Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center (NNMREC)

Lyceum 2.0February 16, 2011Energy Futures of Puget Sound:Are Our Tides Part of the Solution?Brian Polagye, Jim Thomson, and Chris BassettUniversity of WashingtonNorthwest National Marine Renewable Energy CenterNNMREC1Technology FeasibilityEconomic ViabilityEnvironmental ImpactsSocietal ConcernsViable ApproachesRenewable Energy ChallengeNNMRECHarnessing the Power of the TidesVertical MotionBarrage ImpoundmentHydrokinetics moving water

NNMRECBarrage-like systems operated during the early Roman periods3Industry OverviewChallengesTidal Power in Puget SoundEstablishing ContextNNMREC Typical Sites and Devices2-4 m/s20-60 mFoundationDrive TrainRotor5-20 m10-30 rpmGearbox-GeneratorDirect Drive GeneratorPileGravity BaseNNMREC Worldwide Demonstrations

ORPCVerdant PowerEMECOpenHydroAtlantisTidal Generation Ltd.Voith HydroFORCEOpenHydroCleanCurrentMCTCleanCurrentMCTPulse TidalHammerfest StrmVoith HydroNNMREC Verdant Power

Kinetic Hydropower SystemEast River, US(2005 2008)6 turbines5 m diameter33 kW rated powerNNMRECOcean Renewable Power Company

2.5 m diameter240 kW rated powerEastport, ME(2010 ?)

NNMRECOpenHydro

6 m diameter300 kW rated power10 m diameter1000 kW rated powerBay of Fundy, CN(2009 2010)

EMEC, UK(2008 ?)NNMREC Marine Current Turbines

11 m diameter300 kW rated powerSeaFlowLynmouth, UK(2003 2009)16 m diameter x 21200 kW rated powerSeaGenStrangford Lough, UK(2008 ?)NNMRECIndustry OverviewChallengesTidal Power in Puget SoundEstablishing ContextNNMRECTechnology FeasibilityEconomic ViabilityEnvironmental ImpactsSocietal ConcernsTidal Energy ChallengeNNMRECTechnical ChallengesDeep water deploymentsMost of the resource is in water deeper than 20mInspection and maintenanceLong-term reliabilityMoving parts in the marine environment2+ year maintenance interval for rotor and power train20+ year service life

6 monthsNNMRECEconomic ChallengesCapital cost for extended marine deploymentsOperations in marine environmentIntensive environmental monitoring requirementsNNMRECStudy priorities 1000s of possible effectsChicken and Egg ProblemNeed devices in the water to reduce large uncertaintiesCannot receive permit to operate with large uncertaintiesTechnology readiness of monitoring instrumentsYou can only analyze what you can measureExisting tools focused on stock assessments, not individualsSignificant overlap with fundamental research needsHigh natural variability in relation to project scale Environmental ChallengesNNMRECSocial ChallengesTribesUsual and Accustomed Treaty RightsFishing and crabbingCommercial UsersFishing and crabbingShippingRecreational UsersFishing and crabbingDivingMilitary

NNMRECIndustry OverviewChallengesTidal Power in Puget SoundEstablishing ContextNNMREC

Tidal Energy Projects in Puget Sound200520062007200820092010201120122013Tacoma NarrowsFeasibility StudyNNMREC

Tidal Energy Projects in Puget SoundTacoma NarrowsPreliminary Permit200520062007200820092010201120122013NNMREC

Tidal Energy Projects in Puget Sound200520062007200820092010201120122013Rich PassagePreliminary PermitAgate PassagePreliminary PermitDeception PassPreliminary PermitGuemes ChannelPreliminary PermitAdmiralty InletPreliminary PermitSan Juan ChannelPreliminary PermitSpieden ChannelPreliminary PermitTacoma Narrows2nd Feasibility StudyNNMREC

Tidal Energy Projects in Puget Sound200520062007200820092010201120122013200520062007200820092010201120122013Rich PassagePermit SurrenderedAgate PassagePermit SurrenderedDeception PassPreliminary PermitGuemes ChannelPreliminary PermitSan Juan ChannelPreliminary PermitSpieden ChannelPreliminary PermitTacoma NarrowsPermit SurrenderedAdmiralty InletPreliminary PermitFeasibility StudyNNMREC

Tidal Energy Projects in Puget Sound200520062007200820092010201120122013Admiralty InletPreliminary Application DocumentPre-Installation MonitoringSite CharacterizationSan Juan ChannelPermit SurrenderedDeception PassPreliminary PermitGuemes ChannelPreliminary PermitSpieden ChannelPreliminary PermitMarrowstone IslandDemonstration Project StudiesNNMREC

Tidal Energy Projects in Puget Sound200520062007200820092010201120122013Admiralty InletDraft License ApplicationMonitoring Specifications and DevelopmentSite CharacterizationDeception PassInactive PermitGuemes ChannelPermit SurrenderedSpieden ChannelPermit SurrenderedMarrowstone IslandDemonstration Project StudiesTest Platform ProposedNNMREC

Tidal Energy Projects in Puget Sound200520062007200820092010201120122013Admiralty InletFinal License ApplicationMonitoring Specifications and DevelopmentSite CharacterizationDeception PassInactive PermitMarrowstone IslandDemonstration Project InactiveTest Platform PlanningNNMREC

Tidal Energy Projects in Puget Sound200520062007200820092010201120122013Admiralty InletTurbine ProcurementCable LayingMonitoring DevelopmentMarrowstone IslandTest Platform StudiesTest Platform DesignDeception PassInactive PermitNNMREC

Tidal Energy Projects in Puget SoundAdmiralty InletTurbine Installation200520062007200820092010201120122013Marrowstone IslandTest Platform ConstructionDeception PassInactive PermitNNMRECAdmiralty Inlet Pilot Tidal Energy ProjectSnohomish PUD - OpenHydro

2 turbinesPilot demonstration3-5 years of evaluation

SeattleEverettSnohomish PUD ProjectNNMRECIndustry OverviewChallengesTidal Power in Puget SoundEstablishing ContextNNMRECNorthwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center (NNMREC)UW-NNMRECTidal EnergyOSU-NNMRECWave EnergyResource and Site AssessmentDevice and Array OptimizationTesting FacilitiesEnvironmental EffectsMaterials Suitability8 Faculty members involved10 Graduate student researchers supported

NNMREC29Establishing ContextInformation is needed by:Optimal sitingExisting information is insufficientApproaches to close knowledge gaps are underdevelopedSite DevelopersDevice DevelopersRegulatory AgenciesDesign loadsEnvironmental context

NNMREC

Relative Scale of Pilot ScaleNNMREC31Mark II Sea Spider Tripod

CTDOWater QualityHydrophoneUnderwater NoiseFish Tag ReceiverIndividual IDsADCPCurrent VelocityPODSPorpoise PresenceGraduate StudentNNMREC A Research Cruise (Condensed)

NNMREC Sea Spider Deployment (Sub-Optimal)

NNMRECOperatingIdle

Tidal Energy ResourceNNMREC35Underwater Noise

NNMRECVessel Traffic May 2010

NNMRECVessel Traffic Patterns - 2010Distance to Nearest Vessel (km)

NNMRECFuture Plans for UW-NNMRECDevelop capabilities to monitor environmental effects of pilot projects.Help to monitor effects of pilot projects and identify potential environmental impacts for larger deployments.NNMRECTidal energy is not a silver bullet, but could be regionally important.Significant challenges must be overcome prior to commercial development.Opportunity for universities to help solve these problems and train the first generation of marine energy engineers. ConclusionsNNMRECThank YouMore information available at:

Tidal: http://depts.washington.edu/nnmrec

Wave: http://nnmrec.orgeonstate.edu

This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-FG36-08GO18179 and Snohomish PUD .

NNMREC41A Roadmap for Monitoring?Device presence: Static effectsDevice presence: Dynamic effectsChemical effectsAcoustic effectsElectromagnetic effectsEnergy removalCumulative effectsPhysical environment: Near-fieldPhysical environment:Far-fieldHabitatInvertebratesFish: MigratoryFish: ResidentMarine mammalsSeabirdsEcosystem interactionsDevice presence: Static effectsDevice presence: Dynamic effectsChemical effectsAcoustic effectsElectromagnetic effectsEnergy removalCumulative effectsPhysical environment: Near-fieldPhysical environment:Far-fieldHabitatInvertebratesFish: MigratoryFish: ResidentMarine mammalsSeabirdsEcosystem interactionsNNMREC