Lynch - Truth in Context - Index

8/10/2019 Lynch - Truth in Context - Index

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-Dummetts , 126 127objections o, 6n2 60-61 , 193 194 seealso Ontological challenge o realism

Plato on, 124 126putative counterexamples o, abstract132138

putative counterexamples o,composite 138152 see lso Compositeobjects

revisionary definitions of, 18 118126127Abstract objects See lso

Abstract concrete istinctionarguments or, 4- 6, 29-32 (see lsoIndispensability arguments

characteristics f , 1, 37n5 77- 79120 124 124 127 129132

defined as nonspatiotemporal 1,120124

revisionarydefinitions of

,18

118126 127as sources f normativity 82, 114 115160

Acquaintance pistemology See lsoEmpiricism

inadequate or realism 23-24 , 25-26,36-39 , 58-59

unnecessary or realism 39- 41 58-59used by forms of realism 14- 18 23- 24

Allaire, Edwin B. , 181AnalyticityCarnap on, xx- xxi, 69-70 181 182Fregean otion of, xx- xxi, 69 18n5179 182 184 185186

LockeanKantian notion of , xxin6, 7,179180 185186

non-Fregean otion of , 93, 178179

185186Quine on, 70- 71 72n3 80 93, 181184Anselm 128Antirealism See lso Nominalism

Conceptualism .epistemic hallenge o, 63-65semantic hallenge o, 29-32

Apodicticity 47- 48A priori knowledgeanalyticity n explanations f, xx- xxi,

69 lSO l ~l , 198199linguisticism about 198199in philosophy xi- xv, xx, 177 179188-190 196200

rationalist characterization f , 23-24,36-41

and revisability 48-50 , 172 183synthetic xx, 177179 186188

Aristotle, 204 See lso ContemporaryAristotelianism

ArmstrongD . M., 130n7 134 170 173

Benacerraf Paul . See lsoEpistemological hallenge o realismSemantic hallenge o realismBenacerraf s indeterminacy

on the philosophy of mathematics xxx,26-27

Index

Abstract / concrete distinction ,

consequences of, 124- 126

, 1, 120124

and semantichallenge

o antirealism2932

as structuralist about arithmetic 85-86 ,105112

Berk Lon, 152n15Berkeley George 202Blanshard Brand xii


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Hale, Bob 49 , 126 132 133 137138175n33 198

Halle, Morris, xxviHardy, G. H., 134Heidegger Martin, 177Hempel Carl Gustav 69, 195Hilbert, David, xixnS 119Hume , David, 7, 69, 179 180 181 189

204205

Husserl Edmund 17 179 186

Field, Hartry 31epistemological iews of , 10- 11 25, 32,

116 172as fictionalist nominalist 1112as mathematical ominalist >OOcn9

10- 14 29nlFodor Jerry A., xxiv, 68Formal sciences 2nl , 79distinguished rom natural sciences58-59 , 111 173

and Occams razor 171 173

pure and applied , 2, 163166Foundational isciplines 5- 6, 118 120114 191192

of foundational disciplines 118120191193

independence f science 5- 6, 29- 31, 77,85-86n2 114 191193206 207

Frege Gottloband analyticity xx- xxi, 69, 18n5

179 182 184 185186

on the Caesar roblem 103 105context principle of, 130131 180intensionalism f , xxvi- xxviii, 18n5 93105 114 115 118179 184186 see lsoIntensionalism criticism of Fregean

and linguistic turn , xx- xxi, 177 178179 180 181182 184186

as mathematical ealist xxxiii, 2, 20177 179

as rationalist 177 179

on senses xxvi-xxviii, 18n5 105185 186

Indeterminacy rguments SeeSemanticchallenge o realism

Indispensability arguments 10- 11 50-51Intensionalism See lso SensesCarnap on, 90- 91criticism of Fregean xxvii- xxviii,77- 78n4 78n5 93, 105 114 115 156178 181183 184 185186

Fregean xxvii- xxviii, 78n5 93, 105114 115 178179 184186non-Fregean xxvii- xxviii, 78n5 93,114 115 156157 178 179 184186

Intuitionsof conceivability nd inconsistency 56- 58GOOel on, 15- 17 34and Kantian ntuitions , 44-45as source of basic knowledge 43- 46Wittgenstein s criticism of , 43-44

Isaacson Daniel 144Johnson Samuel 202

Kant , Immanuel . See also Analyticity ,Lockean -Kantian notion of

on a priori knowledge , 8, 179- 180 , 186

Index 221

God

in, 160162

and metaphysics 128 130131 147 148and skepticism 53, 55 203 204n4

GOdel Kurtepistemological iews of , 15- 17 26, 34,

116as mathematical ealist xxxi, xxxii, 1,20, 26, 119 192

Goldfarb Warren 152n15Goldman Alvin, 27Goodman Nelson 1, 3, 12 53, 76 189Gottlieb Dale 25, 32, 116Gregory R. L., 149150Grice H. P, 72n3 164

Gemes Ken 93Geometry demonstrationGeorge Alexander 2021Gibson Roger 89

conventionalist esponse 66, 69- 70Mill s response 65-66 , 69noncognitivist esponse 69- 71realisms ability to meet 77- 79 83Quine s response 66-67 , 68-69 , 71- 72Wittgenstein s response 75- 77, 77- 78n4

Epistemic hallenge o realismdependence n empiricism 25-26 , 27-28

rationalist solution to , 34- 61 passimEpistemology pure , 192 193Ewing A. C., xii, 46


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and Frege xx- xxi, 177 178 179 180181182 184186

and logical positivism 177 178 179 181and Quine and Wittgenstein 178181184

Locke John 204 See lso Analyticity,LockeanKantian notion of

Logical positivism See lsoAyer;Camap Schlick

on analyticity xx- xxi, 69-70 , 181182on a priori knowledge xiii- xiv, xx- xxi,69-70 180 181

criticism of traditional philosophyxiii- xiv, xx, 178 179181 188 191n2204205

in first phase of linguistic turn ,177178 179 181

Langendoen D. Terence 138n9Langford C. H. , xiiLatham Noah , 148n13Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm , xxxi, 24, 32,

204Levinson Jerrold 169n27Lewis David, 37- 38 , 143145Linguistics xiii- xivconceptualism n, xxv, 2, 8, 23- 24, 35,135 163n23

demonstration n, 162163nominalism n, xxiii- xxv, 3, 12 SO 135159n21 163n23

realism n, xxv- xxvi, xxviii, 2- 4,136138 162163

Linguistic turn , xiv- xv, xx- xxi, 177 184209210

222 Index

Kant, Immanuel cont. )criticism of empiricism )OOQ 7, 32criticism of traditional philosophy 7- 8on Hume , 7, 179180as mathematical onceptualist 7- 10 1620, 23

transcendental dealism of, 8-10 186187verificationism n, ~ 10

Kastin J., 103nl1Kaufmann Walter 13n6Kenny Anthony 181Kim, Jaegwon xxii, 81- 82Kitcher Philip, 49, 172Kivy, Peter 169n27Koslow Arnold , 188nlKnowledge See lso A priori knowledge

Skepticismof apodictic principles 47- 48basic transcendent 42- 43formal versus natural , 58- 59, 171 173foundational 192holistic character f , 46- 47 71- 72Internal / External193194as ustified true belief , 34

metaphysical 192193of necessary acts xxxi, 7, 32, 56-58, 63,187

observational theoretical distinction n,42- 43

philosophical 188204Kripke, Saul xxvii, 123n3 185 See lso

Semantic hallenge o realismKripke

s rule- following

Maddy, Penelope 17 19Malament David B ., xxxn9Marcus Ruth Barcan 32Martin, R. M., 108109Mathematicsconceptualism n, 8, 9n4 20, 23-24,

10911On14nominalism n , 3, 10- 14 10911On14 119realism n, xxviii, xxxi- xxxiii, 1- 4, 5- 6,20, 26, 77- 79, 10911On14

MtGinn , Colin, 21Mereology See CompositionMill, John Stuarton certainty 65-66 , 69, 71empiricism of, 65-66 , 69, 71 74and skepticism about necessity 56-57 ,

65Moore G. E., 82n8 143144 200 202Mysticismdistinguished rom mystery 33, 116whether rationalism nvolves 25, 32- 34 ,43, 116

Nagel Thomas xii, xiiin2, 189Nativism, 23- 24, 35Naturalism See lsoPhilosophy

naturalist conceptions fdisillusionment with, xxiii- xxviiiinseparability rom empiricism xxxi,32n3 68-69n2

ontological epistemological andmethodological xii

relation o materialism xiin1, 67


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Naturalized ealism 19-23Necessityand certainty 77- 79knowledge of, xxxi, 7, 32, 56-58 , 63 187

skepticism about , 32, 56-57 63 65, 75,182 184

sources f , 181182 184185Nishiyama Yuji, 20Nominalismfictionalist 11 14 29nllinguistic, xxxiii- )OOV 3, 12 SO 135159n21

mathematical 3, 10- 14 10911OnI4 119Noonan Harold, 126

Nozick, Robert xxix, 204n4

Objects categories f, 145abstract 1, 120 124composite 141143 145 147concrete 1, 124129homogeneous 121122 140 141heterogeneous 141 145nll

Occam s razor 170175Ontological challenge o realism

involves counterexamples oabstractconcrete istinction 117not usually viewed as challenge 117whether problem only for realism117118

putative counterexamp es abstract132138

putative counterexamples composite138152

Ontologyas foundational

disciplineof

foundational disciplines 118120191193

independence f science 5- 6, 192193

pure , 192193

(Pl.1), (Pl.2), (Pl.3), and (Pl.4 ), 142 Seealso Composite objects theory of

(P2, (P3 , (P4), (PS, (PS), (P6 , and (P7 ,145147 See lso

Composite objectstheory ofPap Arthur , xiiParsons Charles 44- 45Passmore John 179Peirce Charles Saunders 37n5 117 133

148Philosophy

Index 223

Quine, W. V.on analyticity 70-71 , 72n3 SO 93,

181184and a priori knowledge xv 48, 182 183and certainty 66-67 , 68-69 , 71- 72conception of philosophy as a posterioriscience xi- xii, xv, xxi- xxii, 178202203

criticism of Camap xxi, 70- 71 90,181 183207 209

a priori knowledge n, xi- xv, xx,177179 188 190 196200

as conceptual nalysis xii- xv, 111dialectic of, xix- xx, 5- 6, 85- 86n2

118 120 173174 193194 211as distinct from science 5- 6, 29- 31 , 77,85-86n2 174 191193206207

whether irst-order or second orderxiv- x

knowledge n, 188204naturalist conceptions f, xi- xii,xiv- xvi, 67- 68 , 111112 178 179184 185

progress n, xiii, xvi, 188189

as a posteriori science xi- xii, xv,xxi- xxii, 178 202203 (see lso Quine )as therapy xi, xv, xxii- xxiii, 75, 88, 182

(see lso Wittgensteintraditional conception f, xi- xiii,xvi- xvii, 178 179 184187 188 189(see lso Realistic ationalism

uniquely puzzling questions of, xvii,xxii, xxix

Plato 1, 2, 14- 15 124126 128204 See

also Classical PlatonismFormsPostal Paul M ., xxiv, 8n3 135 138n9Prichard H. A., 195196201Proofs 37- 41Propositions 34, 165as Fregean enses f sentence ypes 36,38-39 , 165

and necessarily alse statements 37- 38as Russellian earers f truth values36, 165

Putnam Hilary,

xxvii,

xxx,

116 153

185

198 See lso Semantic hallenge orealism Putnams Skolemite

on indispensability arguments 10- 1150-51

on revisability of a priori knowledge49-50


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224 Index

Quine, W. V. (cont.)criticism of Fregean ntensionalismxxviii, 93, 181182 185186

criticism of traditional philosophy xv,

182184and empiricism 6.5-67 6S69 , 71 74,182183

epistemic holism, 66 71, 72inconsistency f epistemology f, 71- 74,

191on indeterminacy seeSemanticchallenge o realism Quine sindeterminacy

and indispensability arguments 10- 11

50-51as inguistic nominalist xxiii- xxv, 3, 1280

and naturalism xi- xii, xv- xvi, xxi- xxii,59- 60 66, 68 111 178 184

naturalized Platonism 59-60and necessity 32, 63, 65, 184on onto logical gnorance 197 198on radical translation see Radical

Sartre Jean Paul xviiiSchlick Moritz, xx- xxi, 178 179 184

191n2 210

Seeings,

156160Semantic hallenge o antirealism 29- 32

Semantic hallenge o realismbased on paradoxical ymmetries99- 103

general orm of , 99- 100instability of, 100102skeptical versus nonskeptical 87- 88,99- 102

strategy or resisting 102106 108ultimate

significancef, 116

why flaws in undetected 86-87and Wittgenstein s rule- followingargument 87- 88

Semantic hallenge o realismBenacerraf s indeterminacy 85

as challenge o general ealism 86claims numbers are not objects 106107claims numbers are not sets 106107compatible with unknowable numbers

106and epistemic hallenge o realism 86motivated by naturalism 111112paradoxical ymmetry n, 107 110presupposes tructuralism aboutarithmetic 107110 111

why flaws in undetected 86-87

Radical ranslation See lso Semanticchallenge o realism Quine sindeterminacy

and bilingual speakers 89-90 , 92as excluding ntensional evidence 89- 92paradoxical ymmetry n, 93-94source of indeterminacy f translation8S89 , 92

Rationalismand apodictic knowledge 47- 48and a priori knowledge 36- 41 190basic versus ranscendent nowledge

in, 41- 47expansions f, 187188inseparability rom realism xvii, xxviii,xxxi- xxxii, 23- 24, 26, 68-69n2 187

and nativism 23- 24 35and revisability 48-51and skepticism n general 51- 55and skepticism about knowledge ofnecessity 56- 58

Realism 1, 2arguments or, 4- 6, 29-32 (see lsoIndispensa ility arguments

translationon

revisability 48 183and skepticism xxii, 189202204

and discovery versus creation 134135137 168170

and empiricism 14- 18 23-24general versus particular 2- 4

inseparabilility rom rationalism xvii,xxviii, xxxi- xxxii, 23- 24, 68-69n2 187linguistic, xxv- xxvi, xxviii, 2- 4,

136138 162163mathematical xxviii, xxxi- xxxiii, 1- 4,5- 6, 20, 26, 77- 79 10911On14

Realistic ationalism xvii- xxi, xxii- xxiii,xxviii- xxix, xxxii, 210211

Reductionism SeeEliminativismRelative predication 150152 See lso

Composite objectsRollins C. D., 64Rule following. SeeSemantic hallenge

to realism Kripke s rule- following;

Wittgenstein rule- following argumentRussell Bertrand xxiii, 67, 114 178


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Transcendental rguments 48n12

Transcendental dealism SeeKant,transcendental dealismType / token distinction See lso

Composite objectsand abstractconcrete istinction

117 118 133134exemplified n puzzling figures

149 150 see lso Seeing s)in linguistic antirealism 3, 12 118uncontroversiality f, 133134

and universal instance distinction154155

Index 22S

Semantic hallenge o realism Kripke s

rule- followingabout ustification of projection ounknown , 94-95 , 96, 97

as nonskeptical 88 99-100paradoxical ymmetry n, 98-99 , 101nl0senses n solution of , 95-98 , 101nl0

Semantic hallenge o realism Putnam sSkolemite

Benacerraf n , 113114compatible with unknowable sets 113and conceptions f understanding112 113

presupposes tructuralism about set

theory 112114realist response o, 114 115relies on naturalism 116relies on Wittgenstein s rule- followingargument 114116

Semantic hallenge o realism Quine sindeterminacy

as based on criticism of analyticity93

as based on radical ranslation 88-89 ,

92 (see lso Radical ranslationbegs question against ntensionalism89- 92 , 93

compatible with unknowable meanings88

paradoxical ymmetry n, 93-94 , 101as skeptical 99- 100

Senses See lso ntensionalismand Fregean ropositions 36, 38-39 , 165Fregean heories of, xxvi- xxviii, 18n5

105 185186grasping of, 96-98in Kripke s rule- following semanticchallenge 95-98 , 101nl0

non-Fregean heories of, xxvi- xxviii,18n5185186

Shapiro Stewart l03nllShip of Theseus l00n9SkepticismCartesian about the external world ),189

200202

203

Cartesian about ogic), 52, 53-55 58,193203

as challenge o rationalism 51- 52as external challenge o knowledge

194 195 199200Humean 53- 55, 189 193200 203 205

in elevance o internal knowledge54-55 , 193194 204206

Moore on , 200202about necessity 32, 56-57 , 63, 75 182

184not necessarily entral o philosophy204

Prichard on, 195196Quine on, xxii, 189 202204semantic hallenges o realism asexhibiting 87-88 , 99- 102

Wittgenstein on unintelligibility of,76-77 205206

Smith, G. E., 38

Soames Scott 22Socrates 204Spinoza Benedict 148n13Strawson P F. , xii, xiiin2, 72n3 207 209Stroud Barry xixn4, xxi- xxii, 189

201202Structuralismabout arithmetic 85-86 , l03nll ,

105112 see lso Semantic hallenge orealism Benacerraf s indeterminacy

about set theory 112114 see lsoSemantic challenge o realismPumams Skolemite

Structural properties 107 110Studdert Kennedy Michael 159n21Supervenience 81- 82 . See lso

EliminativismSupposability 38-39 , 58-59

Verificationism xiiin3, 9- 10 99n8 209n7

Wang Hao, 15 17Warnock Mary, xiv- xv, xvii


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226 Index

Yablo Stephen 56-58Yourgrau Palle 15- 16

Wetzel Linda, 109 152n15 155n18White, Alan R., 63-64Wittgenstein Ludwigand a priori knowledge ) ) - xxi,

180181 184on certainty 75- 77 77- 78n4on color ncompatibility 181182 184conception f philosophy astherapeutic xi, xv, xxii- xxiii, 75 182

criticism of Fregean ntensionalismxxvii, 77- 78n4 114 115 156 181182184 185186

criticism of intuition , 43-44criticism of traditional philosophy xi,

xv, ) ) , 75, 182 184on meaning ) ) , 77- 78n4 88 114 115156 158n20 160

and naturalism xi, ) ) , 68, 75-77 111178 184

and necessity 75, 181182 184185rule- following argument of, 77- 78n487- 88 , 114116 156157

on seeing as 156160and skepticism as unintelligible 76- 77

205206Wollheim Richard 154155Wright, Crispin, 99n8

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