LULC & Fractional cover change in Inner Mongolia (1992 –2005)
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LULC & Fractional cover change in Inner Mongolia (1992 –2005). Ranjeet John LEES Lab Dept of EEES , U Toledo. Objectives. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Transcript of LULC & Fractional cover change in Inner Mongolia (1992 –2005)
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LULC & Fractional cover change in Inner Mongolia (1992 2005)Ranjeet JohnLEES LabDept of EEES, U Toledo
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ObjectivesTo quantify the degradation of grasslands and other dominant land cover types in Inner Mongolia as a function of fractional cover ( % canopy) change between 1992 and 2005
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Study AreaInner Mongolia lies between 3701 and 5302North Latitude and 9502' and 12337' East Longitude, third largest province in China (1.18 million km2 )bounded by Heilonjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Gansu & Xinjiang The principal mountain ranges are the Greater Hingaan in the east and the Yinshan and Langshan in the central partDeserts include the Gobi desert in the north , Mu Us and Hobq deserts, south of the Huang He (river); the Tengger & Badain Jarian desert in the West
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RATIONALEGrasslands comprise most of land area (38.2%, 2005 MODIS IGBP ) and have increased in extent (33.26%, 1992-930)fc is not only indicator of biomass but also imp. biophysical variable that controls hydrological processes in arid/semi arid regions (Shuttleworth, 1995, Goodrich et al, 1995)Fractional cover (fc) has been derived and studied at multiple scales before (Li X.,2003) but change over time (and across LULC types) not documented
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RATIONALEIncrease in croplands between 1992 (7.37%) and 2005 (10.80%); very controversial subject, as the general idea is that farmland is being abandoned though other studies show that it has expanded(Liu, 2005)this change in land use is critical as it may modify the local climate (Bounoua, 2003) through replacement of native grasslands(include drought adapted C-4) and forests with crops, which transpire less and thus leads to warming
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Goats in vegetation-starved areas must wear protective clothing to keep other desperately hungry goats from eating their hair. http://www.greenpeace.org/international/news/desertification-in-inner-mongo
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http://www.greenpeace.org/international/photosvideos/slideshows/livelihoods-blown-awayChinese documentarian Lu Tongjin has been chronicling desertification in Mongolia since 1995
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http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/Jan 1-8 2005Taklimakan desert
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http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/Jan 1-8 2006Taklimakan desert
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http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/
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http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/
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Percent cropland (Liu, J., 2005)
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% increase in cropland (Liu, J., 2005)
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Reduction in Grassland fcIncrease in crop areaDecrease in precipLivestockgrazingIncrease in populationSoil ErosionAerosols
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Research QuestionWhat is the change in % canopy cover of grasslands between 1992 and 2005?Can we measure the intra-seasonal dynamics of fractional cover for grasslands and other LULC types?
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Rangeland Steppe Community Typical Steppes & Meadow Steppes are sub types found in Inner Mongolia, most commonly used for grazing and animal produceTypical Steppe developed under semi-arid conditions with annual precip under 350m, capable of drought tolerance, include Stipa, Leymus, Artemisia, & FestuccaMeadow Steppe developed in areas with moist fertile soils rich in organic matter with annual precip of 450mm, include Stipa baicalensis, Leymus chinenesis, Cleistogenes mucronata, etc(Sun, 2005)
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MOD13Q1: MODIS derived 16-day composite Vegetation Indices Global dataset 1km, used NDVI VI product to obtain green fractional coverAVHRR 1km NDVI (1992-93) 10 day aggregatesMOD12Q1: MODIS derived LULC (IGBP)AVHRR derived IGBP (1992-93) MOD11A2: Land Surface Temperature (8 day, 1km)SRTM 90m & misc shapefiles (extent, flux tower sites, etc)DATA ACQUISITION AND PRE-PROCESSING
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AVHRR 1km IGBP classification 1993 Inner Mongolia
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MOD1S 1km IGBP classification Inner Mongolia
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2001 MODIS subset
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2001 MODIS land cover
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2001 MODIS subset
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1992 AVHRR subset
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*Area in km2
Sheet1
LULC-IGBP2005%1992-93%
evergreen needleleaf forest13560.1211640.10
evergreen broadleaf forest7780.0700.00
deciduous needleleaf forest80090.7041580.36
deciduous broadleaf forest59520.52110140.96
mixed forests673485.851021028.86
closed shrublands18510.161020.01
open shrublands14348212.4623564520.46
woody savannas266182.31781626.79
savannas88040.7621890.19
grasslands43993838.2038310233.26
permanent wetlands2110.025480.05
croplands12444810.80848457.37
urban and built-up21670.196200.05
cropland/natural vegetation mosaic117781.0212009810.43
permanent snow and ice20.0000.00
barren or sparsely vegetated30361226.3612095110.50
water54520.4772570.63
Total11518061001151957100
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Sheet3
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Cross-tabulation of AVHRR IGBP 1992 (columns) against MODIS IGBP 2005(rows)1 evergreen needleleaf forest 2 evergreen broadleaf forest3 deciduous needleleaf forest4 deciduous broadleaf forest5 mixed forests6 closed shrublands7 open shrublands8 woody savannas9 savannas10 grasslands11permanent wetlands12 croplands13 urban and built-up14 cropland/natural vegetation mosaic15 snow16 barren17 water
Sheet1
LULC-IGBP2005%1992-93%
evergreen needleleaf forest13560.1211640.10
evergreen broadleaf forest7780.0700.00
deciduous needleleaf forest80090.7041580.36
deciduous broadleaf forest59520.52110140.96
mixed forests673485.851021028.86
closed shrublands18510.161020.01
open shrublands14348212.4623564520.46
woody savannas266182.31781626.79
savannas88040.7621890.19
grasslands43993838.2038310233.26
permanent wetlands2110.025480.05
croplands12444810.80848457.37
urban and built-up21670.196200.05
cropland/natural vegetation mosaic117781.0212009810.43
permanent snow and ice20.0000.00
barren or sparsely vegetated30361226.3612095110.50
water54520.4772570.63
Total (sq km)11518061001151957100
Sheet2
20011234567891011121314151617
unclassif0002170522075014014020| 2784522
146502673183346956039167001| 1356
211501538601256242038319000| 778
3366000793790002668823454905567004| 8009
419109017736700114404282122316159004| 5952
5256176701474389034217899640123119124277624480129| 67348
62130367848463115272418711580168| 1851
76342606261186724477601017822948603606006761349903345720| 143482
8102434058012583210874119215795812162110620236| 26618
937960272361731926104841310613610380616| 8804
10359378034701188420249361624333429177589311612965458708443562| 439938
11080061001180140612001| 211
1222118403798122944246314326579927950391099641286041718| 124448
1301017831716008400520640801465| 2167
14633304106660162329213511102034526640016| 11778
1500001000010000000| 2
1611803671425159458535523322108992115710116557440| 303612
1701101256175480119730255054901231637| 5452
Total116441580110141021021022356457816221893831025488484562012009801209517257| 3936328
Sheet3
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AVHRR 1km IGBP classification 1993 (NEESPI)
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MOD12Q1 1km IGBP classification 2001(NEESPI)
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MOD12Q1 1km IGBP classification Inner Mongolia
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Chart2
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0-3.71-22.17-16.29
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010.37-13.87-8.59
13.197.53-12.03-7.09
24.7711.97-10.63-5.59
25.3114.25-4.89-3.47
28.7319.57-1.45-2.79
25.6315.89-4.03-3.43
28.7914.69-1.791.95
32.2325.113.815.41
35.7930.312.615.85
35.2528.671.873.15
38.5726.876.357.87
36.6730.679.756.63
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41.9935.5112.0314.05
48.7140.2316.3516.41
38.0729.1513.5114.91
42.1532.4310.8716.97
41.9731.7720.8319.89
39.8532.8515.2719.05
41.0730.9117.218.83
34.3932.99019.53
37.0127.699.254.79
39.4129.1310.0313.07
41.0730.9110.7111.15
31.2326.0511.052.73
30.7122.235.799.51
28.6921.519.5510.03
27.8519.591.335.33
28.0916.55-0.675.37
21.3518.27-1.892.99
012.71-5.87-0.27
010.79-7.41-1.91
09.65-11.73-3.63
05.61-13.47-8.65
02.17-10.65-8.13
00-25.55-18.13
0-6.17-24.47-16.23
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kubuqi shrubland
kubuqi populus
kubuqi shrubland(N)
kubuqi poplulus(N)
8 day interval
land surface temperature (degrees C)
MODIS derived Land Surface temperature at Kubuqi flux towers (MOD11A2)
Sheet1
dateK05K04D02D01X03DWSymbolSITEK05K04D02D01X03DW
1/1/050.000-8.8300.0000.000-16.330-14.970K05Kubuqi shrublan-17.950-12.070-25.550-24.570-25.910-28.310
1/9/050.0000.000-6.0500.000-17.350-16.910K04Kubuqi populus-18.470-12.150-19.410-17.170-23.650-27.530
1/17/050.0000.0000.2900.000-16.410-17.030D02Duolun cropland-18.470-12.150-19.410-17.170-23.650-27.530
1/25/050.0000.0000.0000.000-13.950-20.450D01Duolun grasslan-21.950-11.330-21.830-21.930-25.010-30.050
2/2/050.000-3.7100.0000.0000.000-19.570X03Xilinhot grassl-22.170-16.290-26.310-26.830-30.130-32.950
2/10/08-8.1500.000-10.650-6.350-11.870-14.010DWDongwu grasslan-17.950-12.070-25.550-24.570-25.910-28.310
2/18/050.0002.0700.0000.0000.0000.000-20.430-12.930-25.490-26.570-28.670-31.610
2/26/050.00010.370-7.750-7.710-12.250-6.550-13.870-8.590-21.530-20.350-21.150-23.990
3/6/0513.1907.530-0.2102.3500.0000.000-12.030-7.090-16.790-17.170-20.610-21.090
3/14/0524.77011.97012.63011.2700.00010.670-10.630-5.590-10.150-10.050-12.450-11.310
3/22/0525.31014.25017.35018.4906.01015.130-4.890-3.470-9.330-6.810-8.990-11.190
3/30/0528.73019.57026.2900.00012.35020.890-1.450-2.790-3.270-2.530-7.450-3.430
4/7/0525.63015.89014.9500.00016.83017.350-4.030-3.430-13.890-11.410-9.130-9.810
4/15/0528.79014.69018.9500.00023.63023.070-1.7901.950-5.390-5.990-5.210-6.950
4/23/0532.23025.11020.31028.29027.61026.7503.8105.410-1.170-2.170-2.090-5.610
5/1/0535.79030.31031.17031.03029.79028.4502.6105.8500.0502.890-3.670-2.350
5/9/0535.25028.67031.43030.25029.01030.7701.8703.1502.7503.0503.9702.790
5/17/0538.57026.87029.25029.53035.81035.7906.3507.8701.3102.3703.0903.590
5/25/0536.67030.67038.47038.71035.71041.4709.7506.6304.4704.8704.4307.470
6/2/0541.37035.55026.51032.57035.77035.7909.09011.6702.2502.6506.8309.430
6/10/0541.99035.51030.85032.11034.77038.79012.03014.0509.5909.2309.91011.690
6/18/0548.71040.23037.07035.89040.85036.81016.35016.41012.33011.09013.77013.970
6/26/0538.07029.15027.91025.73039.39036.75013.51014.91011.15011.15013.51014.810
7/4/0542.15032.43035.51036.75039.05025.69010.87016.97012.39012.19011.91011.610
7/12/0541.97031.77033.71030.45044.15034.49020.83019.89018.07017.17019.13020.650
7/20/0539.85032.85030.81029.87037.95036.51015.27019.05015.59014.13012.99012.330
7/28/0541.07030.91025.87023.93032.47021.55017.2108.83012.9105.85012.49010.070
8/5/0534.39032.9900.0000.00040.55038.5900.00019.53014.99015.69016.91018.670
8/13/0537.01027.69026.63025.81034.91037.3909.2504.79011.6708.95012.89010.610
8/21/0539.41029.13029.59026.39035.79037.87010.03013.07010.5709.8909.97014.610
8/29/0541.07030.91025.87023.93032.47021.55010.71011.1507.8707.6107.8707.890
9/6/0531.23026.05030.05030.27037.19033.91011.0502.7305.4705.4509.67010.310
9/14/0530.71022.23020.89021.61029.49031.6105.7909.5104.1104.3501.6504.210
9/22/0528.69021.51021.57021.15030.65028.2909.55010.0303.6103.6506.0304.050
9/30/0527.85019.59017.13016.23017.85018.3901.3305.330-1.1901.310-1.7300.030
10/8/0528.09016.55017.89017.89020.15021.670-0.6705.370-0.3701.0501.210-1.710
10/16/0521.35018.27015.09014.59016.57013.230-1.8902.990-5.290-4.890-4.990-6.030
10/24/050.00012.71012.77017.97013.87013.230-5.870-0.270-0.890-2.070-0.170-8.350
11/1/050.00010.79010.39010.41011.7509.390-7.410-1.910-5.290-5.970-6.170-8.890
11/9/050.0009.6506.2306.7504.3902.570-11.730-3.630-15.290-11.710-17.930-18.890
11/17/050.0005.6103.1702.5902.1500.000-13.470-8.650-14.210-12.290-15.170-13.590
11/25/050.0002.170-1.3304.510-2.290-15.090-10.650-8.130-17.4900.000-12.330-19.730
12/3/050.0000.000-15.330-15.6700.000-16.990-25.550-18.1300.0000.0000.000-33.510
12/11/050.000-6.1700.0000.000-22.010-19.530-24.470-16.230-22.4700.0000.000-24.910
12/19/050-0.49-7.65-10.79-18.89-14.17-18.730-14.910-20.790-27.270-31.2500.000
12/27/05
Sheet1
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kubuqi shrubland
kubuqi populus
duolun cropland
duolun grassland
xilinhot cropland
dongwu grassland
8 day interval
land surface temperature (degrees C)
MODIS derived Land Surface temperature at Eddy flux towers (MOD11A2)
Sheet2
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kubuqi shrubland
kubuqi populus
kubuqi shrubland(N)
kubuqi poplulus(N)
8 day interval
land surface temperature (degrees C)
MODIS derived Land Surface temperature at Kubuqi flux towers (MOD11A2)
Sheet3
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duolun cropland
duolun grassland
duolun cropland(N)
duolun grassland(N)
8 day interval
land surface temperature (degrees C)
MODIS derived Land Surface temperature at Duolun flux towers (MOD11A2)
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xilinhot cropland
dongwu grassland
xilinhot cropland(N)
dongwu grassland(N)
8 day interval
land surface temperature (degrees C)
MODIS derived Land Surface temperature at Xilinhot & Dongwu towers (MOD11A2)
dateK05K04D02D01X03DWK04K05X03D01D02
1/1/050.000-8.8300.000-16.330-14.97010:0010:3011:0010:0010:3011:0010:0010:3011:0010:0010:3011:0010:0010:3011:00
1/9/050.0000.000-6.050-17.350-16.910
1/17/050.0000.0000.290-16.410-17.030
1/25/050.0000.0000.000-13.950-20.450
2/2/050.000-3.7100.0000.000-19.570
2/10/08-8.1500.000-10.650-6.350-11.870-14.010
2/18/050.0002.0700.0000.0000.000
2/26/050.00010.370-7.750-7.710-12.250-6.550
3/6/0513.1907.530-0.2102.3500.0000.000
3/14/0524.77011.97012.63011.2700.00010.670
3/22/0525.31014.25017.35018.4906.01015.130
3/30/0528.73019.57026.29012.35020.890
4/7/0525.63015.89014.95016.83017.350
4/15/0528.79014.69018.95023.63023.070
4/23/0532.23025.11020.31028.29027.61026.75018.503620.751620.981533333318.550966666719.067366666719.1816333333
5/1/0535.79030.31031.17031.03029.79028.45011.65755512.258490833312.833693333311.57839512.230695416712.7459020833
5/9/0535.25028.67031.43030.25029.01030.77012.577947083313.1840862514.023434583312.587324166713.145933333313.9885708333
5/17/0538.57026.87029.25029.53035.81035.79014.734711111115.470744444418.3239444444
5/25/0536.67030.67038.47038.71035.71041.47017.357308333317.998733333318.660725
6/2/0541.37035.55026.51032.57035.77035.79017.3361518.040087518.60575
6/10/0541.99035.51030.85032.11034.77038.79019.139054166719.480212519.81987519.264880952419.733771428619.74435238118.980957142919.50645238119.6546190476
6/18/0548.71040.23037.07035.89040.85036.81022.994620833323.392819047623.663723809525.086070833326.326242857126.828980952424.945279166725.593516666723.7120333333
6/26/0538.07029.15027.91025.73039.39036.75024.442216666724.907644444425.703105555620.703916666721.14052521.605108333319.895933333320.544062520.855241666719.760579166720.354687521.481875
7/4/0542.15032.43035.51036.75039.05025.69026.283479166727.42022528.289720.904070833321.709891666722.178545833321.19122521.796537522.179816666721.096804166721.627079166722.5576166667
7/12/0541.97031.77033.71030.45044.15034.49026.630095833327.435804166728.051258333324.723370833325.692616666726.45312523.937646666724.546266666725.20937523.930287524.521937525.2696708333
7/20/0539.85032.85030.81029.87037.95036.51022.502891666723.173458333323.77567523.4543524.060791666724.776733333322.362619047622.643158333323.160412520.701138095220.888919047621.254204761920.944954166721.473116666720.954925
7/28/0541.07030.91025.87023.93032.47021.55024.172183333325.040125.834612526.33332527.049983333327.390841666719.175595833319.5925519.884683333319.816837520.042558333320.475829166720.27122520.344483333320.7910041667
8/5/0534.39032.99040.55038.59024.8493525.400270833326.008070833326.081662526.620804166727.432945833322.826929166723.443745833324.15722520.774512521.542387521.890179166721.055829166721.79382523.4626125
8/13/0537.01027.69026.63025.81034.91037.39020.6110521.078716666721.742462521.479312522.208845833322.771454166720.068958333320.753120833321.319158333319.351308333319.850070833320.205720833319.844912520.303112519.9179958333
8/21/0539.41029.13029.59026.39035.79037.87021.096554166721.967933333322.524558333322.910787523.92947525.04647521.363804166722.112716666722.980112519.957366666720.886804761921.257319047620.480537521.584522.1028708333
8/29/0541.07030.91025.87023.93032.47021.55020.20067520.757916666721.3620521.542320833322.398079166723.097404166718.096011666718.929415833319.532739166721.727866666722.2608333333
9/6/0531.23026.05030.05030.27037.19033.91018.970495833319.740945833320.49412520.27267521.183591666722.072416666718.445508333319.416583333320.32132518.880537519.62697520.140975
9/14/0530.71022.23020.89021.61029.49031.61015.567204166716.39617516.953954166716.377245833317.061816666717.565758333312.6472012513.341507514.0117862511.911152512.968943333313.5823904167
9/22/0528.69021.51021.57021.15030.65028.29015.509808333316.306212517.171854166716.948466666717.723058333318.684962513.755133333314.507745416715.493114.958715.757986666716.5885213.852822916714.910920833315.7262916667
9/30/0527.85019.59017.13016.23017.85018.39013.6640414.311733333314.890270833314.884361904815.620966666716.02768095249.3630759.8725962510.472670833310.455190833311.164157511.731984583310.506942916711.2887162511.7859570833
10/8/0528.09016.55017.89017.89020.15021.67010.662617511.684589166712.606647083311.859091666712.8900662514.01240541677.66194833338.73930916679.4819.851215833310.768722511.61252666679.415830952411.435800952411.5826154167
10/16/0521.35018.27015.09014.59016.57013.2308.812448759.745875416710.735989.513772916710.960034583312.15664583335.00708166675.79169916676.7907421256.21497520836.99863791677.6752356.17478258336.76093916677.6777979167
10/24/0512.71012.77017.97013.87013.2304.77581679176.00889541677.250916255.34377015836.69605708337.82027416674.10258945834.92253736295.77993158334.901177655.73609179176.38780708334.8752758755.95329070836.3806312917
11/1/0510.79010.39010.41011.7509.3904.54371983335.93919029176.95629208336.00306666677.13097857148.30303190484.55880583335.35004377925.89148361713.76284842864.43180014294.6124295944
11/9/059.6506.2306.7504.3902.5700.84328470832.02455097923.2021487792-0.76237920832.75398440834.11602275-2.5111565833-1.6766277917-1.0113381208-2.5077010458-1.703547875-0.994495
11/17/055.6103.1702.5902.150-2.5500044583-0.93334633330.1832327083-2.8956646958-1.07263929170.516163375-4.7961266667-3.6896933333-3.1192331111-4.7145166667-3.5031344444-2.9512332222
11/25/052.170-1.3304.510-2.290-15.090-2.8681179108-1.7293534292-0.8628614208-5.0299251833-2.0974647917-0.9435289167
12/3/05-15.330-15.670-16.990-15.7715125-14.4504625-13.4591009524-16.448252381-14.6000620833-12.7807208333-22.0820333333-21.9502666667-21.7011333333
12/11/05-6.170-22.010-19.530
12/19/05-0.49-7.65-10.79-18.89-14.17
12/27/05
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MODIS LST
Kubuqi tower
scaling_Kubuqi populus
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MODIS Terra LST
Kubuqi tower
scaling_Kubuqi shrubland
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MODIS Terra LST
Xilinhot tower
scaling_Xilinhot grassland
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MODIS Terra LST
Duolun tower
scaling_Duolun grassland
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MODIS Terra LST
Duolun tower
scaling_Duolun cropland
Chart3
00-25.55-24.57
-6.050-19.41-17.17
0.290-19.41-17.17
00-21.83-21.93
00-26.31-26.83
-10.65-6.35-25.55-24.57
00-25.49-26.57
-7.75-7.71-21.53-20.35
-0.212.35-16.79-17.17
12.6311.27-10.15-10.05
17.3518.49-9.33-6.81
26.290-3.27-2.53
14.950-13.89-11.41
18.950-5.39-5.99
20.3128.29-1.17-2.17
31.1731.030.052.89
31.4330.252.753.05
29.2529.531.312.37
38.4738.714.474.87
26.5132.572.252.65
30.8532.119.599.23
37.0735.8912.3311.09
27.9125.7311.1511.15
35.5136.7512.3912.19
33.7130.4518.0717.17
30.8129.8715.5914.13
25.8723.9312.915.85
0014.9915.69
26.6325.8111.678.95
29.5926.3910.579.89
25.8723.937.877.61
30.0530.275.475.45
20.8921.614.114.35
21.5721.153.613.65
17.1316.23-1.191.31
17.8917.89-0.371.05
15.0914.59-5.29-4.89
12.7717.97-0.89-2.07
10.3910.41-5.29-5.97
6.236.75-15.29-11.71
3.172.59-14.21-12.29
-1.334.51-17.490
-15.33-15.6700
00-22.470
-7.65-10.79-20.79-27.27
duolun cropland
duolun grassland
duolun cropland(N)
duolun grassland(N)
8 day interval
land surface temperature (degrees C)
MODIS derived Land Surface temperature at Duolun flux towers (MOD11A2)
Sheet1
dateK05K04D02D01X03DWSymbolSITEK05K04D02D01X03DW
1/1/050.000-8.8300.0000.000-16.330-14.970K05Kubuqi shrublan-17.950-12.070-25.550-24.570-25.910-28.310
1/9/050.0000.000-6.0500.000-17.350-16.910K04Kubuqi populus-18.470-12.150-19.410-17.170-23.650-27.530
1/17/050.0000.0000.2900.000-16.410-17.030D02Duolun cropland-18.470-12.150-19.410-17.170-23.650-27.530
1/25/050.0000.0000.0000.000-13.950-20.450D01Duolun grasslan-21.950-11.330-21.830-21.930-25.010-30.050
2/2/050.000-3.7100.0000.0000.000-19.570X03Xilinhot grassl-22.170-16.290-26.310-26.830-30.130-32.950
2/10/08-8.1500.000-10.650-6.350-11.870-14.010DWDongwu grasslan-17.950-12.070-25.550-24.570-25.910-28.310
2/18/050.0002.0700.0000.0000.0000.000-20.430-12.930-25.490-26.570-28.670-31.610
2/26/050.00010.370-7.750-7.710-12.250-6.550-13.870-8.590-21.530-20.350-21.150-23.990
3/6/0513.1907.530-0.2102.3500.0000.000-12.030-7.090-16.790-17.170-20.610-21.090
3/14/0524.77011.97012.63011.2700.00010.670-10.630-5.590-10.150-10.050-12.450-11.310
3/22/0525.31014.25017.35018.4906.01015.130-4.890-3.470-9.330-6.810-8.990-11.190
3/30/0528.73019.57026.2900.00012.35020.890-1.450-2.790-3.270-2.530-7.450-3.430
4/7/0525.63015.89014.9500.00016.83017.350-4.030-3.430-13.890-11.410-9.130-9.810
4/15/0528.79014.69018.9500.00023.63023.070-1.7901.950-5.390-5.990-5.210-6.950
4/23/0532.23025.11020.31028.29027.61026.7503.8105.410-1.170-2.170-2.090-5.610
5/1/0535.79030.31031.17031.03029.79028.4502.6105.8500.0502.890-3.670-2.350
5/9/0535.25028.67031.43030.25029.01030.7701.8703.1502.7503.0503.9702.790
5/17/0538.57026.87029.25029.53035.81035.7906.3507.8701.3102.3703.0903.590
5/25/0536.67030.67038.47038.71035.71041.4709.7506.6304.4704.8704.4307.470
6/2/0541.37035.55026.51032.57035.77035.7909.09011.6702.2502.6506.8309.430
6/10/0541.99035.51030.85032.11034.77038.79012.03014.0509.5909.2309.91011.690
6/18/0548.71040.23037.07035.89040.85036.81016.35016.41012.33011.09013.77013.970
6/26/0538.07029.15027.91025.73039.39036.75013.51014.91011.15011.15013.51014.810
7/4/0542.15032.43035.51036.75039.05025.69010.87016.97012.39012.19011.91011.610
7/12/0541.97031.77033.71030.45044.15034.49020.83019.89018.07017.17019.13020.650
7/20/0539.85032.85030.81029.87037.95036.51015.27019.05015.59014.13012.99012.330
7/28/0541.07030.91025.87023.93032.47021.55017.2108.83012.9105.85012.49010.070
8/5/0534.39032.9900.0000.00040.55038.5900.00019.53014.99015.69016.91018.670
8/13/0537.01027.69026.63025.81034.91037.3909.2504.79011.6708.95012.89010.610
8/21/0539.41029.13029.59026.39035.79037.87010.03013.07010.5709.8909.97014.610
8/29/0541.07030.91025.87023.93032.47021.55010.71011.1507.8707.6107.8707.890
9/6/0531.23026.05030.05030.27037.19033.91011.0502.7305.4705.4509.67010.310
9/14/0530.71022.23020.89021.61029.49031.6105.7909.5104.1104.3501.6504.210
9/22/0528.69021.51021.57021.15030.65028.2909.55010.0303.6103.6506.0304.050
9/30/0527.85019.59017.13016.23017.85018.3901.3305.330-1.1901.310-1.7300.030
10/8/0528.09016.55017.89017.89020.15021.670-0.6705.370-0.3701.0501.210-1.710
10/16/0521.35018.27015.09014.59016.57013.230-1.8902.990-5.290-4.890-4.990-6.030
10/24/050.00012.71012.77017.97013.87013.230-5.870-0.270-0.890-2.070-0.170-8.350
11/1/050.00010.79010.39010.41011.7509.390-7.410-1.910-5.290-5.970-6.170-8.890
11/9/050.0009.6506.2306.7504.3902.570-11.730-3.630-15.290-11.710-17.930-18.890
11/17/050.0005.6103.1702.5902.1500.000-13.470-8.650-14.210-12.290-15.170-13.590
11/25/050.0002.170-1.3304.510-2.290-15.090-10.650-8.130-17.4900.000-12.330-19.730
12/3/050.0000.000-15.330-15.6700.000-16.990-25.550-18.1300.0000.0000.000-33.510
12/11/050.000-6.1700.0000.000-22.010-19.530-24.470-16.230-22.4700.0000.000-24.910
12/19/050-0.49-7.65-10.79-18.89-14.17-18.730-14.910-20.790-27.270-31.2500.000
12/27/05
Sheet1
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000000
000000
000000
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000000
000000
000000
000000
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000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
kubuqi shrubland
kubuqi populus
duolun cropland
duolun grassland
xilinhot cropland
dongwu grassland
8 day interval
land surface temperature (degrees C)
MODIS derived Land Surface temperature at Eddy flux towers (MOD11A2)
Sheet2
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
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0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
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0000
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0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
00
kubuqi shrubland
kubuqi populus
kubuqi shrubland(N)
kubuqi poplulus(N)
8 day interval
land surface temperature (degrees C)
MODIS derived Land Surface temperature at Kubuqi flux towers (MOD11A2)
Sheet3
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
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0000
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0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
00
duolun cropland
duolun grassland
duolun cropland(N)
duolun grassland(N)
8 day interval
land surface temperature (degrees C)
MODIS derived Land Surface temperature at Duolun flux towers (MOD11A2)
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
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0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0
xilinhot cropland
dongwu grassland
xilinhot cropland(N)
dongwu grassland(N)
8 day interval
land surface temperature (degrees C)
MODIS derived Land Surface temperature at Xilinhot & Dongwu towers (MOD11A2)
dateK05K04D02D01X03DWK04K05X03D01D02
1/1/050.000-8.8300.000-16.330-14.97010:0010:3011:0010:0010:3011:0010:0010:3011:0010:0010:3011:0010:0010:3011:00
1/9/050.0000.000-6.050-17.350-16.910
1/17/050.0000.0000.290-16.410-17.030
1/25/050.0000.0000.000-13.950-20.450
2/2/050.000-3.7100.0000.000-19.570
2/10/08-8.1500.000-10.650-6.350-11.870-14.010
2/18/050.0002.0700.0000.0000.000
2/26/050.00010.370-7.750-7.710-12.250-6.550
3/6/0513.1907.530-0.2102.3500.0000.000
3/14/0524.77011.97012.63011.2700.00010.670
3/22/0525.31014.25017.35018.4906.01015.130
3/30/0528.73019.57026.29012.35020.890
4/7/0525.63015.89014.95016.83017.350
4/15/0528.79014.69018.95023.63023.070
4/23/0532.23025.11020.31028.29027.61026.75018.503620.751620.981533333318.550966666719.067366666719.1816333333
5/1/0535.79030.31031.17031.03029.79028.45011.65755512.258490833312.833693333311.57839512.230695416712.7459020833
5/9/0535.25028.67031.43030.25029.01030.77012.577947083313.1840862514.023434583312.587324166713.145933333313.9885708333
5/17/0538.57026.87029.25029.53035.81035.79014.734711111115.470744444418.3239444444
5/25/0536.67030.67038.47038.71035.71041.47017.357308333317.998733333318.660725
6/2/0541.37035.55026.51032.57035.77035.79017.3361518.040087518.60575
6/10/0541.99035.51030.85032.11034.77038.79019.139054166719.480212519.81987519.264880952419.733771428619.74435238118.980957142919.50645238119.6546190476
6/18/0548.71040.23037.07035.89040.85036.81022.994620833323.392819047623.663723809525.086070833326.326242857126.828980952424.945279166725.593516666723.7120333333
6/26/0538.07029.15027.91025.73039.39036.75024.442216666724.907644444425.703105555620.703916666721.14052521.605108333319.895933333320.544062520.855241666719.760579166720.354687521.481875
7/4/0542.15032.43035.51036.75039.05025.69026.283479166727.42022528.289720.904070833321.709891666722.178545833321.19122521.796537522.179816666721.096804166721.627079166722.5576166667
7/12/0541.97031.77033.71030.45044.15034.49026.630095833327.435804166728.051258333324.723370833325.692616666726.45312523.937646666724.546266666725.20937523.930287524.521937525.2696708333
7/20/0539.85032.85030.81029.87037.95036.51022.502891666723.173458333323.77567523.4543524.060791666724.776733333322.362619047622.643158333323.160412520.701138095220.888919047621.254204761920.944954166721.473116666720.954925
7/28/0541.07030.91025.87023.93032.47021.55024.172183333325.040125.834612526.33332527.049983333327.390841666719.175595833319.5925519.884683333319.816837520.042558333320.475829166720.27122520.344483333320.7910041667
8/5/0534.39032.99040.55038.59024.8493525.400270833326.008070833326.081662526.620804166727.432945833322.826929166723.443745833324.15722520.774512521.542387521.890179166721.055829166721.79382523.4626125
8/13/0537.01027.69026.63025.81034.91037.39020.6110521.078716666721.742462521.479312522.208845833322.771454166720.068958333320.753120833321.319158333319.351308333319.850070833320.205720833319.844912520.303112519.9179958333
8/21/0539.41029.13029.59026.39035.79037.87021.096554166721.967933333322.524558333322.910787523.92947525.04647521.363804166722.112716666722.980112519.957366666720.886804761921.257319047620.480537521.584522.1028708333
8/29/0541.07030.91025.87023.93032.47021.55020.20067520.757916666721.3620521.542320833322.398079166723.097404166718.096011666718.929415833319.532739166721.727866666722.2608333333
9/6/0531.23026.05030.05030.27037.19033.91018.970495833319.740945833320.49412520.27267521.183591666722.072416666718.445508333319.416583333320.32132518.880537519.62697520.140975
9/14/0530.71022.23020.89021.61029.49031.61015.567204166716.39617516.953954166716.377245833317.061816666717.565758333312.6472012513.341507514.0117862511.911152512.968943333313.5823904167
9/22/0528.69021.51021.57021.15030.65028.29015.509808333316.306212517.171854166716.948466666717.723058333318.684962513.755133333314.507745416715.493114.958715.757986666716.5885213.852822916714.910920833315.7262916667
9/30/0527.85019.59017.13016.23017.85018.39013.6640414.311733333314.890270833314.884361904815.620966666716.02768095249.3630759.8725962510.472670833310.455190833311.164157511.731984583310.506942916711.2887162511.7859570833
10/8/0528.09016.55017.89017.89020.15021.67010.662617511.684589166712.606647083311.859091666712.8900662514.01240541677.66194833338.73930916679.4819.851215833310.768722511.61252666679.415830952411.435800952411.5826154167
10/16/0521.35018.27015.09014.59016.57013.2308.812448759.745875416710.735989.513772916710.960034583312.15664583335.00708166675.79169916676.7907421256.21497520836.99863791677.6752356.17478258336.76093916677.6777979167
10/24/0512.71012.77017.97013.87013.2304.77581679176.00889541677.250916255.34377015836.69605708337.82027416674.10258945834.92253736295.77993158334.901177655.73609179176.38780708334.8752758755.95329070836.3806312917
11/1/0510.79010.39010.41011.7509.3904.54371983335.93919029176.95629208336.00306666677.13097857148.30303190484.55880583335.35004377925.89148361713.76284842864.43180014294.6124295944
11/9/059.6506.2306.7504.3902.5700.84328470832.02455097923.2021487792-0.76237920832.75398440834.11602275-2.5111565833-1.6766277917-1.0113381208-2.5077010458-1.703547875-0.994495
11/17/055.6103.1702.5902.150-2.5500044583-0.93334633330.1832327083-2.8956646958-1.07263929170.516163375-4.7961266667-3.6896933333-3.1192331111-4.7145166667-3.5031344444-2.9512332222
11/25/052.170-1.3304.510-2.290-15.090-2.8681179108-1.7293534292-0.8628614208-5.0299251833-2.0974647917-0.9435289167
12/3/05-15.330-15.670-16.990-15.7715125-14.4504625-13.4591009524-16.448252381-14.6000620833-12.7807208333-22.0820333333-21.9502666667-21.7011333333
12/11/05-6.170-22.010-19.530
12/19/05-0.49-7.65-10.79-18.89-14.17
12/27/05
0
0
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0
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0
0
0
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0
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0
0
0
0
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0
MODIS LST
Kubuqi tower
scaling_Kubuqi populus
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
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0
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0
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0
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MODIS Terra LST
Kubuqi tower
scaling_Kubuqi shrubland
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MODIS Terra LST
Xilinhot tower
scaling_Xilinhot grassland
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MODIS Terra LST
Duolun tower
scaling_Duolun grassland
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
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MODIS Terra LST
Duolun tower
scaling_Duolun cropland
-
Chart1
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010.67-12.45-11.31
6.0115.13-8.99-11.19
12.3520.89-7.45-3.43
16.8317.35-9.13-9.81
23.6323.07-5.21-6.95
27.6126.75-2.09-5.61
29.7928.45-3.67-2.35
29.0130.773.972.79
35.8135.793.093.59
35.7141.474.437.47
35.7735.796.839.43
34.7738.799.9111.69
40.8536.8113.7713.97
39.3936.7513.5114.81
39.0525.6911.9111.61
44.1534.4919.1320.65
37.9536.5112.9912.33
32.4721.5512.4910.07
40.5538.5916.9118.67
34.9137.3912.8910.61
35.7937.879.9714.61
32.4721.557.877.89
37.1933.919.6710.31
29.4931.611.654.21
30.6528.296.034.05
17.8518.39-1.730.03
20.1521.671.21-1.71
16.5713.23-4.99-6.03
13.8713.23-0.17-8.35
11.759.39-6.17-8.89
4.392.57-17.93-18.89
2.150-15.17-13.59
-2.29-15.09-12.33-19.73
0-16.990-33.51
-22.01-19.530-24.91
-18.89-14.17-31.250
xilinhot cropland
dongwu grassland
xilinhot cropland(N)
dongwu grassland(N)
8 day interval
land surface temperature (degrees C)
MODIS derived Land Surface temperature at Xilinhot & Dongwu towers (MOD11A2)
Sheet1
dateK05K04D02D01X03DWSymbolSITEK05K04D02D01X03DW
1/1/050.000-8.8300.0000.000-16.330-14.970K05Kubuqi shrublan-17.950-12.070-25.550-24.570-25.910-28.310
1/9/050.0000.000-6.0500.000-17.350-16.910K04Kubuqi populus-18.470-12.150-19.410-17.170-23.650-27.530
1/17/050.0000.0000.2900.000-16.410-17.030D02Duolun cropland-18.470-12.150-19.410-17.170-23.650-27.530
1/25/050.0000.0000.0000.000-13.950-20.450D01Duolun grasslan-21.950-11.330-21.830-21.930-25.010-30.050
2/2/050.000-3.7100.0000.0000.000-19.570X03Xilinhot grassl-22.170-16.290-26.310-26.830-30.130-32.950
2/10/08-8.1500.000-10.650-6.350-11.870-14.010DWDongwu grasslan-17.950-12.070-25.550-24.570-25.910-28.310
2/18/050.0002.0700.0000.0000.0000.000-20.430-12.930-25.490-26.570-28.670-31.610
2/26/050.00010.370-7.750-7.710-12.250-6.550-13.870-8.590-21.530-20.350-21.150-23.990
3/6/0513.1907.530-0.2102.3500.0000.000-12.030-7.090-16.790-17.170-20.610-21.090
3/14/0524.77011.97012.63011.2700.00010.670-10.630-5.590-10.150-10.050-12.450-11.310
3/22/0525.31014.25017.35018.4906.01015.130-4.890-3.470-9.330-6.810-8.990-11.190
3/30/0528.73019.57026.2900.00012.35020.890-1.450-2.790-3.270-2.530-7.450-3.430
4/7/0525.63015.89014.9500.00016.83017.350-4.030-3.430-13.890-11.410-9.130-9.810
4/15/0528.79014.69018.9500.00023.63023.070-1.7901.950-5.390-5.990-5.210-6.950
4/23/0532.23025.11020.31028.29027.61026.7503.8105.410-1.170-2.170-2.090-5.610
5/1/0535.79030.31031.17031.03029.79028.4502.6105.8500.0502.890-3.670-2.350
5/9/0535.25028.67031.43030.25029.01030.7701.8703.1502.7503.0503.9702.790
5/17/0538.57026.87029.25029.53035.81035.7906.3507.8701.3102.3703.0903.590
5/25/0536.67030.67038.47038.71035.71041.4709.7506.6304.4704.8704.4307.470
6/2/0541.37035.55026.51032.57035.77035.7909.09011.6702.2502.6506.8309.430
6/10/0541.99035.51030.85032.11034.77038.79012.03014.0509.5909.2309.91011.690
6/18/0548.71040.23037.07035.89040.85036.81016.35016.41012.33011.09013.77013.970
6/26/0538.07029.15027.91025.73039.39036.75013.51014.91011.15011.15013.51014.810
7/4/0542.15032.43035.51036.75039.05025.69010.87016.97012.39012.19011.91011.610
7/12/0541.97031.77033.71030.45044.15034.49020.83019.89018.07017.17019.13020.650
7/20/0539.85032.85030.81029.87037.95036.51015.27019.05015.59014.13012.99012.330
7/28/0541.07030.91025.87023.93032.47021.55017.2108.83012.9105.85012.49010.070
8/5/0534.39032.9900.0000.00040.55038.5900.00019.53014.99015.69016.91018.670
8/13/0537.01027.69026.63025.81034.91037.3909.2504.79011.6708.95012.89010.610
8/21/0539.41029.13029.59026.39035.79037.87010.03013.07010.5709.8909.97014.610
8/29/0541.07030.91025.87023.93032.47021.55010.71011.1507.8707.6107.8707.890
9/6/0531.23026.05030.05030.27037.19033.91011.0502.7305.4705.4509.67010.310
9/14/0530.71022.23020.89021.61029.49031.6105.7909.5104.1104.3501.6504.210
9/22/0528.69021.51021.57021.15030.65028.2909.55010.0303.6103.6506.0304.050
9/30/0527.85019.59017.13016.23017.85018.3901.3305.330-1.1901.310-1.7300.030
10/8/0528.09016.55017.89017.89020.15021.670-0.6705.370-0.3701.0501.210-1.710
10/16/0521.35018.27015.09014.59016.57013.230-1.8902.990-5.290-4.890-4.990-6.030
10/24/050.00012.71012.77017.97013.87013.230-5.870-0.270-0.890-2.070-0.170-8.350
11/1/050.00010.79010.39010.41011.7509.390-7.410-1.910-5.290-5.970-6.170-8.890
11/9/050.0009.6506.2306.7504.3902.570-11.730-3.630-15.290-11.710-17.930-18.890
11/17/050.0005.6103.1702.5902.1500.000-13.470-8.650-14.210-12.290-15.170-13.590
11/25/050.0002.170-1.3304.510-2.290-15.090-10.650-8.130-17.4900.000-12.330-19.730
12/3/050.0000.000-15.330-15.6700.000-16.990-25.550-18.1300.0000.0000.000-33.510
12/11/050.000-6.1700.0000.000-22.010-19.530-24.470-16.230-22.4700.0000.000-24.910
12/19/050-0.49-7.65-10.79-18.89-14.17-18.730-14.910-20.790-27.270-31.2500.000
12/27/05
Sheet1
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000000
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000000
000000
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000000
000000
000000
000000
000000
kubuqi shrubland
kubuqi populus
duolun cropland
duolun grassland
xilinhot cropland
dongwu grassland
8 day interval
land surface temperature (degrees C)
MODIS derived Land Surface temperature at Eddy flux towers (MOD11A2)
Sheet2
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
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0000
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0000
0000
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0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
00
kubuqi shrubland
kubuqi populus
kubuqi shrubland(N)
kubuqi poplulus(N)
8 day interval
land surface temperature (degrees C)
MODIS derived Land Surface temperature at Kubuqi flux towers (MOD11A2)
Sheet3
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
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0000
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0000
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0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
00
duolun cropland
duolun grassland
duolun cropland(N)
duolun grassland(N)
8 day interval
land surface temperature (degrees C)
MODIS derived Land Surface temperature at Duolun flux towers (MOD11A2)
0000
0000
0000
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0000
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0
xilinhot cropland
dongwu grassland
xilinhot cropland(N)
dongwu grassland(N)
8 day interval
land surface temperature (degrees C)
MODIS derived Land Surface temperature at Xilinhot & Dongwu towers (MOD11A2)
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
0000
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0
xilinhot cropland
dongwu grassland
xilinhot cropland(N)
dongwu grassland(N)
8 day interval
land surface temperature (degrees C)
MODIS derived Land Surface temperature at Xilinhot & Dongwu towers (MOD11A2)
dateK05K04D02D01X03DWK04K05X03D01D02
1/1/050.000-8.8300.000-16.330-14.97010:0010:3011:0010:0010:3011:0010:0010:3011:0010:0010:3011:0010:0010:3011:00
1/9/050.0000.000-6.050-17.350-16.910
1/17/050.0000.0000.290-16.410-17.030
1/25/050.0000.0000.000-13.950-20.450
2/2/050.000-3.7100.0000.000-19.570
2/10/08-8.1500.000-10.650-6.350-11.870-14.010
2/18/050.0002.0700.0000.0000.000
2/26/050.00010.370-7.750-7.710-12.250-6.550
3/6/0513.1907.530-0.2102.3500.0000.000
3/14/0524.77011.97012.63011.2700.00010.670
3/22/0525.31014.25017.35018.4906.01015.130
3/30/0528.73019.57026.29012.35020.890
4/7/0525.63015.89014.95016.83017.350
4/15/0528.79014.69018.95023.63023.070
4/23/0532.23025.11020.31028.29027.61026.75018.503620.751620.981533333318.550966666719.067366666719.1816333333
5/1/0535.79030.31031.17031.03029.79028.45011.65755512.258490833312.833693333311.57839512.230695416712.7459020833
5/9/0535.25028.67031.43030.25029.01030.77012.577947083313.1840862514.023434583312.587324166713.145933333313.9885708333
5/17/0538.57026.87029.25029.53035.81035.79014.734711111115.470744444418.3239444444
5/25/0536.67030.67038.47038.71035.71041.47017.357308333317.998733333318.660725
6/2/0541.37035.55026.51032.57035.77035.79017.3361518.040087518.60575
6/10/0541.99035.51030.85032.11034.77038.79019.139054166719.480212519.81987519.264880952419.733771428619.74435238118.980957142919.50645238119.6546190476
6/18/0548.71040.23037.07035.89040.85036.81022.994620833323.392819047623.663723809525.086070833326.326242857126.828980952424.945279166725.593516666723.7120333333
6/26/0538.07029.15027.91025.73039.39036.75024.442216666724.907644444425.703105555620.703916666721.14052521.605108333319.895933333320.544062520.855241666719.760579166720.354687521.481875
7/4/0542.15032.43035.51036.75039.05025.69026.283479166727.42022528.289720.904070833321.709891666722.178545833321.19122521.796537522.179816666721.096804166721.627079166722.5576166667
7/12/0541.97031.77033.71030.45044.15034.49026.630095833327.435804166728.051258333324.723370833325.692616666726.45312523.937646666724.546266666725.20937523.930287524.521937525.2696708333
7/20/0539.85032.85030.81029.87037.95036.51022.502891666723.173458333323.77567523.4543524.060791666724.776733333322.362619047622.643158333323.160412520.701138095220.888919047621.254204761920.944954166721.473116666720.954925
7/28/0541.07030.91025.87023.93032.47021.55024.172183333325.040125.834612526.33332527.049983333327.390841666719.175595833319.5925519.884683333319.816837520.042558333320.475829166720.27122520.344483333320.7910041667
8/5/0534.39032.99040.55038.59024.8493525.400270833326.008070833326.081662526.620804166727.432945833322.826929166723.443745833324.15722520.774512521.542387521.890179166721.055829166721.79382523.4626125
8/13/0537.01027.69026.63025.81034.91037.39020.6110521.078716666721.742462521.479312522.208845833322.771454166720.068958333320.753120833321.319158333319.351308333319.850070833320.205720833319.844912520.303112519.9179958333
8/21/0539.41029.13029.59026.39035.79037.87021.096554166721.967933333322.524558333322.910787523.92947525.04647521.363804166722.112716666722.980112519.957366666720.886804761921.257319047620.480537521.584522.1028708333
8/29/0541.07030.91025.87023.93032.47021.55020.20067520.757916666721.3620521.542320833322.398079166723.097404166718.096011666718.929415833319.532739166721.727866666722.2608333333
9/6/0531.23026.05030.05030.27037.19033.91018.970495833319.740945833320.49412520.27267521.183591666722.072416666718.445508333319.416583333320.32132518.880537519.62697520.140975
9/14/0530.71022.23020.89021.61029.49031.61015.567204166716.39617516.953954166716.377245833317.061816666717.565758333312.6472012513.341507514.0117862511.911152512.968943333313.5823904167
9/22/0528.69021.51021.57021.15030.65028.29015.509808333316.306212517.171854166716.948466666717.723058333318.684962513.755133333314.507745416715.493114.958715.757986666716.5885213.852822916714.910920833315.7262916667
9/30/0527.85019.59017.13016.23017.85018.39013.6640414.311733333314.890270833314.884361904815.620966666716.02768095249.3630759.8725962510.472670833310.455190833311.164157511.731984583310.506942916711.2887162511.7859570833
10/8/0528.09016.55017.89017.89020.15021.67010.662617511.684589166712.606647083311.859091666712.8900662514.01240541677.66194833338.73930916679.4819.851215833310.768722511.61252666679.415830952411.435800952411.5826154167
10/16/0521.35018.27015.09014.59016.57013.2308.812448759.745875416710.735989.513772916710.960034583312.15664583335.00708166675.79169916676.7907421256.21497520836.99863791677.6752356.17478258336.76093916677.6777979167
10/24/0512.71012.77017.97013.87013.2304.77581679176.00889541677.250916255.34377015836.69605708337.82027416674.10258945834.92253736295.77993158334.901177655.73609179176.38780708334.8752758755.95329070836.3806312917
11/1/0510.79010.39010.41011.7509.3904.54371983335.93919029176.95629208336.00306666677.13097857148.30303190484.55880583335.35004377925.89148361713.76284842864.43180014294.6124295944
11/9/059.6506.2306.7504.3902.5700.84328470832.02455097923.2021487792-0.76237920832.75398440834.11602275-2.5111565833-1.6766277917-1.0113381208-2.5077010458-1.703547875-0.994495
11/17/055.6103.1702.5902.150-2.5500044583-0.93334633330.1832327083-2.8956646958-1.07263929170.516163375-4.7961266667-3.6896933333-3.1192331111-4.7145166667-3.5031344444-2.9512332222
11/25/052.170-1.3304.510-2.290-15.090-2.8681179108-1.7293534292-0.8628614208-5.0299251833-2.0974647917-0.9435289167
12/3/05-15.330-15.670-16.990-15.7715125-14.4504625-13.4591009524-16.448252381-14.6000620833-12.7807208333-22.0820333333-21.9502666667-21.7011333333
12/11/05-6.170-22.010-19.530
12/19/05-0.49-7.65-10.79-18.89-14.17
12/27/05
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MODIS LST
Kubuqi tower
scaling_Kubuqi populus
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MODIS Terra LST
Kubuqi tower
scaling_Kubuqi shrubland
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MODIS Terra LST
Xilinhot tower
scaling_Xilinhot grassland
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MODIS Terra LST
Duolun tower
scaling_Duolun grassland
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
MODIS Terra LST
Duolun tower
scaling_Duolun cropland
-
Fractional Cover (Green and Senescent)
Where SVI is the spectral vegetation index and SVIsoil and SVIfullcanopy are end-members
- Qi, 2000
-
SRTM derived DEM
-
Fractional (% canopy) cover change (2005)
-
Annual average Fractional cover for all LULC types% fc reclassed into bins of 10% increment; 0-10 = 1, 11-20 = 2, etc
Chart1
5269466740
71480166076
255622178402
255802153356
23261582590
20352660117
9408331267
295826963
1724856
91-100116
fc recl92
fc recl05
% canopy cover (binned)
km2
Annual fractional cover bins (1992-2005)
2005
05 fcbinjanfebmaraprmayjunjulaugsepoctnovdecannual avg1992-9320051992-93
0-1085375189189064940956082946859545323643449238599642142548140452933283407946674052695452water7257
11-20970578411323394032696514675410520175188838121293782445372894659247416607671480303612desert120951
21-3084617719511612211482511625021034496996781418161635209878162675896201784022556222167urban620
31-403408943201562546235512828710195474413883451457981338246299841431153356255802311231128828
41-50200671765524557337647379278037768229031412332559563492091818882590232615143482235645
51-601256584231196386235466849107716627861610241610281191431196360117203526
61-709830595643833213538133486464096701204841833181918790703126794083
71-80860250962085155037437301037499381102112511499108727667696329582
81-9077674805134961614208488631712411035652407844182663488561724
91-10018138133931322317642714166933609831954301335177635643116
1011464831149703
20532321031151806
30
40
50102030405060708090100
604667401660761784021533568259060117312676963856116
7052697148025562225580223261520352694083295821724
80
90
1004667401660761784021533568259060117312676963856116
52697148025562225580223261520352694083295821724
2005
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
fc 1992-93
fc 2005
% bin
Million km2
Annual fractional cover bin (1992-2005)
92-93
628010
1892660
2365700
2234790
2288860
1150190
581330
299430
4011
100
fc april 92
fc apr 05
% bin
Million km2
Fractional cover Bin:1992-2005 (Apr)
monthfc2005
903230
2094880
1387610
1197100
1616630
1489030
813740
717870
73297
54108
fc may 92
fc may 05
% bin
sq km
Fractional cover Bin:1992-2005 (May)
monthfc92-93
149526453236
199919105201
189237103449
183073101954
12552078037
10275749107
8038334864
5502330103
3774681-90
2875991-100
fc june 92
fc june 05
% bin
sq km
Fractional cover Bin:1992-2005 (June)
251490434492
17656375188
16724269967
10473874413
7595876822
8211471662
10737164096
6777374993
5416081-90
4118491-100
fc july 92
fc july 05
% bin
sq km
Fractional cover Bin:1992-2005 (July)
234767385996
7836183812
8740381418
7751888345
7235490314
8218878616
11850370120
12460281102
10867381-90
15596691-100
fc august 92
fc august 05
% bin
sq km
Fractional cover Bin:1992-2005 (August)
101686421425
160081129378
78926161635
108648145798
123216123325
141135102416
16582548418
14129911251
7984381-90
4369591-100
fc september 92
fc september 05
% bin
sq km
Fractional cover Bin:1992-2005 (September)
47790481404
182613244537
121111209878
188333133824
26930059563
20641110281
947773318
238821499
621681-90
403091-100
fc october 92
fc october 05
% bin
sq km
Fractional cover Bin:1992-2005 (October)
11869529332
145631289465
199317162675
27237462998
29328849209
15681219143
4799819187
1418210872
282081-90
27791-100
fc november 92
fc november 05
% bin
sq km
Fractional cover Bin:1992-2005 (November)
5667834079
15868992474
24123489620
13514741431
15152518188
20651511963
1428709070
788537667
2135881-90
271091-100
fc December 92
fc December 05
% bin
sq km
Fractional cover Bin:1992-2005 (December)
15011853751
28568497057
23863484617
26951334089
15257520067
6292012565
742539830
360968602
909381-90
78991-100
fc january 93
fc january 05
% bin
sq km
Fractional cover Bin:1993-2005 (January)
4962891890
15548184113
11735071951
20061043201
31117617655
1634998423
800795956
738735096
3102081-90
651891-100
fc february 93
fc march 05
% bin
sq km
Fractional cover Bin:1993-2005 (February)
103070
614460
1889340
2181970
1767650
1456500
1245030
1422150
57546
19005
fc march 93
fc march 05
% bin
sq km
Fractional cover Bin:1993-2005 (March)
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
fc recl92
fc recl05
% canopy cover (binned)
km2
Annual fractional cover bins (1992-2005)
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
00
fc recl92
fc recl05
% canopy cover (binned)
km2
Fractional cover bin: 1992-2005 (January)
92-93 fcbinaprmayjunjulaugsepoctnovdecjanfebmarannual avg
0-10628019032314952625149023476710168647790118695667150114962103075269466740
11-20189266209488199919176563783611600811826131456311586892856841554816144671480166076
21-302365701387611892371672428740378926121111199317241234238634117350188934255622178402
31-4022347911971018307310473877518108648188333272374135147269513200610218197255802153356
41-50228886161663125520759587235412321626930029328815152515257531117617676523261582590
51-6011501914890310275782114821881411352064111568122065156292016349914565020352660117
61-70581338137480383107371118503165825947774799814287074253800791245039408331267
71-80299437178755023677731246021412992388214182788533609673873142215295826963
81-904011732973774654160108673798436216282021358909331020575461724856
91-1001005410828759411841559664369540302772710789651819005116
janfebmaraprmayjunejulaugsepoctnovdec
0000000000000
1211262827119339275962450823590247262323326562307003188318484
2175662595217289249852055121443239381907023337285412965316191
3160902414818266269422071722025223421708522215261942658715167
4155192179220527279732172921026199541539820579238182261214129
5160401968521930261202129718480173841448818331214461968913168
6159681802822731244781990417019151271399716877188531848912166
7157041689523275234141813316024131971302115122167571846311556
8151401537524393231711710314891115341226613290158681972611170
9144691396225463246751681613762106981141012717154702131711070
1013219128992627025681164751270295601046112028158192227010488
111198111533264342799316054120538826965411813170252269110073
12108471065625339298291562311462841790621192018159235709961
1310215998724108322261499111291802487501240919871254639415
149431937623541348611423410672758781131238921617273749086
159083849922990363151389310610760283131262224413299539589
168912772022878368491373410061728280701300626325320559133
17902271832263735691138849643714080271314928482334378930
18909866142276433868144879855707580151366229860333348928
19944663712214732072151419874683280791406529689321278976
209366653921939289191544510084672480091489530263309609022
219728660521493262981619410012670779991530829769278079117
229714666520682229581659410241675379291586828454246549560
23960269371977820159168029996683080501602426787215909760
249624703418695169061681910314677080911615524363186949879
259148746017046143161685510322700980291661622095160209794
268815758215269123691676410674699482271650119942141579704
278176757614097106571640910551732682661661218058121089179
28738977861286295351611310533737784701667215527107888526
2966937520115758426155301074871448417165051355494997666
3061137105105477675155091059273848320161701276184627009
315614688193337130152611066873688649160571189476456398
324792640581566752149811064572628676159321105170385634
334274577570306643145391068074428635157571152364285129
343870507764176367140381053373358740153481219261204550
353335441555326091133361037274078765147371338360034099
362984382349536067128221012276239011144901447158933775
372729335144015912119641022575218910141881536359033481
38240128064040588111233989876309144136351563260843245
39222325723586583210745973675909151134241479761532703
40208723173314592410013965076689122131611421061142729
4118561939308057659293936076459317129351232561552338
4217741734289452778903903477999260127051059962632224
431672155327424500820287437845929612537852858732058
441543144125233876783385377728910412581715656591934
451505136223853403747180277959907412405567153331805
461405126322752976714975127734910612307450447781761
471379122620792529668773167660912412280365843411646
481317113319872024633470647682890412349288438981545
491304105018771894621466637639882911903251434371569
506428506328591696609962987571879312159200636391428
511456107616931450589460087443855512162180327481391
52145298115581255577856847375846212111154323441314
53136694614101065555954377355825011730125922491278
5412488951375983543152697207817911571113620311260
551290870124889354324939731279911085897718301224
561221795110173653464753719378341029190017991184
57121779010826915349448270877509957276516091230
5811797569405985424450471647549891069616391060
5911197168735475397430870507422818168915271055
6011016717854705339410068667243750461014621059
6110366596804445416411767727260679749313871026
621052643607402542138776501702563134401416980
631013657578400541237186584719560063841365970
64995630510341542835816605705655903381358921
651055583443315544535936480701150693481548870
66975575395307539233656378700247452901856932
67965546351277553432806267693340983202201896
68961577319264536832136249683538142702570873
69944586313250530631956405715633672552765831
70891545243229529132176275710528242192809826
71894516248212517031026254717923362042641833
72889540253207498430196493747419081942186866
73900529242191476229866678743214801621663773
74836556229187432529906940789313011591288818
7583653522714839062970713181141076152859738
768625382041393493293874288358905152678792
778624911761213210298878338486714142480723
788755181981292888300081888845633132451771
798554511971082533305889058966562101349720
808344751551132331330797488966445121315666
818584991898720873432104458851417111266699
82778522144911830351011481918933799252652
83813507148861671385512634954830698193656
84793440162581592422314282944529287181645
85808528126671462449016302994022764170649
8684746111961128549351870510522233100164620
877514901364812165284214521080319773149620
887394741324811255808237581122816979165653
897444451122910556509231061203216468163601
906824841004410567163199421260414077146582
91721423105329998131143441334710469122576
926884379631914878790421370410777130549
93681445852788898175619138147782134513
94691398741781111029310213316646591580
956854507722736120591058117403953105565
9662239270245931369743293202859104565
9767843349275331542314459851753106490
98605409772939317722192171176899531
99602416552628919752720556792539
100122319685652824082584414275580730805
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
sq km
% cover
sq km
% Canopy cover (February)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
sq km
% cover
sq km
% Canopy cover (March)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
sq km
% cover
sq km
% Canopy cover (April)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
sq km
% cover
sq km
% Canopy cover (May)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
sq km
% cover
sq km
% Canopy cover (June)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
sq km
% cover
sq km
% Canopy cover (July)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
sq km
% cover
sq km
% Canopy cover (August)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
sq km
% cover
sq km
% Canopy cover (September)
30700
28541
26194
23818
21446
18853
16757
15868
15470
15819
17025
18159
19871
21617
24413
26325
28482
29860
29689
30263
29769
28454
26787
24363
22095
19942
18058
15527
13554
12761
11894
11051
11523
12192
13383
14471
15363
15632
14797
14210
12325
10599
8528
7156
5671
4504
3658
2884
2514
2006
1803
1543
1259
1136
977
900
765
696
689
610
493
440
384
338
348
290
320
270
255
219
204
194
162
159
152
152
142
132
101
121
111
99
98
87
64
100
73
79
68
77
69
77
82
65
53
59
53
68
67
755
sq km
% cover
sq km
% Canopy cover (October)
31883
29653
26587
22612
19689
18489
18463
19726
21317
22270
22691
23570
25463
27374
29953
32055
33437
33334
32127
30960
27807
24654
21590
18694
16020
14157
12108
10788
9499
8462
7645
7038
6428
6120
6003
5893
5903
6084
6153
6114
6155
6263
5873
5659
5333
4778
4341
3898
3437
3639
2748
2344
2249
2031
1830
1799
1609
1639
1527
1462
1387
1416
1365
1358
1548
1856
2201
2570
2765
2809
2641
2186
1663
1288
859
678
480
451
349
315
266
252
193
181
170
164
149
165
163
146
122
130
134
91
105
104
106
99
92
807
sq km
% cover
sq km
% Canopy cover (November)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
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0
sq km
% cover
sq km
% Canopy cover (December)
0
0
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sq km
% cover
sq km
% Canopy cover (January)
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42131546711090545253369625358465819201700
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sq km
% cover
sq km
% Canopy cover (January)
0
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sq km
% cover
sq km
% Canopy cover (February)
0
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sq km
% cover
sq km
% Canopy cover (March)
0
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0
sq km
% cover
sq km
% Canopy cover (April)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
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0
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