MACHINE TOOL S.docx

7/25/2019 MACHINE TOOL S.docx

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DIAGRAM OF LATHE MACHINE

Explanation of the standard components of most lathes:

Bed:Usually made of cast iron. Provides a heavy rigid frame on which all the

main components are mounted. Ways: Inner and outer guide rails that are precision machined parallel to assure

accuracy of movement.

Headstock:mounted in a fixed position on the inner ways, usually at the left

end. Using a chuck, it rotates the work.

Gearbox:inside the headstock, providing multiple speeds with a geometric


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ratio by moving levers.

!"#d$e:ole through the headstock to which bar stock can be fed, which

allows shafts that are up to ! times the length between lathe centers to be worked

on one end at a time.C%&ck:"#$aw %self centering& or '#$aw %independent& to clamp part being

machined.

C%&ck:allows the mounting of difficult workpieces that are not round, s(uare

or triangular.

Ta"$stock:)its on the inner ways of the bed and can slide towards any position

the headstock to fit the length of the work piece. *n optional taper turning

attachment would be mounted to it.

Ta"$stock '&"$$: as a +orse taper to hold a lathe center, drill bit or other tool. Carr"a(e:+oves on the outer ways. Used for mounting and moving most the

cutting tools.

Cross $"de:+ounted on the traverse slide of the carriage, and uses a

handwheel to feed tools into the workpiece.

Too$ )ost:o mount tool holders in which the cutting bits are clamped.

Co*!od Rest:+ounted to the cross slide, it pivots around the tool post.

A!ro#:*ttached to the front of the carriage, it has the mechanism and controls

for moving the carriage and cross slide. Feed Rod:as a keyway, with two reversing pinion gears, either of which can

be meshed with the mating bevel gear to forward or reverse the carriage using a

clutch.

Lead cre+:)or cutting threads.

!$"t N&t: -hen closed around the lead screw, the carriage is driven along by

direct drive without using a clutch.

'&"ck C%a#(e Gearbox:ontrols the movement of the carriage using levers.

teady Rest:lamped to the lathe ways, it uses ad$ustable fingers to contact the

workpiece and align it. an be used in place of tailstock or in the middle tosupport long or unstable parts being machined.

Fo$$o+ Rest:/olted to the lathe carriage, it uses ad$ustable fingers to bear

against the workpiece opposite the cutting tool to prevent deflection.


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Tapex Brand Drilling And Tapping Machine Specifications Of All Sizes


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Lathe machine

. PRESENTATION ON LATHE MACHINE

PRINCIPLE OF LATHELathe is a machine, which is used to

remove metal from the
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workpiece to required shape and size.

3.COMPONENTS OF LATHE

4.TYPES OF LATHES Speed Lathe : It is the simplest type lathe. It

is mainly used for metal spinning, polishing etc.

Bench Lathe : It is small sized engine lathe mounted on bench. It is

used for turning small and light weight workpiece. Tool Room Lathe :

It is used for production of small tools, gauges, fixtures and accurate

parts in tool room.

5.Turret Lathe : These lathes are used in mass production and forheavy duty workpieces

. Capsten Lathe : These lathes are used in mass production used for

light duty workpieces. Special Purpose Lathe : These lathes are

modification of engine lathes developed for machining special types

of workpices.

6.Automatic Lathe Engine Lathe Tracer Lathe Computer

Controlled lathe Swiss Type Automatic Lathe Duplicating Lathe

COMPUTER NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED LATHEComputer

Numerical Controls (CNC)Equipped with one or more turretsEach

turret is equipped with a variety of toolsPerforms several operations

on different surfaces of the workpiece

8.TURRET LATHE Capable of performing multiple cutting operationson the same workpieceTurningBoringDrillingThread

cuttingFacing Turret lathes are very versatile Types of turret lathes

Ram-type: ram slides in a separate base on the saddleSaddle

type:more heavily constructedUsed to machine large

workpeiceces
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ENGINE LATHE

BENCH LATHE AUTOMATIC LATHE

11.PARTS OF LATHE Bed : Supports all major components

Carriage: Slides along the ways and consists of the cross-slide, tool

post, apron Headstock : Holds the jaws for the work piece, supplies

power to the jaws and has various drive speeds Tailstock : Supports

the other end of the workpiece Feed Rod and Lead Screw : Feed rod

is powered by a set of gears from the headstock

12.LATHE BED Heavy, rugged casting Made to support working

parts of lathe On topsection are machined ways Guide and align

major parts of lathe13.HEADSTOCKClamped on left-hand end of bedHeadstock

spindleHollow cylindrical shaft supported by bearingsProvides

drive through gears to work-holding devices

14.CARRIAGEUsed to move cutting tool along lathe bed

Consists of three main partsSaddleCross-slideApron

15.APRON

16.16 TAILSTOCK

17.ACCESSORIESChucks :Three jaw chuckFour jaw

chuckCollet chuckCentres:Live centreDead centre

Tipped centreBall centreMandrels :Plain mandrel

Stepped mandrelCollared mandrelScrewed mandrel

18.Chucks : Three Jaw Chuck (Self Centering Chuck) : This

chuck is used to hold circular workpiece and is available in sizes from

100mm to 600 mm.Four Jaw Chuck (Independent Chuck) : It is

used to hold rectangular, sqare and irregular shaped workpieces .ACCESSORIES

19.Collet Chuck :Pull poerating rodPush poerating rod It is

ideal for holding tube andthin walled workpieces.

20.Centres:Live CentreDead CentreBall CentrePipe

CentreHalf CentreTipped Centre
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Mandrels :Plain MandrelCollared MandrelScrewed Mnadrel

Stepped Mandrel

22.LATHE OPERATIONS

23.Turing Facing Boring Drilling Taper Camfering Grooving

Forming Reaming Undercutting Thread cutting Knurling LATHE

OPERATIONS

24.BORINGBoring produces circular internal profiles in hollow

workpiecesBoring mills are used for large workpiecesHoles

can be bored up to 20M if neededSee fig. 22.20Machines are

available with a variety of featuresHorizontal boring machines

Jig borers

25.TURNINGForces in turningCutting force: acts downward

on the tool tipThrust force: acts in the longitudinal direction

Radial force: acts in the radial directionRoughing and Finishing

CutsRough cut: high speed cut with little regard for dimensional

toleranceFinishing cut: lower feed rate and depth of cutTool

Materials, Feeds, and Cutting SpeedsCutting Fluids

CONCEPT OF SPEED, FEED AND DEPTH OF CUT

Cutting

speed=dn mm/min 1000Feed : It is expressed in mm/rev Depth of

cut : t=D-d mm 2

.SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL GEOMETRY Clearance Rake End

cutting edge angle Side cutting edge angle
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