M. pinto n8848489 project 1_presentation
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GROUNDWATER PATHWAYS FOR CONTAMINANT TRANSPORT FROM AGRICULTURAL AREAS TO THE GREAT BARRIER REEF M. PINTO I JUNE 2016
CURRENT ISSUE
IMPACTS OF EXCESS NUTRIENT INPUT TO THE GBR – ECOSYSTEM LOSS
Reduction in coral growth
Shift in the relative abundance and
composition of corals Degradation of
estuarine watersShift in the relative
abundance and composition of algae
Eutrophication Increase in the global nutrient cycling
Modifications in the community structure
Promote the growth of undesirable species of
macroalgae
Impairment of photosynthetic activity
Growth of Cyanobacterium:
Lyngbya majuscule
IMPACTS OF EXCESS NUTRIENT INPUT TO THE GBR
Society Aesthetic conditions Economic valueGBR’s inshore marine environment “poor”
• Cape York poor • Wet Tropics poor • Mackay Whitsundays poor • Fitzroy and Burnett Mary poor • Burdekin moderate
BIOCHEMICAL PROCESSES OF GROUNDWATER TRANSPORTATION – SOIL PROFILE
Quantity + speed of groundwater • permeability • Porosity
Soil profile • zoot zone • soil moisture zone • intermediate zone • capillary zone water table • saturated zone/groundwater zone
It is important to understand the soil profile in which nitrate and prosperous are transported. The quantity and speed of groundwater flow is highly dependent on the permeability and the porosity of the soil. Typically, the soil profile in which groundwater travels consists of zoot zone soil moisture zone intermediate zone capillary zone water table saturated
zone/groundwater zone.
Soil Profile
Conceptualised illustration of all biochemical processes involved in Nitrogen and Phosphorus flows from
agricultural areas to the Reef
NUMERICAL MODELS FOR THE DETECTION OF CONTAMINATED GROUNDWATER
Areas of Numerical
Model Developmen
t
Mulgrave River Basin
Johnstone River Basin
Tully-Marray River Basin
Lower Burdekin
Lower Herbert River Basin
POLLUTANT MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGIES
Reduce herbicide quantities Dilute N and P concentrations Implement of monitoring wells Execution of monitoring programs Identification of existing boundaries
contaminated plumes Cleaning of groundwater pollution Adhering groundwater development to the
quality protection Development numerical models to detect
groundwater contaminated sites
CURRENT AND FUTURE PROJECTS
Reef Extension program
Farm Management Systems
Mackay Whitsundays Sustainable Landscapes program
Rural Water Use Efficiency (RWUE) initiative
Community-based water quality monitoring through
‘Waterwatch’
‘Fertcare’ program
‘Six Easy Steps’ for pesticide control in sugarcane
AgForward program
GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATIONS NEAR BARRATTA CREEK NORTHCOTE
Aim: to determine the likelihood and quantity of contaminated groundwater discharge in to the Great Barrier Reef
Location: Barratta Creek at Northcote Data sampling no.1
• Four bores: RN 11910204, RN 11911173, RN 11911174 and RN 11911175• Sampling period: May 2012-April 2013
Data sampling no. 2• Outputs generated by the gauging station no. 119101A • Sampling period: February 1977 to December 2015
BORES AND ITS CORRESPONDING NUMBERS INSTALLED NEAR BARRATTA CREEK AT NORTHCOTE
FINDINGS FROM GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATIONS - RAINFALL
High degree of hydraulic connectivity RN 11911173 water height in the bore mirrors the river height Intense rainfall events;
• March 2011• July 2012-August 2012 • January-February 2013
FINDINGS FROM GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATIONS – NITRATE+NITRITE AND PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATIONS
Data sampling no.1• Increase in N levels RN11911173, RN11911174 and RN1191117 intense rainfall events • Low phosphate concentrations RN11911173 • Precipitation of phosphate onto soil • Fe (II) is oxidised to Fe (III), as iron (III)
CONCENTRATIONS OF NITRATE+NITRITE AS N SOLUBLE PRESENT IN ALL BORES LOCATED NEAR BARRATTA CREEK AT NORTHCOTE
5/4/201
2
5/24/20
12
6/13/2
012
7/3/20
12
7/23/20
12
8/12/2
012
9/1/20
12
9/21/2
012
10/11/2
012
10/31
/2012
11/20/2
012
12/10/2
012
12/30/2
012
1/19/2
013
2/8/201
3
2/28/20
13
3/20/2
013
4/9/20
130.0000
0.1000
0.2000
Concentrations of nitrate+nitrite as N soluble present in bore RN11911173
Date
Mill
igra
ms/
Litre
5/4/20
12
5/24/2
012
6/13/20
12
7/3/201
2
7/23/2
012
8/12/20
12
9/1/201
2
9/21/20
12
10/11
/2012
10/31/2
012
11/20/2
012
12/10
/2012
12/30/2
012
1/19/2
013
2/8/20
13
2/28/2
013
3/20/20
13
4/9/201
30.0000
0.0040
0.0080
Concentrations of nitrate+nitrite as N soluble present in bore RN11911174
Date
Mill
igra
ms/
Litre
5/4/20
12
5/24/2
012
6/13/20
12
7/3/20
12
7/23/2
012
8/12/2
012
9/1/20
12
9/21/2
012
10/11
/2012
10/31/2
012
11/20
/2012
12/10
/2012
12/30/2
012
1/19/20
13
2/8/20
13
2/28/2
013
3/20/20
13
4/9/201
30.00000.04000.0800
Concentrations of nitrate+nitrite as N soluble present in bore RN11911175
Date
Mill
igra
ms/
Litre
6/7/20
12
6/25/2
012
7/13/20
12
7/31/2
012
8/18/2
012
9/5/20
12
9/23/20
12
10/11/2
012
10/29
/2012
11/16
/2012
12/4/20
12
12/22/2
012
1/9/201
3
1/27/2
013
2/14/20
13
3/4/20
13
3/22/20
13
4/9/20
130.00000.40000.80001.2000
Concentrations of nitrate+nitrite as N soluble present in 11910204
DateM
illig
ram
s/Li
tre
CONCENTRATIONS OF TOTAL REACT P (ORTHO P) - SOLUBLE (FLDF) PRESENT IN ALL BORES LOCATED NEAR BARRATTA CREEK AT NORTHCOTE
5/4/201
2
5/25/20
12
6/15/2
012
7/6/20
12
7/27/2
012
8/17/2
012
9/7/20
12
9/28/20
12
10/19/2
012
11/9/
2012
11/30
/2012
12/21/2
012
1/11/2
013
2/1/20
13
2/22/20
13
3/15/20
13
4/5/201
30.0000
0.1000
0.2000
Concentrations of Total React P (Ortho P) - soluble (FldF) present in bore RN11911173
Date
Mill
igra
ms/
Litre
5/4/201
2
5/25/2
012
6/15/20
12
7/6/20
12
7/27/20
12
8/17/20
12
9/7/201
2
9/28/20
12
10/19
/2012
11/9/
2012
11/30/2
012
12/21
/2012
1/11/20
13
2/1/20
13
2/22/2
013
3/15/20
13
4/5/201
30.00000.05000.10000.1500
Concentrations of Total React P (Ortho P) - soluble (FldF) present in bore RN11911174
Date
Mill
igra
ms/
Litre
5/4/201
2
5/25/20
12
6/15/20
12
7/6/201
2
7/27/2
012
8/17/20
12
9/7/20
12
9/28/20
12
10/19/2
012
11/9/20
12
11/30/2
012
12/21
/2012
1/11/2
013
2/1/20
13
2/22/20
13
3/15/20
13
4/5/20
130.00000.04000.08000.1200
Concentrations of Total React P (Ortho P) - soluble (FldF) present in bore RN11911175
Date
Mill
igra
ms/
Litre
6/7/201
2
6/26/2
012
7/15/2
012
8/3/201
2
8/22/20
12
9/10/2
012
9/29/2
012
10/18/2
012
11/6/
2012
11/25/2
012
12/14/2
012
1/2/201
3
1/21/20
13
2/9/201
3
2/28/20
13
3/19/2
013
4/7/201
30.00000.01000.02000.0300
Concentrations of Total React P (Ortho P) - soluble (FldF) present in bore RN11910204
DateM
illig
ram
s/Li
tre
FINDINGS FROM GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATIONS – NITRATE+NITRITE AND PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATIONS Data sampling no.2• Increase in N and P concentrations throughout the years• Reason 1: Denitrification may be inexistent in groundwater near
Barratta Creek • Reason 2: Quantity of nitrate used by farmers on crops have
increased throughout the years
INCREASING TREND IN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF NITRATE, TOTAL NITROGEN, ORGANIC NITROGEN AND NITRITE IN BARRATTA CREEK AT NORTHCOTE STATION 119101A
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14Nitrate as NO3(mg/L)
Total Nitrogen (mg/L)
Organic Nitrogen (mg/L)
Nitrate+nitrite as N soluble (FieldFilt)
Date
Mill
igra
ms/
Litre
INCREASING TREND IN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF TOTAL PHOSPHORUS AND TOTAL REACT P (ORTHO P) - SOLUBLE (FLDF) BARRATTA CREEK AT NORTHCOTE STATION 119101A
9/6/19
96
4/6/19
97
11/6/
1997
6/6/19
98
1/6/19
99
8/6/19
99
3/6/20
00
10/6/
2000
5/6/20
01
12/6/
2001
7/6/20
02
2/6/20
03
9/6/20
03
4/6/20
04
11/6/
2004
6/6/20
05
1/6/20
06
8/6/20
06
3/6/20
07
10/6/
2007
5/6/20
08
12/6/
2008
7/6/20
09
2/6/20
10
9/6/20
10
4/6/20
11
11/6/
2011
6/6/20
12
1/6/20
13
8/6/20
13
3/6/20
14
10/6/
2014
5/6/20
15
12/6/
2015
00.020.040.060.080.1
0.120.140.160.180.2
Total Phosphorus as P (mg/L)
Total React P (Ortho P) - soluble (FldF)
Date
Nillig
ram
s/Litr
e
COMPARISON OF N AND P CONCENTRATIONS AGAINST AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND TRIGGER VALUES FOR TOXICANTS AND THE QUEENSLAND WATER QUALITY GUIDELINES (QWQGS) Nitrogen concentrations
• Median concentration RN11919204 exceeds QWQGs• 95th percentile RN11919204 exceeds ANZECC
Phosphorus concentrations •Median concentrations RN 11911173 and RN 11911174 exceeds QWQGs
Gauge station 119191A N and P concentrations • Median concentrations exceeds QWQGs• 95th percentile nitrogen concentrations exceeds ANZECC
COMPARISON OF N AND P CONCENTRATIONS AGAINST AUSTRALIAN AND NEW ZEALAND TRIGGER VALUES FOR TOXICANTS AND THE QUEENSLAND WATER QUALITY GUIDELINES (QWQGS)
May 2012 - April 2013 Gauge Station 119101A (1977-2015) May 2012 - April 2013 Gauge Station 119101A
(1977-2015)Range 0.0010-1.2700 0.0010-0.0330Median 1.1050 0.014095th percentile 1.2570 0.0310Range 0.0010-0.0830 0.0120-0.1270Median 0.0030 0.042095th percentile 0.0445 0.1270Range 0.0030-0.0090 0.0880-0.1360Median 0.0030 0.117095th percentile 0.0063 0.1320Range 0.0030-0.2000 0.0010-0.1920Median 0.0030 0.001095th percentile 0.0895 0.0680
Phosphate phosphorus as P (mg/L)0.02
Range = 0.033-0.1722Median = 0.083
95th Percentile = 0.14
RN 11911175
RN 11911174
RN 11911173
ANZECC and ARMCANZ (2000) 0.2**
RN 11910204
Range = 0.003-2.7Median= 0.1514
95th Perentile = 1.3
Nitrate+nitrite as N soluble (mg/L)QWQG 0.06
FINDINGS FROM GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATIONS – AMMONIUM CONCENTRATIONS
Bores closest to the creek reduction in N and P concentrations increase in ammonium
11911173 11911174 11911175 119102040
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
Mean ammonium-N, nitrate+nitrite and phosphate-P concentrations in bore located near Barratta Creek at Northcote
Ammonia as NNitriate + NitritePhosphate as P
Bore Number
Mea
n co
ncen
tratio
n (m
illig
ram
s/lit
re)
5/4/20
12
5/22/2
012
6/9/20
12
6/27/2
012
7/15/2
012
8/2/20
12
8/20/2
012
9/7/20
12
9/25/2
012
10/13
/2012
10/31
/2012
11/18
/2012
12/6/2
012
12/24
/2012
1/11/2
013
1/29/2
013
2/16/2
013
3/6/20
13
3/24/2
013
4/11/2
013
0
1
Concentrations of Ammonia present in the water analysis for bore
RN11911173
Date
Mill
igra
ms/
Litre
5/4/20
12
5/25/2
012
6/15/2
012
7/6/20
12
7/27/2
012
8/17/2
012
9/7/20
12
9/28/2
012
10/19
/2012
11/9/2
012
11/30
/2012
12/21
/2012
1/11/2
013
2/1/20
13
2/22/2
013
3/15/2
013
4/5/20
130
0.1
Concentrations of Ammonia present in the water analysis for bore
RN11911174
Date
Mill
igra
ms/
Litre
6/7/20
12
6/23/2
012
7/9/20
12
7/25/2
012
8/10/2
012
8/26/2
012
9/11/2
012
9/27/2
012
10/13
/2012
10/29
/2012
11/14
/2012
11/30
/2012
12/16
/2012
1/1/20
13
1/17/2
013
2/2/20
13
2/18/2
013
3/6/20
13
3/22/2
013
4/7/20
130
0.40.81.2
Concentrations of Ammonia present in the water analysis for bore
RN11910204
Date
Mill
igra
ms/
Litre
5/4/20
12
5/25/2
012
6/15/2
012
7/6/20
12
7/27/2
012
8/17/2
012
9/7/20
12
9/28/2
012
10/19
/2012
11/9/2
012
11/30
/2012
12/21
/2012
1/11/2
013
2/1/20
13
2/22/2
013
3/15/2
013
4/5/20
13
4/26/2
013
00.10.2
Concentrations of Ammonia present in the water analysis for bore
RN11911175
Date
Mill
igra
ms/
Litre
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA PRESENT IN ALL BORES LOCATED NEAR BARRATTA CREEK AT NORTHCOTE
CONCENTRATIONS OF AMMONIA PRESENT IN BARRATTA CREEK AT NORTHCOTE STATION 119101A
9/6/19
96
2/6/19
97
7/6/19
97
12/6/1
997
5/6/19
98
10/6/1
998
3/6/19
99
8/6/19
99
1/6/20
00
6/6/20
00
11/6/2
000
4/6/20
01
9/6/20
01
2/6/20
02
7/6/20
02
12/6/2
002
5/6/20
03
10/6/2
003
3/6/20
04
8/6/20
04
1/6/20
05
6/6/20
05
11/6/2
005
4/6/20
06
9/6/20
06
2/6/20
07
7/6/20
07
12/6/2
007
5/6/20
08
10/6/2
008
3/6/20
09
8/6/20
09
1/6/20
10
6/6/20
10
11/6/2
010
4/6/20
11
9/6/20
11
2/6/20
12
7/6/20
12
12/6/2
012
5/6/20
13
10/6/2
013
3/6/20
14
8/6/20
14
1/6/20
15
6/6/20
15
11/6/2
015
0
0.05
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
Date
Mill
igra
ms/
Litre
FINDINGS FROM GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATIONS – AMMONIUM CONCENTRATIONS
Elevated ammonium concentrations, Justification 1
• Result of dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA)
• High carbon to nitrate+nitrite concentration
• transformation of nitrate-N to ammonium-N
11911173 11911174 11911175 119102040
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
Mean nitrate+nitrite and DOC concentrations in bore located near Barratta Creek at Northcote
Bore Number
Mea
n co
ncen
tratio
n (M
illig
ram
s/lit
re)
FINDINGS FROM GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATIONS – AMMONIUM CONCENTRATIONS
Elevated ammonium concentrations, Justification 2• Decomposition of organic material by removing nitrate nitrogen gas ammonium
FINDINGS FROM GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATIONS – DISSOLVED OXYGEN CARBON (DOC)
Riparian zone dense stands of permanent + deep rooted vegetation higher concentrations of DOC
Increase DOC remove nitrate from groundwater DOC concentrations above 2 mg/L electrons for denitrification Depletion of nitrate from groundwater shallow aquifers that of 5 to 8 m of
groundwater flow
FINDINGS FROM GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATIONS – DISSOLVED OXYGEN CARBON (DOC)
Increase in DOC concentrations• RN11911173
• RN11911174 Rainfall event January/February 2013
• RN11911175
Low and steady concentrations • RN11910204
• average DOC 0.5 mg/L
DOC concentrations are lower that 2mg/L• DOC increase due to rainfall
• Denitrification inexistent
CONCENTRATIONS OF DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON PRESENT IN ALL FOUR BORES LOCATED NEAR BARRATTA CREEK AT NORTHCOTE
6/7/20
12
6/30/2
012
7/23/2
012
8/15/2
012
9/7/20
12
9/30/2
012
10/23
/2012
11/15
/2012
12/8/2
012
12/31
/2012
1/23/2
013
2/15/2
013
3/10/2
013
4/2/20
130.00002.00004.0000
Concentrations of Dissolved Organic Carbon present in bore RN11911173
Date
Mill
igra
ms/
Litre
6/7/20
12
6/30/2
012
7/23/2
012
8/15/2
012
9/7/20
12
9/30/2
012
10/23
/2012
11/15
/2012
12/8/2
012
12/31
/2012
1/23/2
013
2/15/2
013
3/10/2
013
4/2/20
130.00004.00008.0000
Concentrations of Dissolved Organic Carbon present bore RN11911175
Date
Mill
igra
ms/
Litre
6/7/20
12
6/30/2
012
7/23/2
012
8/15/2
012
9/7/20
12
9/30/2
012
10/23
/2012
11/15
/2012
12/8/2
012
12/31
/2012
1/23/2
013
2/15/2
013
3/10/2
013
4/2/20
130.00001.00002.00003.0000
Concentrations of Dissolved Organic Carbon present in bore RN11911174
Date
Mill
igra
ms/
Litre
6/7/20
12
6/30/2
012
7/23/2
012
8/15/2
012
9/7/20
12
9/30/2
012
10/23
/2012
11/15
/2012
12/8/2
012
12/31
/2012
1/23/2
013
2/15/2
013
3/10/2
013
4/2/20
130.00000.20000.40000.6000
Concentrations of Dissolved Organic Carbon present in bore RN11910204
DateM
illig
ram
s/Li
tre
FINDINGS FROM GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATIONS – SPECIFIC CONDUCTIVITY
Highly variable conductivity levels Assumption each bore draws from different aquifers RN 1191173 closest to the creek significant specific conductivity (SC) variations SC of samples had a reduction in variations during rainfall events
Figure 39: Specific conductivity measured in bores at Barratta Creek (Vardy, et al., 2015)
FINDINGS FROM GROUNDWATER INVESTIGATIONS – SPECIFIC CONDUCTIVITY
Increasing conductivity measurements in the Barratta Creek at Northcote gauging station 119191A
4/29/1
983
1/29/1
984
10/29
/1984
8/1/19
85
5/1/19
86
2/1/19
87
11/1/1
987
8/1/19
88
5/1/19
89
2/1/19
90
11/1/1
990
8/1/19
91
5/1/19
92
2/1/19
93
11/1/1
993
8/1/19
94
5/1/19
95
2/1/19
96
11/1/1
996
8/1/19
97
5/1/19
98
2/1/19
99
11/1/1
999
8/1/20
00
5/1/20
01
2/1/20
02
11/1/2
002
8/1/20
03
5/1/20
04
2/1/20
05
11/1/2
005
8/1/20
06
5/1/20
07
2/1/20
08
11/1/2
008
8/1/20
09
5/1/20
10
2/1/20
11
11/1/2
011
8/1/20
12
5/1/20
13
2/1/20
14
11/1/2
014
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Conductivity (at 25C FLD) measurements in Barratta Creek at Northcote Station 119101A
Date
μS/c
m
UNCERTAINTIES AND LIMITATIONS – KNOWLEDGE GAPS
UNCERTAINTIES AND LIMITATIONS – KNOWLEDGE GAPS
UNCERTAINTIES AND LIMITATIONS – KNOWLEDGE GAPS
UNCERTAINTIES AND LIMITATIONS – DATA GAPS
UNCERTAINTIES AND LIMITATIONS – DATA GAPS