February 22, 2013

Chapter 13

Pathogens that cause disease:

1. Bacteria

2. Viruses

3. Fungi

4. Protists

5. Parasites

Mediums for Infectious Disease:

1. Person to Person

2. Food and Water

3. Environment

4. Animals

Infectious diseases can be treated through antibiotics and other prescription medications. Antibiotics treat a disease by eliminating the source of the infection, the bacteria. Viral infections can be treated with prescription antiviral medications. Timing is key with antiviral medication because it works to stop viral reproduction.

In order to ensure that the bacteria your body is fighting does not develop an antibiotic resistance, when a bacteria is no longer harmed by an antibiotic, one must use antibiotics responsibly.

1. Use antibiotics only to combat bacteria.

2. Adhere to your doctor’s instructions when taking antibiotics.

Section 1 What Are Infectious Diseases?

Protecting Yourself From Infectious Diseases Our bodies ward off disease using physical barriers, inflammatory response, and the immune system. Physical barriers prevent pathogens from entering the body in the first place, they include our skin, mucous membranes, and chemicals. Inflammatory response is the result of the body’s attack on pathogens. Swelling and discoloration are caused by the arrival of excess blood from other regions of the body. Pus is the combination of ruined body cells and pathogens. The immune system utilizes antibodies such as lymph and white blood cells to break down pathogens.

Ways to Stay Well:

1. Protect yourself by taking good care of your body.

2. Consume all the nutrients necessary for a balanced diet.

3. Stay hydrated.

4. Get regular exercise.

5. Stay well rested.

Contents

What Are Infectious Diseases? 1 Protecting Yourself From Infectious Diseases 1 Common Infectious Diseases 2

Relevant Vocabulary 2

Simon Cooper Period 3

When a nonfunctioning pathogen is inserted into our bodies in the form of a vaccine, our bodies produce white blood cells called memory cells that help to produce antibodies to fight that pathogen.

When sick:

Stay home!

Stay hydrated.

Adhere to your physician’s instructions.

Stop it before it starts:

Keep your vaccinations current.

Have good hygiene.

Refrain from sneezing or coughing on other people.

Common Infectious Diseases

Relevant Vocabulary

Infectious Diseases-any disease resulting from foreign material entering the body Pathogen-foreign material that can harm the body Bacteria-microscopic organism that may be a pathogen Viruses-microscopic pathogen composed of DNA protected by protein Fungi-parasitic organism Antibiotic Resistance- state in which a bacteria is no longer affected by an antibiotic Inflammation- result of the body’s attacks on pathogens characterized by swelling and discoloration Lymphatic System-body system that circulates lymph White blood cell-body cells that produce antibodies to ward off disease Vaccine-nonfunctioning pathogens inserted into the body to help the body develop a resistance to the disease Symptom-any of the body’s reactions resulting from a disease or disorder Meningitis-infection of the tissues encompassing the spinal cord and brain Hepatitis-liver irritation

Amebic Dysentery-intestine irritation resulting from the presence of an ameba

Everyone gets sick at one time or another because pathogens are everywhere. Bacterial Diseases:

1. Tetanus-severe muscle spasms-transmitted by bacteria from ground, can enter through open wounds

2. Strep throat-sore throat, fever, yellow or white specks on tonsils-transmitted through the mucus of infected people

Viral Diseases: 1. Mumps-pain and swelling of glands in the throat, fever, and headache-

contact with afflicted person or particulates in the air 2. Mononucleosis-fever, swollen, lymph nodes, sore throat and weakness-

contact with mucus or saliva of afflicted person Fungal-irritated, discolored skin

Athlete’s foot, jock itch, ringworm Protozoan-nausea, diarrhea, chills, fatigue headache

Amebic dysentery, malaria, African sleeping sickness Parasitic

Hookworms flukes, tapeworms, pinworms, lice, leeches, ticks, fleas Who can help?

Centers for Disease Control Prevention (CDC)

National Institutes of Health (NIH)