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M o b i l i t y

INF-5261

26 January 2005, 14:15 – 16:00

jo.herstad@ifi.uio.no

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Overview

• Perspectives

• Past – present – future

• Mobility – terminology - concepts

• Conditions for the possibility of mobility

• Projects

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The questions!

• What is mobile?

• What is not mobile?

human

situationtechnology

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Relations – relational or observer – observed

trains

Observation tower

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The past – the present – the future

• The past is history. The future is a mystery. Now is a gift. That is why it is called the present

now futurepast

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Inventions and standards in Norway

1876 19081835 1960

Rogaland Radio HF

1981

NMT-450

NMT-900

1993

GSM in Norway

Telegraph - Morse

Telephone - Bell

Optic Telegraph

Ship to shore radio communicaiton

3. gen. wireless

2004

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Mobility - terminology

• Mobility

– Person mobility

– Session mobility

– Terminal mobility

– Component mobility

– Services mobility

– Multimedia mobility

– Micromobility

– User mobility

• Wireless technology affords mobility

• Personal terminals affords mobility

• Internet affords mobility

person

service session terminal

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Personal mobility

• The ability of a user to access services from any terminal and any location, (including invitations to join sessions). This ability may be restricted due to contract agreements between the Consumer and Retailer, and due to user system capabilities.

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Terminal mobility

• The ability of a terminal to change physical location. This includes terminals which can continue to support services while moving, and those that cannot.

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Session mobility

• The capability to suspend a session and resume it on a different location and or terminal.

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Viewpoints – point of view

• Micro mobility• Discrete mobility (for example DECT,

Hotspots)• Continous mobility (for example GSM)• Local mobilty• Global mobility• Component mobility• And....what concepts are needed?

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Modes of mobility

• Wandering, visiting, traveling– Ref: Ljungberg and Kristoffersen

• Vagabond– Ref: Øystein Olsen, hovedfagsoppgave 1999.

• By means of ”transportation” technology - footwear, bicycles, automobiles, buses, ++

• John Urry – societies

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The vagabond

Wherever I may roam (Metallica)...and the road becomes my bride I have stripped of all but pride

so in her I do confide and she keeps me satisfied gives me all I need ...and with dust in throat I crave only knowledge will I save to the game you stay a slave rover wanderer nomad vagabond call me what you will but I'll take my time anywhere free to speak my mind anywhere and I'll redefine anywhere anywhere I may roam where I lay my head is home ...and the earth becomes my throne I adapt to the unknown under wandering stars I've grown by myself but not alone I ask no one ...and my ties are severed clean the less I have the more I gain off the beaten path I reign rover wanderer nomad vagabond call me what you will but I'll take my time anywhere I'm free to speak my mind anywhere and I'll never mind anywhere anywhere I may roam where I lay my head is home but i'll take my time anywhere free to speak my mind and I'll take my find anywhere anywhere I may roam where I lay my head is home carved upon my stone my body lie, but still I roam wherever I may roam

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The conditions for the possibility of mobility

• Space as the condition for the possibility of mobility.

• Wireless technologies as the condition for the possiblity of mobility.

• Miniaturisation as the condition for the possibility of mobility.

Investigations of these conditions

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Space as the condition for the possiblity of mobility

• What is space? What is a place?• Cartesian space.• Subjective space.• Experienced place.• People in places.• Tecnology and places space• Use in place.• Body as a place.• Body and equipent in places.

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Locations – example from KnowMobile

RHuniversity

clinic

localhospital 1

localhospital 2

localhospital 8

USuniversity

clinic

USuniversity

clinic

generalpractice 1

generalpractice n

otherplace

home

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Indoor and outdoor places

• Indoor– Hospital– Local praxis– Home– Inside automobile– Corner– ---

• Outdoors– Roads– Pavements– Public places– Under a tree– …

I’m all over the place(ref: Belotti & Bly)

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Personal sense regions in places

Taste regionOdeour regionTangible things region Sound regionVisible form region

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Use in context

TeleconversationsNatural conversationFace to faceCopresence

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Wireless technology as the condition for the possibility of mobility

• What is wire-less?– Snorløs– Trådløs

• What is the wire?

• Relational technology.

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Wireless networks in places

personroomregioncountryworld

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Wireless local network – examples

a tooth

• IEEE 802.11– wireless LAN

• Blutetooth– 2.4 GHz open

– small size

– low effect, < 0.1 watt

– voice and data

– 1 Mbps robust transfer rate

– coverage 10 meter (100 meter)

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Miniaturisation as the contition for the possibilty

• The computer.

• The radio.

• The telephone.

• The stereo.

• The camera.

• ..... are all getting smaller.

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Inside the terminal

Miniaturization• Processor• Memory• Battery• Input output units, nuts and bolts

Radio technology• Coverage• Utilization of specter• New specter• Compression

HCI - Human Computer Interaction for mobile and wearable devices

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Terminal

• A physical equipment which a user operates to interact with a network or other users. This terminal may have signaling capability (or capability to handle messages related to an object-oriented interface) to perform service procedures. This terminal may have capability of control bearers to connect/disconnect bearer connections.

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Multiple terminals

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Heterogenity

@@

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Trend - convergence and diffusion

radio

telephone

computer

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Convergence or collision

Media

Telecom

Computer

WAPSymbianBluetooth

WAPSymbianBluetooth

CollisionCollisionConvergenceConvergence

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Value networks – a way to sort things out

access and promotion

infrastructure

services and applications

Ref: Stabell and Fjelstad

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Mobility - communication and information

student

patient

teacher

student

local doctor

PC

PDA

mobile

network 1 network n

inputoutput

inputoutput

inputoutput

“other”

“other”inputoutput

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Summing up

• Mobility as a ”relational science”.• Mobility – ”past, present, future”.• Space as the condition for the possiblity

of mobility.• Wireless technology as the condition for

the possiblity of mobility.• Miniaturisation as the condition for the

possiblity of mobility.

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Projects

Two conditions are to be met in order to succeed.

1. First start.2. Then continue.

Deliverables:a. Project plan, WonderDoc date::b. Status report, date::c. Final report, date::

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Projects

Group size: 3 – 7Project plan – requirements: The “what,

when, who, how, which, where” of the project. (1 - 2 pages)

Status report – describe the status of the project (5-15 pages)

Final report – report basis for presentation (10 – 30 pages)

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Projects

The phenomena to be investigated and described:

- Mobile people, users.- Mobile technologies.- Situations, contexts, environements.Combination of:- Theoretical description and analysis- Empirical description and analysis- Synthesis or construction- Writing, dissemination

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According to Nygaard science is about…

• Observation. The empirical study of phenomena: their identification, observed properties and behavior.

• Analysis. Comprehension and explanation of phenomena in terms of an underlying theory.

• Synthesis (or construction of technology). Knowledge organized for the purpose of designing, generating or modifying phenomena.

• Multiperspective reflection. The concurrent or alternating use of several perspectives in the consideration of phenomena - perspectives either from within the same science or drawn from more than one science. The study of how changes, introduced according to one viewpoint, affect properties of the phenomena when regarded from another viewpoint.

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Project groups

• Name:

• Establish ”peer groups”.

• Each group is a sparring partner for one other group; comments, advise, care, concern, inspiration etc. etc.

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Artikkelgjennomgang

Artikkelgjennomgang– Velge en artikkel.– Analysere den.– Presentere den. – Samtale om den.– Koble artikkelen mot en annen artikkel.– Bruk gjerne lysark, demonstrasjon etc.– Innlevering: NIL