!utter type. %+is section proides a!ues&or t+e /a0imum A!!oed #at+ Loss /A#LF. %+e second section o& t+e !in* budgets introducest+e c!utter type speci&ic parameters. %+ese additiona! parameters are used to modi&y t+e /A#Lsuc+ t+at t+ey become c!utter type speci&ic.

)ections 4.1 to 4.4present t+e &irst section o& t+e !in* budgets &or bot+ pedestrian and e+icu!arenironments. )ection 4." presents t+e second section o& t+e !in* budgets.

4.1 12.2*bps )peec+

8igure 1: 12%2k+. .eec" )ink +udget


Para(eter Unit !o-n)ink U.)ink !o-n)ink U.)ink

=n7iron(ent #edestrian #edestrian Ve+icu!ar Ve+icu!ar

Mo+i)e 7e)ocit< *m5+ 3 *mp+ 3 *mp+ 12 *mp+ 12 *mp+

er7ice )peec+ )peec+ )peec+ )peec+

n#or(ation +it rate *bps 12.2 12.2 12.2 12.2

$"i. rate /c+ip5s 3.-4 3.-4 3.-4 3.-4

Proceing gain d? 24.- 24.- 24.- 24.-

A7erage t .o-er .er c"anne) dB( 3:%00 21%00 3:%00 21%00

a e an connector oe d? 2." 2." $o(+iner )o d?

T antenna gain d?i 1- 1-

Tota) =RP t .o-er .er c"anne) dB( &4%&0 1,%00 &4%&0 1,%00

R antenna gain d? 1- 1-

$a+)e and connector )o d?

Bod< )o d? 3 3 3 3

R di7erit< gain d?

Recei7er noie #igure d? , 3." , 3."

T"er(a) noie denit< d?m5HG 81,4 81,4 81,4 81,4

Tota) e##ecti7e noie d?m5HG 81$, 81, 81$, 81,

Re;uired =+/No d? ,." " ,." $

Recei7er t"er(a) eniti7it< d?m 811-.4, 8124.4, 811-.4, 8123.4,

Mai(u( a))o-ed .at" )o d? 162%:6 150%46 162%:6 1&:%46

.eec"> .edetrian .eec"> 7e"icu)ar




er7ice )peec+ )peec+ )peec+ )peec+

n#or(ation +it rate *bps 12.2 12.2 12.2 12.2

$"i. rate /c+ip5s 3.-4 3.-4 3.-4 3.-4

Proceing gain d? 24.- 24.- 24.- 24.-

A7erage t .o-er .er c"anne) dB( 40%00 21%00 40%00 21%00

a e an connector oe d? 2." 2." $o(+iner )o d?


Tota) =RP t .o-er .er c"anne) dB( &&%&0 1,%00 &&%&0 1,%00



Bod< )o d? 3 3 3 3

R di7erit< gain d?




Re;uired =+/No d? ,." " ,." $

Recei7er t"er(a) eniti7it< d?m 811-.4, 8124.4, 811-.4, 8123.4,

Mai(u( a))o-ed .at" )o d? 163%:6 150%46 163%:6 1&:%46

.eec"> .edetrian .eec"> 7e"icu)ar


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4.2 $4*bps Data

8igure 2: 54k+. L$! data )ink +udget

4.3 12-*bps Data

8igure 3: 12,k+. L$! data )ink +udget




Mo+i)e 7e)ocit< *m5+ 3 *mp+ 3 *mp+ 12 *mp+ 12 *mp+er7ice LCD$4 LCD$4 LCD$4 LCD$4

n#or(ation +itrate *bps $4 $4 $4 $4

$"i. rate /c+ip5s 3.-4 3.-4 3.-4 3.-4

Proceing gain d? 1,.,- 1,.,- 1,.,- 1,.,-

A7erage t .o-er .er c"anne) dB( 3:%00 21%00 3:%00 21%00

$a+)e and connector )o d? 2." 2."

$o(+iner )o d?


Tota) =RP t .o-er .er c"anne) dB( &4%&0 21%00 &4%&0 21%00



Bod< )o d?

R di7erit< gain d?

Recei7er noie #igure d? , 3." , 3."T"er(a) noie denit< d?m5HG 81,4 81,4 81,4 81,4


Re;uired =+/No d? $." 3 $ 4."

Recei7er t"er(a) eniti7it< d?m 8112.2, 811.2, 8112.,, 811,.,,

Mai(u( a))o-ed .at" )o dB 155%66 1&,%26 156%26 1&5%66

L$!54> .edetrian L$!54> 7e"icu)ar




er7ice LCD12- LCD12- LCD12- LCD12-

n#or(ation +itrate *bps 12- 12- 12- 12-

$"i. rate /c+ip5s 3.-4 3.-4 3.-4 3.-4

Proceing gain d? 14.,, 14.,, 14.,, 14.,,

A7erage t .o-er .er c"anne) dB( 3:%00 24 3:%00 24


$o(+iner )o d?


Tota) =RP t .o-er .er c"anne) dB( &4%&0 24%00 &4%&0 24%00R antenna gain d? 1- 1-


Bod< )o d?

R di7erit< gain d?




Re;uired =+/No d? $ 2." "." 4

Recei7er t"er(a) eniti7it< d?m 81.,$ 811$.,$ 811.2$ 811".2$

Mai(u( a))o-ed .at" )o dB 154%25 1&,%65 154%65 1&6%25

L$!12,> .edetrian L$!12,> 7e"icu)ar



Mo+i)e 7e)ocit< *m5+ 3 *mp+ 3 *mp+ 12 *mp+ 12 *mp+er7ice LCD$4 LCD$4 LCD$4 LCD$4

n#or(ation +itrate *bps $4 $4 $4 $4

$"i. rate /c+ip5s 3.-4 3.-4 3.-4 3.-4

Proceing gain d? 1,.,- 1,.,- 1,.,- 1,.,-

A7erage t .o-er .er c"anne) dB( 40%00 21%00 40%00 21%00


$o(+iner )o d?


Tota) =RP t .o-er .er c"anne) dB( &&%&0 21%00 &&%&0 21%00



Bod< )o d?

R di7erit< gain d?

Recei7er noie #igure d? , 3." , 3."T"er(a) noie denit< d?m5HG 81,4 81,4 81,4 81,4


Re;uired =+/No d? $." 3 $ 4."

Recei7er t"er(a) eniti7it< d?m 8112.2, 811.2, 8112.,, 811,.,,

Mai(u( a))o-ed .at" )o dB 156%66 1&,%26 15,%26 1&5%66

L$!54> .edetrian L$!54> 7e"icu)ar




er7ice LCD12- LCD12- LCD12- LCD12-

n#or(ation +itrate *bps 12- 12- 12- 12-

$"i. rate /c+ip5s 3.-4 3.-4 3.-4 3.-4

Proceing gain d? 14.,, 14.,, 14.,, 14.,,

A7erage t .o-er .er c"anne) dB( 40%00 24 40%00 24


$o(+iner )o d?


Tota) =RP t .o-er .er c"anne) dB( &&%&0 24%00 &&%&0 24%00R antenna gain d? 1- 1-


Bod< )o d?

R di7erit< gain d?




Re;uired =+/No d? $ 2." "." 4

Recei7er t"er(a) eniti7it< d?m 81.,$ 811$.,$ 811.2$ 811".2$

Mai(u( a))o-ed .at" )o dB 15&%25 1&,%65 15&%65 1&6%25

L$!12,> .edetrian L$!12,> 7e"icu)ar


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4.4 3-4*bps Data

8igure 4: 3,4k+. L$! data )ink +udget





er7ice LCD3-4 LCD3-4 LCD3-4 LCD3-4

n#or(ation +itrate *bps 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4$"i. rate /c+ip5s 3.-4 3.-4 3.-4 3.-4

Proceing gain d? 1. 1. 1. 1.

A7erage t .o-er .er c"anne) dB( 3:%00 24 3:%00 24


$o(+iner )o d?


Tota) =RP t .o-er .er c"anne) dB( &4%&0 24%00 &4%&0 24%00



Bod< )o d?

R di7erit< gain d?



Tota) e##ecti7e noie d?m5HG 81$, 81, 81$, 81,Re;uired =+/No d? "." 2 " 3

Recei7er t"er(a) eniti7it< d?m 81".4 8112.4 81". 8111.4

Mai(u( a))o-ed .at" )o dB 1&:%:: 1&4%4: 150%4: 1&3%4:

L$!3,4> .edetrian L$!3,4> 7e"icu)ar




er7ice LCD3-4 LCD3-4 LCD3-4 LCD3-4

n#or(ation +itrate *bps 3-4 3-4 3-4 3-4$"i. rate /c+ip5s 3.-4 3.-4 3.-4 3.-4

Proceing gain d? 1. 1. 1. 1.

A7erage t .o-er .er c"anne) dB( 40%00 24 40%00 24


$o(+iner )o d?


Tota) =RP t .o-er .er c"anne) dB( &&%&0 24%00 &&%&0 24%00



Bod< )o d?

R di7erit< gain d?



Tota) e##ecti7e noie d?m5HG 81$, 81, 81$, 81,Re;uired =+/No d? "." 2 " 3

Recei7er t"er(a) eniti7it< d?m 81".4 8112.4 81". 8111.4

Mai(u( a))o-ed .at" )o dB 150%:: 1&4%4: 151%4: 1&3%4:

L$!3,4> .edetrian L$!3,4> 7e"icu)ar


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4." Resu!tant /a0imum A!!oed #at+ Loss

%+e ma0imum a!!oed pat+ !oss &igures deried &rom t+e radio bearer speci&ic !in* budgets aremodi&ied to account &or t+e c!utter type speci&ic parameters. %+ese inc!ude bui!ding penetration

!oss= s!o &ading margin= %#C +eadroom= inter&erence margin= so&t +andoer gain and )martRadio Concept gain. %+e inc!usion o& t+ese parameters is i!!ustrated in 'igure ".

8igure &: Mai(u( a))o-ed .at" )o in 7ariou en7iron(ent

(n eac+ c!utter type= t+e !imiting serice i.e. t+e serice it+ t+e !oest /A#L= is used to ea!uatet+e ce!! range. %+e !imiting serices in t+e up!in* &or eac+ c!utter type are presented in %ab!e 1.

Target er7ice =n7iron(ent

!ene Ur+an LCD12- #edestrian

Ur+an LCD12- #edestrian

u+ur+an LCD12- #edestrian

Rura) LCD$4 Ve+icu!ar

Ta+)e 1: Target u.)ink er7ice .er c)utter t


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" Lin* budget description

%+is section presents t+e approac+ used &or t+e !in* budget ana!ysis and discusses t+e ariousparameters. A simp!i&ied b!oc* diagram o& t+e main gains and !osses ta*en into account in t+e !in*budget ca!cu!ations are s+on in 'igure $.

(t s+ou!d be noted t+at t+e ce!! coerage area i!! be de&ined by t+e ma0imum a!!oed pat+ !ossat +ic+ t+e receied signa! is sti!! it+in t+e reuired receier sensitiity.

Transmitter

Tx power

+ antenna gain

- losses

Receiver

= Received signal

+ antenna gain

- losses

Path Loss

Fading Margins

Interference Margins

Penetration Loss

Body Loss

Soft handoff

gain

- +osses !ain

8igure 5: A i(.)i#ied +)ock diagra( o# t"e )ink +udget ca)cu)ation

".1 Lin* budget process

%+e approac+ used &or computing t+e /A#L is i!!ustrated in 'igure ,. p!in* and don!in* !oad&actors are assumed based upon t+e tra&&ic density e0pectation i.e. a dense urban area +as a+ig+er ce!! !oad t+an a rura! area. %+e transmit E(R# and receier sensitiities are ca!cu!ated asare t+e net gains and !osses o& t+e radio !in*. 'ina!!y t+e ma0imum a!!oed pat+ !oss is computed&or bot+ t+e up!in* and don!in*. %+e up!in* is genera!!y t+e !imiting !in* in terms o& radio bearer

coerage. 6eert+e!ess t+e don!in* is c+ec*ed to eri&y t+is assumption.

Assume up!in* !oad

Ca!cu!ate up!in* R0 t+erma!sensitiity based on up!in* !oad

Determine tota! margins!osses and gainsF

Compute up!in* ma0imuma!!oed pat+ !oss

Ca!cu!ate up!in* %0 E(R#based upon E %0 poer

Assume don!in* !oad

Ca!cu!ate don!in* R0 t+erma!sensitiity based on don!in* !oad

Determine tota! margins!osses and gainsF

Compute don!in* ma0imuma!!oed pat+ !oss

Ca!cu!ate don!in* %0 E(R#based upon 6ode ? %0 poer

8igure 6: e;uence o# )ink +udget ca)cu)ation au(ing u.)ink )i(ited



12/22


13/22


aF /a0imum %0 poer perconnection

21d?m &or oice $4*bpsdata

24d?m &or K $4*bps data

4 d?m

bF Cab!e and connector !oss d? 2 d?

cF Combiner !oss d? d?

dF %0 Antenna gain d? 1- d?i

eF ?ody Loss 3 d? &or oice termina!s d? &or data termina!s

65A

%ota! EiR# poer per c+anne! d?mF a Md 8 b 8 c J e a Md J b J c

Ta+)e 2: Tran(itter .ara(eter

*Note the data terminal may have positive antenna gain and some body loss but is assumed to

have a net gain of 0dB.

".4 Reuired Eb56o

%+e Eb56o &igures in %ab!e 3+ae been based upon t+ose receied &rom manu&acturers it+ a 1d? sa&ety margin. 6ote t+at t+ese a!ues assume t+e use o& dua! branc+ receier diersity at t+ebase station.

Pedetrian en7iron(ent Ve"icu)ar en7iron(ent

!o-n)ink U.)ink !o-n)ink U.)ink

12%2 Voice ,." " ,." $

L$!54 $." 3 $ 4."L$!12, $ 2." "." 4

L$!3,4 "." 2 " 3

Ta+)e 3: Re;uired =+/No 7a)ue

"." Receier #arameters

%+e main receier parameters are s+on in %ab!e 4. %+e noise &igures are based uponin&ormation &rom manu&acturers.

Cable and Connector LossesJ%+e !osses are de&ined separate!y &or t+e transmit and receiedirections. %+is is done to enab!e re!atie!y simp!e mode!!ing o& mast +ead amp!i&iers i.e. +enmast +ead amp!i&iers are used t+e cab!e and connector !oss in t+e receie direction is set to d?.

Thermal noise densityJ %+e t+erma! noise density is computed &rom t+e euationI

Band%idtheTemperat,rConstantsBoltman.+ensity*oiseThermal =

Total effective noiseJ %+e tota! e&&ectie noise is computed &rom t+e sum o& t+e t+erma! noisedensity and t+e receier noise &igure. (t is used to de&ine t+e noise &!oor +en computing t+ereceier sensitiity.

Receiver thermal sensitivityJ %+e receier t+erma! sensitiity is computed according to t+eeuationI

')/Iorate0on1informatilog"#densitypo%ernoise'ffectiveySensitivitThermalReceiver ++=



14/22


Para(eter U= Node B

aF R0 antenna gain d?iF 1-

bF Cab!e and connector !osses d?F

assuming /ast+ead amp!i&ierF

cF R0 noise &igure d?F , 3."

dF %+erma! noise density d?m5HF 81,4 81,4

eF %ota! e&&ectie noise d?m5HF cF MdF

&F R0 t+erma! sensitiity d?mF eF M 1 !og in&ormation rateF M Eb5(o

Ta+)e 4: Recei7er .ara(eter

".$ Loading 'actor and inter&erence margin

%+e coerage and capacity o& CD/A systems are c!ose!y re!ated due to t+e use o& t+e same&reuency and s+aring o& poer. As t+e ce!! !oad increases= more inter&erence is generated in t+esystem resu!ting in a reduced coerage area. %+e increase and reduction in coerage area as aresu!t o& t+e !oading is *non as ce!! breat+ing5s+rin*ing and must be ta*en into account +endimensioning t+e system.

%+e !in* budget inc!udes an inter&erence margin t+at is based upon t+e !oad &actor and is gien byt+e &o!!oing euationI

=

factorload-1

1Log10marginceInterferen

%+e !oad &actor is t+e ratio o& actua! !oad to t+e po!e capacity. 'igure - s+os t+e inter&erencemargins as a &unction o& ce!! !oad.

As coerage is genera!!y up!in* !imited= t+e assumed up!in* !oading i!! impact t+e ce!! ranges andsite density. (n t+e current !in* budget t+e assumed up!in* !oad &actors are s+on in %ab!e ". 7nt+e ot+er +and= t+e don!in* !oading cou!d be as +ig+ as , to - .

(t s+ou!d a!so be noted t+at a percentage o& t+e noise rise it+in a ce!! ou!d be due tointer&erence &rom adacent ce!!s. 'urt+er detai!s can be &ound in 94:.



15/22


nter#erence Margin

4

-

12

1$

2

24

H 2H 4H $H -H 1H

Loading #actor re)ati7e to .o)e ca.acit< ?

4nter#erence(arginAdB

8igure ,: nter#erence (argin a a #unction o# t"e


16/22


".,.2 )!o &ading 5 !og8norma! &ading margin

)!o &ading or s+adoing is t+e ariation in t+e !oca! mean o& t+e receied signa! t+at is causedby terrain irregu!arity and is typica!!y !og8norma!!y distributed. %+e standard deiation o&s+adoing +as been ta*en as 1d? +ic+ is &air!y standardF in a rura! enironment. 'or t+eot+er enironments it +as been ta*en as 1 d?= +ic+ represent a composite o& t+e indoor andoutdoor

to ma*e some a!!oance &or t+e rise in standard deiation due to operation in8bui!ding.

%+e Coerage area aai!abi!ity used &or t+e suburban in8bui!ding enironment is current!y set to-". 'or ot+er enironments= t+e coerage area aai!abi!ity is . %+e 'ading margin +asbeen ca!cu!ated to gie t+e reuired aai!abi!ity based upon a pat+ !oss e0ponent o& 3.4. %+eca!cu!ation is current!y per&ormed as &or a +e0agona! ce!! rat+er t+an a more correct approac+ o&per&orming t+is &or a c!oer!ea& enironment. %+e di&&erence is sma!!.

".,.3 'ast &ading margin

'ast &ading re&ers to t+e attenuation o& t+e signa!s due to mu!tipat+ re&!ections and di&&ractions.

%+e s+ort8term aerage o& &ast &ading can typica!!y be represented by a Ray!eig+ distribution.

(n s!o moing enironments= t+e ENs c!osed8!oop &ast poer contro! can e&&ectie!y compensate&or &ast &ading. %+is ou!d reuire appropriate +eadroom in t+e E transmission poer. (n 91:a&ast &ading margin o& 4 d? is suggested +i!e in ot+er !in* budgets no a!!oance is made &or t+ismargin. (n t+e current !in* budget= 3d? is used.

".,.4 )o&t Hando&& Gain

Depending upon t+e degree o& s!o &ading corre!ation beteen base stations= so&t +ando&& resu!tsin a reduction o& t+e reuired s!o &ading margin. (n addition= due to macro diersity combining=so&t +ando&& proides gain against &ast &ading by reducing t+e reuired Eb56o.

%ypica! a!ues &or so&t +ando&& gain are around 284 d? 91:93:.A &igure o& 3d? +as been used int+e !in* budget.

".,." Receier antenna diersity gain

(t is assumed t+at t+e receier antenna diersity gain is ta*en into account in t+e reuired Eb56oa!ues.

".- /a0imum A!!oed #at+ Loss

%+e /a0imum A!!oed #at+ Loss /A#LF &or eac+ serice and in eery enironment can becomputed &or up!in* and don!in* as &o!!osI

nsTotalMargiensitivityR2ThermalS

ossesConnectorL3R2Ca)leainR2$ntenna!T2'iRPM$PL

+=

". Antenna Heig+ts

%+e propagation mode! reuires t+e +eig+ts o& bot+ t+e 6ode ? and E antennas.

?ase station antenna +eig+ts +ae been assumed to be 3 meters &or urban and dense8urbanenironments. 'or suburban and rura!= antenna +eig+ts o& 2 meters ere assumed. %+is

assumption is based on t+e greater bui!ding +eig+t in a dense urban enironment. E antenna+eig+ts +ae been ta*en as 1." metres t+roug+out.



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".1 Deried Ce!! Radius

'or t+e ca!cu!ation o& ce!! radius= t+e C7)%231 propagation mode! +as been used. %+e C7)%231mode! is based upon t+e Hata mode!= +ic+ is an empirica! &ormu!ation o& t+e 7*umura &ie!dmeasurement resu!ts. 'or urban enironments= C7)%231 is gien byI

( ) ( ) ( )[ ] ( ) CmdHbHbfPathLoss +++= loglog44567588log9:5";log75;;;586

+ere

fis t+e &reuency=

Hbis t+e base station antenna +eig+t

Cmis t+e E antenna correction &actor and it is J3 &or metropo!itan areas and eery+eree!se. (n t+e !in* budget CmO 83 &or t+e dense urbanF.

)ince t+e C7)%231 is re&erenced to t+e urban enironment t+e &o!!oing c!utter correction &actorsere usedI 12 d? &or suburban and 2$ d? &or rura!.



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$ Deried #!anning Lee!s

%+e !ee!s used &or p!anning are based upon t+e up!in* per&ormance o& t+e system. %+e reason&or t+is decision is t+at at !east initia!!y t+e system i!! be primari!y coerage !imited in +ic+ caset+e ce!! sie is restricted by t+e up!in*. (t s+ou!d be noted t+at &or ery +ig+ usage t+e system i!!

become capacity !imited and become dominated by t+e don!in*.

it+in t+e radio netor* p!anning too!= coerage p!anning is comp!eted by speci&ying a set o&signa! strengt+ t+res+o!ds de&ined by a re!atie!y arbitrary 6ode ? E(R# and t+e ma0imuma!!oab!e pat+ !oss &igures. %+e signa! strengt+ t+res+o!ds used ere deried assuming a %0E(R# o& 4d?m %0 #A poer O 22d?m antenna gain O1- d?F as s+on in %ab!e ,be!o.

(t s+ou!d be noted t+at +en using t+e c!oer!ea& structures t+e typica! ce!! radii s+on be!o arein &act t+e dia(eter o& t+e c!oer!ea&.

!ene Ur+an Ur+an u+ur+an Rura)

%arget up!in* serice 12- *bps=in8bui!ding

12- *bpsin8bui!ding

12- *bpsin8bui!ding

$4 *bpsin8e+ic!e

Assumed !oading $ "" " 3

Assumed ?%) antenna +eig+ts mF 3 3 2 2

6omina! ce!! radii *mF .3" .$ 1.4 $

Assumed %0 EiR# d?mF 4

/a0imum a!!oed pat+ !oss d?F 124.,- 12.2 13"."" 142.2

P)anning )e7e) d?mF ,4%6 ,%2 &%& 103%2

Ta+)e 6: $urrent .)anning )e7e)%



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, 'urt+er or*I RA6 Dimensioning

(n t+e current !in* budgets= certain !oadings per c!utter type ere assumed section ".$F.Hoeer= &or accurate dimensioning= t+e !oading s+ou!d be determined &rom t+e e0pected tra&&icpro&i!es. (n addition= due to t+e e0pected presence o& mi0ed serices rea! time non rea! timeF

it+ arious asymmetry &actors= t+e !oading i!! not be t+e same &or t+e up!in* and don!in*.

%+e !in* budget +as a!so been imp!emented in a system8dimensioning too! t+at determines t+ereuired number o& sites and carriers to meet t+e e0pected coerage and capacity reuirements 94:.%+is too! is being a!idated and ca!ibrated against t+e radio netor* p!anning too!.



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- Appendi0 AI /ode!!ing /HAs

/ast Head Amp!i&iers /HAF &orm a standard part o& Hutc+ison3GPs system so!ution. /HAsimproe t+e up!in* !in* budget by compensating &or 6ode ? cab!e !osses and improing t+e6ode ? receier noise &igure. %+e improement in !in* budget may be studied using 'riisP

euation. %+is euation is based upon a cascaded receier sub8system. 'riisP euation isi!!ustrated be!o.

NoiseFactor

F1

NoiseFactor

F2

Gain=G1

Gain=G2

NoiseFactor

F3

Gain=Gn

5555++++=321

4

21

3

1

21

GGG

1)(NF

GG

1)(NF

G

1)(NFNFFigureNoiseComposite

(n rea!ity t+e cascaded receier sub8system inc!udes t+e /HA= &eeder cab!e and a bias8%. %+ebias8% is used to proide poer to t+e /HA by inecting a o!tage into t+e &eeder cab!e. %+isreceier sub8system is i!!ustrated be!o.

M ast H ea dA m plife rs

F e e d e rC a b l e

B ias- T

J um pe rC able

J um pe rC ab le

J um pe rC ab le

W C D M AX -po lar

A n tenna



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%ypica! parameters &or eac+ component are presented in t+e %ab!e be!o. %+e !oss associatedit+ t+e umper cab!es is assumed to be ." d?. T"e noie #igure and gain o# t"e MA int"i ta+)e are a..)ica+)e to Nokia and -i)) +e di##erent #or N=$.

=)e(ent Noie

8igure N8

Cain C

'u(.er ." d? 8." d?

MA 2 d? 12 d?

BiaT .3 d? .3 d?

BT 3." d? 8

%+e precise a!ue o& &eeder !oss is dependent upon t+e !engt+ o& &eeder and t+e type o& &eederse!ected. 'eeder cab!e &orms a passie component and t+e noise &igure is eua! to t+e !oss.

8eeder

!ia(eter

Lo .er

10(

1/2D 1.13 dB

6/,D 0.65 dB

1 1/4D 0.47 dB

1 &/,D 0.40 dB

2 1/4D 0.34 dB

%+e !arger diameter &eeders +ae !oer !oss but are more e0pensie and more di&&icu!t toinsta!!. 'riisP euation may be used to study t+e impact o& t+e /HA &or any combination o&&eeder type and !engt+. %+e tab!e be!o i!!ustrates a set o& e0amp!es.

8eeder Lo Noie 8igure

-it"out MA

Noie 8igure

-it" MA

Bene#it o#

uing MA

." d? 4. d? 3.1" d? .-" d?

1. d? 4." d? 3.2" d? 1.2" d?

1." d? ". d? 3.3, d? 1.$3 d?

2. d? "." d? 3." d? 2. d?

2." d? $. d? 3.$4 d? 2.3$ d?

3. d? $." d? 3., d? 2.,1 d?

3." d? ,. d? 3.$ d? 3.4 d?

4. d? ,." d? 4.14 d? 3.3$ d?



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Hutc+ison3GPs up!in* coerage t+res+o!ds ta*e account o& /HAs by assuming t+at t+e &eeder!oss is d? in t+e up!in* direction. %+e tab!e aboe i!!ustrates t+at t+is assumption ispessimistic &or &eeder !osses o& !ess t+an 2d?. %+is means t+e !in* budgets +ae some degreeo& margin inc!uded. %+is margin is greatest &or sma!! &eeder !osses e.g. a &eeder !oss o& ." d?resu!ts in a .-" d? bene&it. A &eeder !oss o& 3 d? resu!ts in a bene&it o& 2.,1 d? i.e. t+e bene&itis !ess t+an t+e &eeder !oss. (n t+is case t+e assumption o& &eeder !oss compensation isoptimistic by .2 d?.

%o summarise t+e aboe= t+e &o!!oing tab!e s+os t+e impact o& arious &eeder !osses on t+e!in* budget assumptionI

8eeder Lo Link +udget i

.ei(itic +

Macro Link Budget

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