Lutheran and Episcopalian Heritage:Part 3

Lutheran and Episcopalian Heritage • Feb. 10: Lutheran History-- Martin Luther's theology, the reformation, and the early

Lutheran Church (Ashley Hall)

• Feb. 17: The Evangelical Lutheran Church in America today -- theology, practices/beliefs (Ashley Hall)

• Feb. 24: Episcopal History – English Reformation, relevant monarchs and the via media, Roots in Anglican tradition (Tim Anderson)

• March 3: The Episcopal Church Today -- the Book of Common Prayer; Current beliefs and practices, challenges and opportunities. (Tim Anderson)

• March 10: The Call to Common Mission -- Creation of the agreement ("communion") between the churches: What does it say? What does it mean? (Ashley Hall)

• March 17: Dialogue on the relationship between the churches: What can/should we be doing now? (community discussion)

The English Reformation&

The Establishment of the Church of England

King Henry VIII1491 -- 1547

Ascended to the throne in 1509 at 18 years of age

Defender of the Faith1521

First Wife: Catherine of AragonThe daughter of Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella, Catherine (1485-1536) was the widow of Henry's older brother Arthur. Between 1510 and 1518, she gave birth to six children, but all except Mary were stillborn or died in infancy. Henry had their marriage annulled amid much controversy in 1533.

The only surviving child of Henry and Catherine, Mary became queen after the death of her brother Edward VI and the failed accession of Lady Jane Grey in 1533. She restored England to Catholicism, executing many religious dissenters, and was succeeded by her half-sister Elizabeth I.

Mary I1516 -1558

Henry FitzRoy: The product of Henry's affair with Elizabeth Blount, Henry (1519-1536) was the only illegitimate child the king acknowledged. Granted numerous titles, he enjoyed a princely upbringing and was rumored to be a candidate for heir apparent. He died at 17 in 1536, probably of tuberculosis.

By 1525 Henry had soured on Catherine and fallen in love with Anne (c. 1507-1536). They wed in secret in 1533. After giving birth to a daughter, Elizabeth, Anne suffered several miscarriages, failing to produce a male heir. In 1536 she was beheaded on charges of witchcraft, incest and adultery.

Anne Boleyn

Thomas Wolsey 1473 – 1530

* Ordained Priest - 1498 * Royal Chaplain - 1508 * Almoner - 1509 * Archbishop of York - 1514 * Lord Chancellor & Cardinal - 1515 * Papal Legate - 1518 * Prince Bishop of Durham - 1523

* Excellent manager; noted statesman; negotiator of many peace settlements.

* Very lavish life style; supporter of the arts; fathered two children.

* Failed to obtain a dispensation for the annulment of Henry’s marriage.

Ecclesial & Political Power

Sir Thomas Moore1478 - 1535

•Lawyer, philosopher, author, statesman, and Renaissance humanist.

• Lord Chancellor 1529 -1532

• Opponent of Protestant Reformation especially Luther and Tyndale.

• Persecuted heretics

• Helped Henry write his book on defense of the Sacraments.

• Refused to swear his allegiance to the parliamentary Act of Succession

•Tried for treason and beheaded.

Thomas Cromwell1485 - 1540

•Cardinal Wolsey’s protégé and a member of Parliament.

•King Henry’s chief councilor 1532 – 1540

•Strong Advocate of English Reformation

•Helped engineer the annulment of Catherine of Aragon

• Act in Restraint of Appeals 1533• Act of Succession 1533, 1534, 1536• Act of Supremacy 1534• Act of Payment of First Fruits or Annates• Act Suppressing the Lesser Monasteries

• Instrumental in death of Anne Boleyn

Thomas Cromwell -- Religious Reforms

• Bishop Cranmer & Bishop Fox - The Ten Articles 1536

1. The binding authority of the Bible, the three ecumenical creeds, and the first four ecumenical councils.

2. The necessity of baptism for salvation, even in the case of infants, (Art. II. says that 'infants ought to be baptized; that, dying in infancy, ' they shall undoubtedly be saved thereby)

3. The sacrament of penance, with confession and absolution, which are declared 'expedient and necessary‘.

4. The substantial, real, corporal presence of Christ's body and blood under the form of bread and wine in the Eucharist.

5. Justification by faith, joined with charity and obedience.

6. The use of images in churches

Thomas Cromwell - Religious Reform (Continued)

7. The honoring of saints and the Virgin Mary.

8. The invocation of saints

9. The observance of various rites and ceremonies as good and laudable, such as clerical vestments, sprinkling of holy water, bearing of candles on Candlemas-day, giving of ashes on Ash Wednesday.

10. The doctrine of purgatory, and prayers for the dead in purgatory (made purgatory a non-essential doctrine)

The daughter of Henry and Anne, Elizabeth (1533-1603) was declared illegitimate after her mother's execution but later restored to the succession. She was crowned queen in 1558 as the last Tudor monarch. Her 44-year reign is remembered as a golden age for British culture.

Elizabeth I 1533 - 1603

A lady-in-waiting to Henry's first two wives, Jane Seymour was betrothed to the king within 24 hours of Anne's beheading in 1536. They married soon after, and in 1537 Jane gave birth to the future Edward the VI. Edward VI. She died nine days later, most likely of an infection.

Third Wife: Jane Seymour1508 -1537

Edward VI: The son of Henry and Jane, Edward (1537-1553) succeeded his father in 1547 at age 9. Because he never reached maturity during his reign, a regency council governed the realm, which was plagued by economic problems, social upheaval and religious turmoil. He died in 1553 at age 15.

Edward VI 1537 - 1553

After Jane's death, Henry tried to forge an alliance with the Duke of Cleves by marrying his sister, Anne (1515-1557), in 1540. Henry reportedly found her unattractive, and the union was annulled. Anne was given the honorary title of the "King's Sister" as well as several pieces of property.

Fourth Wife: Anne of Cleves1515 -1557

Henry wed the teenage lady-in-waiting Catherine immediately after the annulment of his marriage to Anne of Cleves. By the next year, rumors were swirling of liaisons between the new queen and several young men. She was found guilty of treason and beheaded in 1542.

Fifth Wife: Catherine Howard1524 - 1542

Henry married the twice-widowed Catherine in 1543, four years before his death. She was close with her stepchildren and instrumental in restoring Mary and Elizabeth to the succession. Widowed for a third time in 1547, she remarried and died in 1548 after giving birth to a daughter.Catherine Parr

1512 -1548

Thomas Cranmer1489 -1556

• Archbishop of Canterbury 1533 -1555

• Supported Royal Supremacy and Reform

• The 10 Articles - 1536

•“The Bishop’s Book” - 1537

• Dialogue with Lutheran Scholars - 1538

• The Six Articles - 1539 1. Transubstantiation 2. Withholding the cup from the laity 3. Clerical Celibacy 4. Permission for private masses 5. Observance of vows of chastity 6. The importance of auricular confession

• The King’s Book - 1543 (overturned many reforming ideas, including justification by faith)

• Exhortation and Litany - 1544

The Children Of Henry VIII

Elizabeth I 1533 - 1603Mary I 1516 - 1558

Edward VI 1537 - 1553