Machine Type Communications and Internet of Things · MTC is about connected devices to serve...

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KTH ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Machine Type Communications and Internet of Things Andrés Laya, PhD Student Communication Systems February 25, 2016

Transcript of Machine Type Communications and Internet of Things · MTC is about connected devices to serve...

Page 1: Machine Type Communications and Internet of Things · MTC is about connected devices to serve specific purposes. • Combination of products and services. Focus should be on the experience

KTH ROYAL INSTITUTEOF TECHNOLOGY

Machine Type Communications and Internet of ThingsAndrés Laya, PhD StudentCommunication SystemsFebruary 25, 2016

Page 2: Machine Type Communications and Internet of Things · MTC is about connected devices to serve specific purposes. • Combination of products and services. Focus should be on the experience

• Definitions and characteristics• From connectivity to service oriented• Generic Applications

Part I – Introduction to M2M, MTC and IoT

• Study Cases• Final remarks

Part II – Application Cases

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Machine-to-Machine Communications

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications refer to the exchange of data between devices:

· With minimal human intervention,

· Controlling and monitoring applications.

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Devices(Sensors/Actuators)

Any type of network thatfacilitates end-to-end

conectivity

ProcessingManagementApplication

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M2M – Some Related terms

Machine-Type Communications (MTC) • Communication where at least one element is a Machine.• Working terminology used by 3GPP.• Regarded M2M carried over cellular networks.

Internet of Things (IoT)• Includes connection and access to the broader Internet.• First coined in 1999 by K. Ashton to describe a “world of

seamless connected devices that would save us time and money”.

Cellular IoT (CIoT)• Wireless networks operating in licensed spectrum.• Developed for IoT purposes.

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Connectivity Networks

6From “M2M in Smart Grids & Smart Cities Technologies, Standards, and Applications”, Mischa Dohler and Jesús Alonso-Zárate

Wired – cabling between devices and gateways:- Pros: reliable, high data rates, secure, little delays.- Cons: expensive, not scalable, no mobility.

Wireless Capillary – shared shor t-range network:- Pros: cheap, scalable, low power.- Cons: low data rates, interference, lack of ubiquitous coverage.

Wireless Cellular – dedicated cellular link:- Pros: excellent coverage, mobility, roaming, secure.- Cons: expensive operation and maintenance, energy efficient.

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Wireless Connectivity

7Figure source: FutureLearn course on The Intenet of Things. King’s College London 2015.https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/internet-of-things

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MTC - Challenges in the 5G vision

8Figure taken from the Ericsson review on 5G radio access [here]

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Applicability

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From connectivity to service -oriented

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MTC is about connected devices to serve specific purposes.• Combination of products and services.Focus should be on the experience and value co-creation.• Rather than the development of products.• The focus is on “what problems can you solve”.

Connected products … or services?

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A. Laya, A. Ghanbari, and J. Markendahl, “Tele-economics in MTC: what numbers would not show,” EAI Endorsed Transactions on Internet of Things, vol. 1, no. 1, 10 2015.

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Transportation

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• Smart Parking.• Car sharing.• Pay-as-you-drive Insurance.• Automatic maintenance scheduling.• Self-driving vehicles.

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Health & Wellbeing

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• Real-time symptoms report.• Report for medicine intake.• Remote patient monitoring.

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Smart Cities

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• Smart bin collection.• Dynamic traffic lighting.• Building Automation.• Smart lights.• Utility metering.

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Industrial Automation

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• Smart Grids.• Manufacturing automation.• Telemetry.• Industry 4.0.

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M2M Characteristics

• Huge amount of devices• Need for Interoperability• Autonomous operation • Mainly uplink data to repor t sensed information• Small data transmissions, on/off or readings from meters• Duty cycling to repor t information• For many applications, mobility is not a major concern• Heterogeneity in terms of information priority• Energy efficiency and network lifetime

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M2M and the Forecasts

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• M2M is not about high traffic, but high number of devices transmitting small payloads.• M2M dimensioning limited by signaling rather than capacity.

Cisco VNI Mobile, 2016

Devices 2015 2020M2M 0,6B 3,2BTotal 7,9B 11,6B

Traffic 2015 2020M2M 3% 7%Smartp 76% 81%

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Technical Challenges

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Specific Requirements

• Reduce mobility signaling.• Time controlled transmissions.• Small data transmissions.• Interoperability.• Priority Alarm Handling.

There is a need to

• Provide connectivity to large number of devices

• Prevent traffic peaks: congestion control.

• Energy-efficient mechanism for autonomous devices.

• Provide charging mechanisms suitable for M2M.

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Business Challenges

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Existing solutions are typically dedicated to single applications.Business model focused on provider-customer model.Interoperability between M2M products vendors and networks.Difficulties to analyse value.

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Cases• Phone Keys• Remote Monitoring• Facility Management• Connected cars

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• Digital key using mobile phones.• Access authorization and time registration.• Homecare authorities can prove service delivery.• Relatives can monitor who enters the home.

• Big values:– Reducing complexity in keys management – Providing accurate reporting times

www.bluegiga.com/solution?g=Consumer&n=Phoniro

#1 Homecare - Access Control and Time Reporting

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ShowstoppersMNO in charge of the application management phased out the service, claiming:• Small market• Lack of suitable phones• Complex product for the sales force• Long sales cycles in the public sector

22Source: Jan I Markendahl “Mobile Network Operators and Cooperation :A Tele-Economic Study of Infrastructure sharing and Mobile Payment Services”. 2011 KTH PhD dissertation.

Change:Service was not cancelled, delivered without active participation of MNOs, the municipality took care of the connectivity provisioning.

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#2 Remote monitoring - in Västerås

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• Caretakers need assistance several times per day• Some visits can be replaced by video conversation

– Check medication intake.– Reminders.– First contact in case of alarms.

• Big values:– 300 e-home care customers.– 2 M€ annual cost saving.– Immediate response.

- A Laya and J. Markendahl “The M2M Promise, What Could Make it Happen? A Techno-economic Analysis.” The Second IEEE WoWMoM Workshop on IoT-SoS- Picture from: “eHomecare: How Technology is Revolutionizing Homecare in Sweden” By Sofia Widén 2015

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InitialSetbacks

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• Less than 30% of people of age above 70 had Internet. • For the ISPs, the service was for :

– A small, price sensitive market segment.– Customers that require a lot of customer care.

• Customers mistrusted the ISP installation.

New Thinking• Customers do not pay for broadband.

• Installation done by homecare staff.

• The town IT service department:

– Buys broadband connectivity capacity.

– Acts as service provider.

– Is responsible for the technical solution.

J. Markendahl and A. Laya “Business Model Challenges For Internet Of Things” 2013 IMP Conference.Picture from: “Att införa e-hemtjänst” Hjälpmedelsinstitutet 2012

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#3 Facility Management - Halmstad town

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• Parallel applications are present

• Provided with vertical solutions:

• Network deployment and operation.

• Connectivity.

• Billing.

• Customer relationship.

• Our services should be provided by our infrastructure.

• Providers want to control the customer interface.

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The proposed solution was a horizontal and shared infrastructure.This common infrastructure is operated by a neutral actor.

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#4 Connected Cars

Two cases: • Tesla Motors and the Tesla Model S. • Ericsson’s “Connected Vehicle Cloud” used by Volvo.

• New value added services:• Either by themselves.• Or through third-par ty actors.

• Gather valuable data on the operation of the car,• The drivers gain access to new services.• Single delivery channel for third-par ty actors.

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• Main partner is Ericsson, and the M2M Service Enablement Platform.• Horizontal platform for applications and developers. • Connectivity becomes a challenge.

• Initial phase via the user’s smartphone (roaming fees).

CustomerCustomer

• Main partners are operators (TeliaSonera/AT&T).• Silo approach restricts the applications by third-party actors.• Solves the connectivity problem

• Ensures seamless service while roaming.

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M2M services are often par t of a complex value constellation. Consumer not directly involved with communication provider

Remember: change in mindset

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Changein the

Relations

Consumers

MobileOperators

Consumers

ServiceProviders

MobileOperators

InformationBrokers

ApplicationProviders

}

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Values and Drivers

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Values

• Low ARPU But high revenue per application.

• Consumers can be par t of the aftermarket in value co-creation.

• Data represents valuable information:• Improved and customized services.• Reduce expenditures.• Optimize working times.

Drivers

• Saturation of human market.• Declining costs in hardware and

connectivity.• Expanding coverage of mature

technologies.• Par ticular to each application:

• Smart metering and UE 2022 mandate.• Health and change from episodic to

continuous-care.• Large scale applications and incentives

from public funding.

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Possible role for MNOs

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• Indirect relationship with M2M applications (Connectivity provider).• Trends: • Global partnerships, solutions and services.

• Beginning to understand the role of the data.

Future revenues• Support business

decisions with data intelligence.

• Secure and Manage data.

• Creation of new applications.

Application

ServiceManagement

SIM, Modules...

Connectivity

Devices

ServiceEnablement

Application

ServiceManagement

Connectivity

Devices

DATA

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Further reads

Future Learn – The Internet of Things (online course by King’s College London)https://www.futurelearn.com/courses/internet-of-things/

HBR - How Smart, Connected Products Are Transforming Competition.Porter and Heppelmann.https://hbr.org/2014/11/how-smart-connected-products-are-transforming-competition

Ericsson – Service Enablementhttp://archive.ericsson.net/service/internet/picov/get?DocNo=28701-EN/LZT1380878

Forbes -The Massive M2M Business OpportunitySanjay Poonen.http://www.forbes.com/sites/sap/2013/02/18/the-massive-m2m-business-opportunity-part-1/

Machine-to-Machine in Smart Grids & Smart Cities. Technologies, Standards, and ApplicationsMischa Dohler, David Boswarthick, Jesús Alonso-Zárate.http://cttc.es/resources/doc/121203-m2m-tutorial-alonso-boswarthick-dohler-globecom2012-4961955251780189470.pdf