M. S. Krause, PhD. BioWorks, Inc.wrir4.ucdavis.edu/events/2017_SLR_Meeting... · B.How these...
Transcript of M. S. Krause, PhD. BioWorks, Inc.wrir4.ucdavis.edu/events/2017_SLR_Meeting... · B.How these...
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ManagingPlantDiseaseswithTrichoderma- andGliocladium-Based
Biofungicides
M.S.Krause,PhD.BioWorks,Inc.
IR-4WesternRegionBiopesticide TrainingWorkshop26April,Ft.Collins,CO
I. Characteristics of Trichoderma & Gliocladiumproducts
II. Key Attributes of Commercial ProductsIII. Working with These ProductsIV. Questions and Discussion
Overview
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I. Characteristics of Trichoderma & GliocladiumproductsA. The active ingredientsB. How these products work (modes of action)C. Formulation TypesD. US EPA-Registered Examples
II. Key Attributes of Commercial ProductsIII. Working with These ProductsIV. Questions and Discussion
Overview
• Living microorganisms• Ascomycete Fungi in the family Hypocreales• Members of Trichoderma and Gliocladium:
– Colonize soil and plant debris: decompose organic matter and cycle nutrients
– Can produce tens to hundreds of metabolites: enzymes, chelators, competitive compounds, etc.
– May form beneficial plant associations– Some strains can suppress soilborne and foliar
diseases: strain-specific phenomenon (very rare) = biocontrol strains
ActiveIngredients
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• Inocula used in biofungicide products:– Conidia – WP, WDG, granules – most common– Blastoconidia – WP, WDG– Chamydospores – Granules, WP, WDG – minor
component– Mycelia – Granules – minor component
• Most biocontrol strains are epiphytes and soil colonizers; very few are endophytes
Characteristics
Biocontrol Strains act preventively via two or more of the following:• Antagonistic metabolites – enzymes and bioactive
compounds• Competition – niche and nutrient• Rhizosphere or phyllosphere competence• Predation / hyperparasitism• Induced host resistance – ISR or SARMOAs and levels and spectra of activity vary by strain
ModesofAction
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Performance depends strongly on formulation• Affects the handling, placement, compatibility, shelf
lives and (ultimately) efficacy of biofungicide strains• Have improved substantially over the past 20 years
– Solubility / mixability– Shelf life– Delivery– Consistency– Durability– Compatibility with standard equipment and other inputs
Formulations
Types of Formulations (cont’d)• Soluble Wettable Powders and Wettable Granules:
– Water-soluble inerts (not active ingredients,though)– Used for sprays, drenches, dips, or dry or aqueous
seed treatments• Granules:
– Soluble or wet-stable aggregates or coated particles
– Used for pre-plant incorporation into or top-dressing on soils, growing media, or artificial substrates
Formulations
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Types of Formulations (cont’d)• Insoluble Powders and Wettable Granules:
– Colloidal suspendible and non-suspendible inerts– Used in the past for sprays, drenches, dips, dry
seed treatments, or aqueous seed treatments• require decanting if used as sprays or drenches
– Used now for dry or aqueous seed, transplant, or vegetative cutting treatments
Formulations
Examples
Product Active Ingredient Strain(s)Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22
T. virens strain G-41
T. harzianum strain T-22
T. asperellum strain ICC 012T. gamsii strain ICC 080
T. asperellum strain T-34
T. harzianum strain T-22
ASPERELLOTM
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Examples
Product Active Ingredient Strain(s)Gliocladium catenulatum strain J1446
G. virens strain GL-21
I. Characteristics of Trichoderma & Gliocladiumproducts
II. Key Attributes of Commercial ProductsIII. Working with These ProductsIV. Questions and Discussion
Overview
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• Act preventively rather than “curatively”• May act immediately or after a short lag period• Effective alone under low-to-moderate disease
pressures when used as labeled / directed– Several products already used effectively by
commercial conventional, green-conventional, and organic growers – edible crops and ornamentals
– Concentration and application timing and method are extremely important
KeyAttributes
• Less dependent on moisture than bacterial strains to move but still require nutrients for growth in absence of pathogen
• Activity for 2-12 weeks, depending on the AI– Reapplication may still be needed to keep at effective
levels• No documented pathogen resistance to date• Tank-mix or rotationally compatible with many
conventional and biological pesticides
KeyAttributes
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• Can help prevent and overcome pesticide resistance in conventional IPM programs– Effective use can reduce conventional chemical
fungicides, extending their usable effective lives• Survival, activity and performance affected by
environmental, physical and chemical factors• Low REIs and PHIs• Still require PPE for application and during REI
(potential sensitizers)
KeyAttributes
• What they cannot do:– Provide curative or therapeutic disease control– Offer 100% protection– Work in environmental extremes– Work under high disease pressures– Last indefinitely or tolerate temperature swings in
storage– Make a bad grower good
KeyAttributes
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I. Characteristics of Trichoderma & Gliocladiumproducts
II. Key Attributes of Commercial ProductsIII. Working with These Products
A. Trialing: Preventive or integrated management vs. “curative” or therapeutic
B. Product ordering and handlingC. Appropriate applicationD. Manufacturer support: technical advice/resources
IV. Questions and Discussion
Overview
Think differently about trials than with : preventive or integrated disease management setup1. Artificial infestation:
a. Aim for low to moderate disease pressureb. Suitable for evaluating single biopesticides or
combination/rotation programsc. Prevent artifacts caused by pathogen growing medium
i. Avoid agar media and non-spent broth media or grains – these provide constant supplies of nutrients for secondary inocula that are inaccessible to biocontrol strains
ii. Potato soil, sand-meal, washed propagules, spent grain, and Millipore-type filter pathogen inocula are best
Trialing
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Think differently about trials than with : preventive or integrated disease management setup2. Natural infestation:
a. Evaluate pathogen levels or distribution prior to trial (when possible)
b. Low to moderate disease pressure – suitable for evaluating single biofungicides or combination/rotation programs
c. Moderate to high disease pressure – best for evaluating biofungicides used in combination or rotation with other fungicides (biological or chemical)
3. Keep an open mind
Trialing
• Contact manufacturer to order products when possible– Assures fresh product (lots of expired biologicals out
there)– Builds awareness and accountability with
manufacturer– Opens the door for
• Technical advice on best formulation to use, application rates, pitfalls, and other specifics not clarified on the label
• Feedback from you about application and performance of their products
OrderingandHandling
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• Order products at least 3 weeks before they are needed and have them delivered 2-3 weeks prior to use
• Document condition of package, batch/lot code, expiration date when received – snap and save photos of the package/container and all labels
• Read and follow storage, handling, disposal, and safety guidelines on the label and SDS
OrderingandHandling
• Apply preventive applications: – before infesting with pathogen (artificial infestation)– at seeding or transplant (low-moderate natural
infestation)– at manufacturer-recommended re-application
intervals• Apply combination or rotational applications:
– according to manufacturer compatibility information– according to manufacturer recommendations
AppropriateApplication
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• Choose the correct formulation, application method and equipment for the trial parameters
• “Calibrate, calibrate, calibrate” and ”coverage, coverage, coverage”
AppropriateApplication
• Do not hesitate to contact the manufacturers:– For product samples– For bioassay protocols, advice and ideas– To review specific trial protocols– For crop- and pathogen-specific recommendations
regarding application of their products (within label requirements)
– For compatibility information and equipment recommendations
– To provide feedback or report issues
ManufacturerSupport
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I. Characteristics of Trichoderma & Gliocladiumproducts
II. Key Attributes of Commercial ProductsIII. Working with These ProductsIV. Questions and Discussion
Overview
For more information:
Matthew S. Krause, PhDProduct Development Manager