Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine...
Transcript of Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine...
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Machine Translation01: Introduction
Rico Sennrich(slide credit to Adam Lopez)
University of Edinburgh
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The Confusion of Tongues
Gustave Doré (1865)
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Georges Artsrouni’s “mechanical brain”, patented 1933 (France)
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ENIAC (1946), first computer
Gloria Ruth Gordon and Ester Gerson, first programmers
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When I look at an article in Russian, I say: “This
is really written in English, but it has been coded in some strange symbols. I will now proceed to decode.”
Warren Weaver (1949)
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Popular view of MT in 2005
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Popular view of MT in 2005
Popular view of NLP:
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Popular view of MT in 2017
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Popular view of MT in 2017
and NLP:
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R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 9 / 40
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R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 9 / 40
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R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 10 / 40
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R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 11 / 40
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R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 12 / 40
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Translation Exercise
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iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
ok-voon ororok sprok .
at-voon bichat dat .ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
at-drubel at-voon pippat rrat dat .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok .
totat dat arrat vat hilat . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
at-voon krat pippat sat lat . wiwok farok izok stok .
totat jjat quat cat . lalok sprok izok jok stok .
wat dat krat quat cat .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .
wat jjat bichat wat dat vat eneat . lalok brok anok plok nok .
iat lat pippat rrat nnat . wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .
totat nnat quat oloat at-yurp . lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
wat nnat gat mat bat hilat . lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .
wat nnat arrat mat zanzanat . lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
wat nnat forat arrat vat gat .
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iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
ok-voon ororok sprok .
at-voon bichat dat .ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
at-drubel at-voon pippat rrat dat .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok .
totat dat arrat vat hilat . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
at-voon krat pippat sat lat . wiwok farok izok stok .
totat jjat quat cat . lalok sprok izok jok stok .
wat dat krat quat cat .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .
wat jjat bichat wat dat vat eneat . lalok brok anok plok nok .
iat lat pippat rrat nnat . wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .
totat nnat quat oloat at-yurp . lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
wat nnat gat mat bat hilat . lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .
wat nnat arrat mat zanzanat . lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
wat nnat forat arrat vat gat .
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pippat : anokquat : izokrrat : ploksat : drok
totat : eroktotat : wiwok
vat : izokwat : lalok
zanzanat : zanzanok??? : crrrok
arrat : hihokat-drubel : ok-drubel
at-voon : ok-voonat-yurp : ok-yurp
bat : clokbichat : ororok
cat : stokdat : sprok
eneat : enemokforat : rarok
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
gat : mokhilat : ghirok
iat : lalokjjat : farokkrat : joklat : brok
mat : yoroknnat : nok
oloat : kantok
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pippat : anokquat : izokrrat : ploksat : drok
totat : eroktotat : wiwok
vat : izokwat : lalok
zanzanat : zanzanok??? : crrrok
arrat : hihokat-drubel : ok-drubel
at-voon : ok-voonat-yurp : ok-yurp
bat : clokbichat : ororok
cat : stokdat : sprok
eneat : enemokforat : rarok
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
gat : mokhilat : ghirok
iat : lalokjjat : farokkrat : joklat : brok
mat : yoroknnat : nok
oloat : kantok
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 15 / 40
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pippat : anokquat : izokrrat : ploksat : drok
totat : eroktotat : wiwok
vat : izokwat : lalok
zanzanat : zanzanok??? : crrrok
arrat : hihokat-drubel : ok-drubel
at-voon : ok-voonat-yurp : ok-yurp
bat : clokbichat : ororok
cat : stokdat : sprok
eneat : enemokforat : rarok
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
gat : mokhilat : ghirok
iat : lalokjjat : farokkrat : joklat : brok
mat : yoroknnat : nok
oloat : kantok
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
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ok-voon ororok sprok .
at-voon bichat dat .ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
at-drubel at-voon pippat rrat dat .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok .
totat dat arrat vat hilat . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
at-voon krat pippat sat lat . wiwok farok izok stok .
totat jjat quat cat . lalok sprok izok jok stok .
wat dat krat quat cat .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .
wat jjat bichat wat dat vat eneat . lalok brok anok plok nok .
iat lat pippat rrat nnat . wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .
totat nnat quat oloat at-yurp . lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
wat nnat gat mat bat hilat . lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .
wat nnat arrat mat zanzanat . lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
wat nnat forat arrat vat gat .
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 16 / 40
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ok-voon ororok sprok .
at-voon bichat dat .ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
at-drubel at-voon pippat rrat dat .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok .
totat dat arrat vat hilat . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
at-voon krat pippat sat lat . wiwok farok izok stok .
totat jjat quat cat . lalok sprok izok jok stok .
wat dat krat quat cat .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .
wat jjat bichat wat dat vat eneat . lalok brok anok plok nok .
iat lat pippat rrat nnat . wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .
totat nnat quat oloat at-yurp . lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
wat nnat gat mat bat hilat . lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .
wat nnat arrat mat zanzanat . lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
wat nnat forat arrat vat gat .
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok anok brok enemok kantok ghirok ok-yurp .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 16 / 40
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ok-voon ororok sprok .
at-voon bichat dat .ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
at-drubel at-voon pippat rrat dat .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok .
totat dat arrat vat hilat . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
at-voon krat pippat sat lat . wiwok farok izok stok .
totat jjat quat cat . lalok sprok izok jok stok .
wat dat krat quat cat .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .
wat jjat bichat wat dat vat eneat . lalok brok anok plok nok .
iat lat pippat rrat nnat . wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .
totat nnat quat oloat at-yurp . lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
wat nnat gat mat bat hilat . lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .
wat nnat arrat mat zanzanat . lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
wat nnat forat arrat vat gat .
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok kantok ghirok enemok ok-yurp .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 16 / 40
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ok-voon ororok sprok .
at-voon bichat dat .ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
at-drubel at-voon pippat rrat dat .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok .
totat dat arrat vat hilat . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
at-voon krat pippat sat lat . wiwok farok izok stok .
totat jjat quat cat . lalok sprok izok jok stok .
wat dat krat quat cat .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .
wat jjat bichat wat dat vat eneat . lalok brok anok plok nok .
iat lat pippat rrat nnat . wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .
totat nnat quat oloat at-yurp . lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
wat nnat gat mat bat hilat . lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .
wat nnat arrat mat zanzanat . lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
wat nnat forat arrat vat gat .
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok kantok ghirok enemok ok-yurp .
5040 possible orderings!
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 16 / 40
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iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40
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iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40
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iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40
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iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40
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iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40
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iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40
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iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40
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iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40
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iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok enemok ghirok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40
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iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40
![Page 36: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022053100/6058db1a8fbf617dd4192f3d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40
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iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40
![Page 38: Machine Translation - 01: Introductionhomepages.inf.ed.ac.uk/rsennric/mt18/1.pdf · Machine Translation 01: Introduction Rico Sennrich (slide credit to Adam Lopez) University of Edinburgh](https://reader033.fdocuments.in/reader033/viewer/2022053100/6058db1a8fbf617dd4192f3d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40
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iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40
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iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40
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iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40
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iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 17 / 40
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R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 18 / 40
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totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 18 / 40
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totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
pippat : anokquat : izokrrat : ploksat : drok
totat : eroktotat : wiwok
vat : izokwat : lalok
zanzanat : zanzanok??? : crrrok
arrat : hihokat-drubel : ok-drubel
at-voon : ok-voonat-yurp : ok-yurp
bat : clokbichat : ororok
cat : stokdat : sprok
eneat : enemokforat : rarok
gat : mokhilat : ghirok
iat : lalokjjat : farokkrat : joklat : brok
mat : yoroknnat : nok
oloat : kantok
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 18 / 40
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totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
pippat : anokquat : izokrrat : ploksat : drok
totat : eroktotat : wiwok
vat : izokwat : lalok
zanzanat : zanzanok??? : crrrok
arrat : hihokat-drubel : ok-drubel
at-voon : ok-voonat-yurp : ok-yurp
bat : clokbichat : ororok
cat : stokdat : sprok
eneat : enemokforat : rarok
gat : mokhilat : ghirok
iat : lalokjjat : farokkrat : joklat : brok
mat : yoroknnat : nok
oloat : kantok
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 18 / 40
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totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
pippat : anokquat : izokrrat : ploksat : drok
totat : eroktotat : wiwok
vat : izokwat : lalok
zanzanat : zanzanok??? : crrrok
arrat : hihokat-drubel : ok-drubel
at-voon : ok-voonat-yurp : ok-yurp
bat : clokbichat : ororok
cat : stokdat : sprok
eneat : enemokforat : rarok
gat : mokhilat : ghirok
iat : lalokjjat : farokkrat : joklat : brok
mat : yoroknnat : nok
oloat : kantok
erok|wiwok nok rarok hihok yorok clok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 18 / 40
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totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
erok|wiwok nok rarok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 19 / 40
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totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
erok|wiwok nok rarok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 19 / 40
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totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
erok|wiwok nok rarok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 19 / 40
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totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
erok|wiwok rarok nok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 19 / 40
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totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
erok|wiwok rarok nok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 19 / 40
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totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
erok|wiwok rarok nok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 19 / 40
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totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
erok|wiwok rarok nok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 19 / 40
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totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
wiwok rarok nok crrrok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 19 / 40
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totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
wiwok rarok nok crrrok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 19 / 40
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totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
wiwok rarok nok crrrok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 19 / 40
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totat nnat forat arrat mat bat .
wiwok rarok nok crrrok hihok yorok clok .
ok-drubel anok ghirok farok . wiwok rarok nok zerok ghirok enemok .
ok-drubel ziplok stok vok erok enemok kantok ok-yurp zinok jok yorok clok .lalok clok izok vok ok-drubel .
ok-voon ororok sprok . ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
wiwok farok izok stok .lalok sprok izok jok stok .lalok brok anok plok nok .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 19 / 40
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Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 20 / 40
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Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...
…words are ambiguous
English: bank
French: banque French: rive
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 20 / 40
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Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...
…words have complex morphology
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 21 / 40
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Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...
…words have complex morphology
… fanden sie sie auf den Stufen unseres Hauses sitzend …
… they found her sitting on the steps of our house …
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 22 / 40
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Is this exercise realistic?forms of kataba (‘to write’) in Arabic
…words have complex morphology
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 23 / 40
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Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...
…words have complex morphology
Finnish: ostoskeskuksessa
ostos#keskus+N+Sg+Loc:in
shopping#center+N+Sg+Loc:in
English: ‘in the shopping center’
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 24 / 40
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Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...
…words may have non-standard orthography
dats why pluto is pluto it can neva b a star
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 25 / 40
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Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...
…word order matters
Jaime loves Casey
Casey loves Jaime
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 26 / 40
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Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...
…every word matters
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 27 / 40
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Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...
…every word matters
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 27 / 40
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Is this exercise realistic?In real natural language...
…sentences are longer.
One of Scotland’s leading cultural heritage groups will stage the Mary, Queen of Scots Festival, which is hoped to become a major new attraction for the area, which has lost the T in the Park music festival this
summer after 18 years.
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 28 / 40
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Is this exercise realistic?
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 29 / 40
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iat lat pippat eneat hilat oloat at-yurp .
ok-voon ororok sprok .
at-voon bichat dat .ok-drubel ok-voon anok plok sprok .
at-drubel at-voon pippat rrat dat .
erok sprok izok hihok ghirok .
totat dat arrat vat hilat . ok-voon anok drok brok jok .
at-voon krat pippat sat lat . wiwok farok izok stok .
totat jjat quat cat . lalok sprok izok jok stok .
wat dat krat quat cat .
lalok farok ororok lalok sprok izok enemok .
wat jjat bichat wat dat vat eneat . lalok brok anok plok nok .
iat lat pippat rrat nnat . wiwok nok izok kantok ok-yurp .
totat nnat quat oloat at-yurp . lalok mok nok yorok ghirok clok .
wat nnat gat mat bat hilat . lalok nok crrrok hihok yorok zanzanok .
wat nnat arrat mat zanzanat . lalok rarok nok izok hihok mok .
wat nnat forat arrat vat gat .
lalok brok anok ghirok enemok kantok ok-yurp .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 30 / 40
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the clients and the associates are enemies .
los clientes y los asociados son enemigos .the company has three groups .
la empresa tiene tres grupos .its groups are in Europe .
sus grupos estan en Europa .the modern groups sell strong pharmaceuticals .
los grupos modernos venden medicinas fuertes .the groups do not sell zanzanine .
los grupos no venden zanzanina .the small groups are not modern .
los grupos pequenos no son modernos .
Garcia and associates .
Garcia y asociados .Carlos Garcia has three associates .
Carlos Garcia tiene tres asociados .his associates are not strong .
sus asociados no son fuertes .Garcia has a company also .
Garcia tambien tiene una empresa .its clients are angry .
sus clientes estan enfadados .the associates are also angry .
los asociados tambien estan enfadados .
la empresa tiene enemigos fuertes en Europa .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 31 / 40
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the clients and the associates are enemies .
los clientes y los asociados son enemigos .the company has three groups .
la empresa tiene tres grupos .its groups are in Europe .
sus grupos estan en Europa .the modern groups sell strong pharmaceuticals .
los grupos modernos venden medicinas fuertes .the groups do not sell zanzanine .
los grupos no venden zanzanina .the small groups are not modern .
los grupos pequenos no son modernos .
Garcia and associates .
Garcia y asociados .Carlos Garcia has three associates .
Carlos Garcia tiene tres asociados .his associates are not strong .
sus asociados no son fuertes .Garcia has a company also .
Garcia tambien tiene una empresa .its clients are angry .
sus clientes estan enfadados .the associates are also angry .
los asociados tambien estan enfadados .
la empresa tiene enemigos fuertes en Europa .
the company has strong enemies in Europe .
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 32 / 40
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Goals of this Course
at the end of this course, you will:
understand the linguistic and computational challenges of MT
know how MT is formalized as a machine learning problem
have experience reading, using and modifying an MT implementation
understand state-of-the-art approaches to MT and their limitations
our focus:
sequence-to-sequence models with deep learning→ applications beyond MT
probabilistic models of language
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 33 / 40
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“Probabilistic models of language”This course is about implementing…
…probabilistic models…
…of language
for ej, logprob, fi, fj in alignments[ei]: if bitmap(range(fi,fj)) & v == 0: new_v = bitmap(range(fi,fj)) | v if new_v in chart[ej]: chart[ej][new_v] = logadd10(chart[ej][new_v], sums[v]+logprob) else: chart[ej][new_v] = sums[v]+logprob
L(✓|D) = p✓(D|✓) =
NY
n=1
p✓(f(n),a(n)|e(n)) =
NY
n=1
p(I(n)|J (n))
I(n)Y
i=1
p(a(n)i |J (n)) · p(f
(n)i |e(n)
ai)
Ngaragana-nguja grog-PROP.IV.ACC
ngiy-a3.SG.NM.A-PST
gujinganjanga-ni morther.II.ERG
jiyawugive
ngabulu milk.IV.ACC
`(His) mother gave (him) milk with grog in it.’ [wmb]
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 34 / 40
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“Probabilistic models of language”
Very few people are experts in computer science, mathematics, and linguistics, and I guarantee you will encounter something you don’t know. But if you are
unwilling to engage with all of these topics,
DO NOT TAKE THIS COURSE
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 35 / 40
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“Probabilistic models of language”
To future students: There is no way that you should take this course. The reason why is that you need to be competent in linguistics, mathematics and Python programming to do well in the coursework. The lecturer neglected to mention that he expected people to have those skills, but it was clear from the assignments. You will get no help, as there are no tutorials, there is only a forum where you can ask questions, but when a student asked for help because they did not understand the material, the lecturer was not willing to make any changes.
— 2015 course review from someone who didn’t listen to the advice on the previous slide.
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 36 / 40
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“Probabilistic models of language”
Need more help
I would like to write on behalf of a group of people who are finding this assignment impossible.
If you want answers to questions you must be specific. This is not specific (nor is it a question):
The teaching team is willing to answer questions on piazza. You will get more out of this if you also
answer questions.
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 37 / 40
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Requirements
pre-requisitesIt is RECOMMENDED that students have passed
Advanced Natural Language Processing (INFR11059) OR
Accelerated Natural Language Processing (INFR11125) OR
Foundations of Natural Language Processing (INFR09028)
if you have no NLP background, you’ll have a bad time
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 38 / 40
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Requirements
other requirementsStudents are expected to understand the following topics, or be prepared to learnthem independently:
Discrete mathematics: analysis of algorithms, dynamic programming, basicgraph algorithms, finite and pushdown automata.
Other essential maths: basic probability theory; basic calculus and linearalgebra; ability to read and manipulate mathematical notation includingsums, products, log, and exp.
Programming: ability to read and modify python programs; ability to designand implement a function based on high-level description such aspseudocode or a precise mathematical statement of what the functioncomputes.
Linguistics: willingness to learn basic elements of linguistic description; noformal linguistics background required.
warning: you will need these skills to pass the coursework and examR. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 39 / 40
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Still Interested?
course overview≈ 15 lectures, Monday and Thursday 4-5pm
course work, due in week 8 (March 15, 3pm) – 30% of final grade
written exam – 70% of final grade
tasks until Thursdaysign up for piazza
review the course syllabus
review Koehn, 13.2-3
R. Sennrich MT – 2018 – 01 40 / 40