7/24/2019 Macro Lesson Plan

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 PEER Teacher Requested Resource

Lesson Plan Macromolecules in Digestion, The Big Four

[Macromolecules, The Big Four]

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ummar!" This lesson covers the function and structure of macromolecules (carbohydrates, proteins,lipids, and nucleic acids). The lesson plan includes a PowerPoint presentation, lab

experiment and worksheet, a YouTube video, and links to an online lesson and qui.

#e!words" macromolecules, carbohydrates, protein, nucleic acids, lipids, enyme,nutrient, activation ener!y,

ub$ect T%#" cience"T#$%" &.'eco!nie how lar!e molecules are broken down into smaller molecules such ascarbohydrates can be broken down into su!ars.

*iolo!y +.ompare the structures and functions of different types of biomolecules, includin!carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

-lorida %tandards"%.+/.0.1.2escribe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four ma3orcate!ories of biolo!ical macromolecules.

%.+/.0.1.4n.a4dentify that carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids (macromolecules) areimportant for human or!anisms.

&rade Le'el"

Tar!et 5rade" +0ower *ound" &

Learning (b$ecti'es" 

• eco!nie how lar!e molecules are broken down into smaller molecules.

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• ompare the structures and functions of macromolecules.

• 2escribe the basic molecular structures and primary functions of the four ma3or

cate!ories of biolo!ical macromolecules.

• 4dentify the functions of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Time )e*uired" 6 / lass %essions

Materials" • PowerPoint Presentation

• The *i! -our 7 8olecules Pre 0ab 9uestion :orksheet ; 0ab <andout

• The *i! -our 7 8olecules 0ab supplies"

o Test Tubes (= per !roup)

o 2istilled :ater 

o 5lass 8arkin! Pencil

o 5raduated ylinder

o pple >uice

o Test Tube ack o Paper *a!s (= per !roup)

o Pipette

o *iuret ea!ent

o Potato %olution

o <ot Plate

o *eaker 

o ?atmeal %olution

o Test Tube <older 

o :hole 8ilk 

o *enedict@s %olution

o 4odine

o ookin! ?il

o 5elatin %olution

o Yo!urt

%+endable Acti'it! -ost Per &rou [in dollars]" A BC

Bac.ground and -oncets for Teachers" This lesson covers the function and structure of the four common macromolecules(carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids). The role of enymes are alsocovered and discussed. arbohydrates function as the main ener!y source of the body.arbohydrates are formed of carbon, hydro!en, and oxy!en atoms with a ratio of"/". arbohydrates are composed of saccharides. The smallest unit of saccharides isa monosaccharide. 8onosaccharides combine to!ether to form disaccharides?li!osaccharides are chains of DEC monosaccharides. Polysaccharides are the lar!estunit of carbohydrates. omplex carbohydrate molecules are broken down into simplesu!ars. ctivation #ner!y is the ener!y needed to start a reaction. n enyme is a

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 protein catalyst that speeds up biolo!ical reactions by lowerin! the activation ener!y.Proteins are nutrients which contain materials the body uses for !rowth and repair.Proteins are made of arbon, <ydro!en, ?xy!en and Fitro!en. Proteins are lar!emolecules made up of combinations of amino acids. mino acids are bound to!etherto form chains that are called peptides. Proteins are formed of combinations of lar!e

 peptides chainsG this is referred to as polypeptides. 0ipids function as stored ener!y,insulation for the body, and assist absorption of certain vitamins. 0ipids are lar!emolecules that can be cate!oried as fats or oils. 0ipids are composed of tri!lycerides.These molecules are made up of carbon, hydro!en, and oxy!en atoms. *ile andenymes in the small intestine break lipids down into small molecules of fatty acidsand !lycerol. Fucleic cids store and carry !enetic information. ll nucleic acids aremade from combinations of nucleotides. Fucleotides are made of three parts". fiveEcarbon su!ar/. base that has nitro!en (F) atomsD. n ion of phosphoric acid known as phosphate (P?HDE)

/ocabular! 0 Definitions" • 1utrient" omponents in food that provide materials and ener!y the body needs

for it to function.• Acti'ation %nerg!" The ener!y needed to start a reaction

• %n2!me" protein catalyst that speeds up biolo!ical reactions by lowerin! the

activation ener!y• -arboh!drate" The main ener!y source of the body (su!ar and starch).

arbohydrates are formed of carbon, hydro!en, and oxy!en atoms.• Protein" 4s a nutrient made up of amino acids. These lar!e molecules contain

carbon, hydro!en, oxy!en, and nitro!en.

• Liid" re lar!e molecules that can be cate!oried as fats or oils. These

molecules are made up of carbon, hydro!en, and oxy!en atoms. 0ipids are brokendown by enymes into small molecules of fatty acids or !lycerol.

Lesson 3ntroduction 0 Moti'ation" The second slide of the PowerPoint presentation asks I:hy are 8acromoleculesimportant to the <uman *odyJK Lse this question to !et the class involved and see if anyof the students can !ive a correct answer. The slide reveals the followin! functions ofmacromolecules as some reasons why they are important to the human body"arbohydrates are the body@s main source of ener!y. 0ipids provide stored ener!yreserves. This allows us to survive when carbohydrates are not bein! supplied to the body. Protein helps us stay stron!, by formin! new bones and muscles, and helpin! usfi!ht diseases. Fucleic acids are responsible for makin! each person functional anduniqueG they are the blueprint for our !enetic structure. 

Presentation0%+lanation" Lse the I8acromolecules, The *i! -ourK PowerPoint presentation to cover the material.This presentation !ives an overview of the functions and structures of carbohydrates,

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 protein, lipids, and nucleic acids. lso, there is a YouTube video embedded into the lastslide of the presentation as an optional lesson extension.

Acti'it!0Alication"

• The Big Four 4 Macromolecules Lab

PreEctivity 4nstructions for Teacher 

2ownload IThe *i! -our 7 8acromolecules 0ab 4nstructionsK and thecorrespondin! IThe *i! -our 7 8acromolecules 0ab 9uestions and :orksheetKfor each student. The lab instructions and the worksheet should be !iven to thestudents after the PowerPoint presentation and before the lab activity isscheduled. The students should have completed the preElab questions section ofThe *i! -our 7 8acromolecules 0ab 9uestions and :orksheet and formed theirhypothesis before be!innin! the lab experiment. This would also be a !reathomework assi!nment or could all be done in one class period.

•

?n the 2ate of the 0ab ctivity<ave the materials set out for the students. #ach lab !roup will need = test tubes,= brown paper ba!s, !lass markin! pencil and a beaker (for a hot water bath).#ach !roup will also need a small amount of each food sample (a M1th cup would be more than enou!h). These food samples should include" potato solution,oatmeal solution, cookin! oil, !elatin solution, yo!urt, and whole milk. Thestudents will need access to a bottle of *enedict@s %olution, 4odine, *iuretea!ent, and distilled water, alon! with a pipette for each. lso, it isrecommended to have the hot plates plu!!ed in to later be used for the hot water bath. <elp !uide the students in followin! the instructions on the IThe *i! -our 78acromolecules 0ab 4nstructionsK.

Lesson -losure" The data table and the last three questions on the lab worksheet should be completed atthe end of the lab, or assi!ned as homework.

Assessment0%'aluation" The completed lab worksheets can be used to assess comprehension of the lesson.

Lesson %+tensions"

. :atch the fun YouTube video of a teacher rappin! N8olecules 5one :ild (*io %tyle)Nhttp"MMwww.youtube.comMwatchJvOnt+u&focH 

/. ?nline lesson and qui over macromolecules"http"MMbcs.whfreeman.comMthelifewireMcontentMchpCDMCDC/CC/.html 

afet! 3ssues" 4n the IThe *i! -our 7 8acromolecules 0abK

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7/24/2019 Macro Lesson Plan

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. *iuret ea!ent contains a stron! base. 4f a student !ets it on their skin, they shouldwash it off immediately with water /. 4odine should be used with caution since it can stain skin and clothin!

)esources"

•

N8olecules 5one :ild (*io %tyle)N http"MMwww.youtube.comMwatchJvOnt+u&focH• ?nline lesson and qui over macromolecules"

http"MMbcs.whfreeman.comMthelifewireMcontentMchpCDMCDC/CC/.html

)eferences" • htt"00biolog!5unm5edu0ccouncil0Biolog!67890ummaries0Macromol5html

• http"MMwww.chemHkids.comMfilesMbioQintro.html

Authors" Lnder!raduate -ellow" $aren Thomas

5raduate -ellow" >ennifer 5raham

© Partnership for Environmental Education and Rural Health atCollege of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences !e"as #&M $niversity%unding support from the ational 'nstitutes of Health (ffice of Research 'nfrastructure Programs )(R'P*