LukeAuthorship-Luke the physician

-Left up to early church fathers

-The use of the “we” in Acts suggests a traveler with Paul (16:10-17, 20:5, 21:1, 27:1, Col. 4:14)

Location-Caesarea or Rome

Date-60 A.D

Authorship-Luke the physician

-Left up to early church fathers

-The use of the “we” in Acts suggests a traveler with Paul (16:10-17, 20:5, 21:1, 27:1, Col. 4:14)

Location-Caesarea or Rome

Date-60 A.D

LukePurpose

-The second Adam (perfect man) restores to us what we lost in the garden (19:10)

Pastoral

1). Confirm their commitment (1:1-4)

-These new believers had ample reason to question their new faith

Purpose

-The second Adam (perfect man) restores to us what we lost in the garden (19:10)

Pastoral

1). Confirm their commitment (1:1-4)

-These new believers had ample reason to question their new faith

LukeAddress

-Ch. 1:1-4

-Supplies a specific reader – Theopholis

Use of Other Christian Resources

-Careful investigation (1:1-4)

-Interviews with eyewitnesses?

-Earlier written works

-Use of Mark

-Retains the Messiah Secret

-And 2 of the 3 Messiah/Disciple passages

Address

-Ch. 1:1-4

-Supplies a specific reader – Theopholis

Use of Other Christian Resources

-Careful investigation (1:1-4)

-Interviews with eyewitnesses?

-Earlier written works

-Use of Mark

-Retains the Messiah Secret

-And 2 of the 3 Messiah/Disciple passages

LukeSpecial Emphasis

1). The Hoy Spirit

-Known as the theologian of the Holy Spirit

–Appears or is referred to no fewer than 70 times

-Jesus is the mediator of the Spirit (3:16)

-Anointed Himself of the Spirit (3:22, 4:1)

-Fathered by the Spirit (1:35)

-The Spirit’s role in directing characters (2:27, 1:15, 4:1)

-Empower and direct public witness (1:41, 1:67, 12:12)

-Source of joy – 10:21

Special Emphasis

1). The Hoy Spirit

-Known as the theologian of the Holy Spirit

–Appears or is referred to no fewer than 70 times

-Jesus is the mediator of the Spirit (3:16)

-Anointed Himself of the Spirit (3:22, 4:1)

-Fathered by the Spirit (1:35)

-The Spirit’s role in directing characters (2:27, 1:15, 4:1)

-Empower and direct public witness (1:41, 1:67, 12:12)

-Source of joy – 10:21

Luke*Never allow believers to focus in on the charismatic in and of itself

-10:17 – focus on the fact that you are saved

2). The Role of Woman

-Features woman in the life and ministry of Jesus more than the other gospel evangelists

-2:25-35, 36-38, 7:11, 15:8, 18:1, 7:36, 8:1

23:49-24:12, 10:38-11:1

*Never allow believers to focus in on the charismatic in and of itself

-10:17 – focus on the fact that you are saved

2). The Role of Woman

-Features woman in the life and ministry of Jesus more than the other gospel evangelists

-2:25-35, 36-38, 7:11, 15:8, 18:1, 7:36, 8:1

23:49-24:12, 10:38-11:1

Luke3). The Perfect Humanity of Christ

-Fullest account of the birth, childhood, domestic and social life of Jesus

-Underscores His human feelings (10:21, 19:41, 22:44)

-His prayers are prominent – emphasizing His humanity

-Teaching on prayer – 11:5, 18:1, 21:36

-Genealogy (3:38) links Him closely to the human race

3). The Perfect Humanity of Christ

-Fullest account of the birth, childhood, domestic and social life of Jesus

-Underscores His human feelings (10:21, 19:41, 22:44)

-His prayers are prominent – emphasizing His humanity

-Teaching on prayer – 11:5, 18:1, 21:36

-Genealogy (3:38) links Him closely to the human race

LukeStructure

-Is as much as Matthew concerned with linking OT with NT

-Focus on Christ’s works in Jerusalem

-Intro: Luke 1-2

-Judean ministry outside Jerusalem: 3:1-9:50

-Journey to Jerusalem: 9:51-19:27

-Jerusalem: 19:28-24:52

Structure

-Is as much as Matthew concerned with linking OT with NT

-Focus on Christ’s works in Jerusalem

-Intro: Luke 1-2

-Judean ministry outside Jerusalem: 3:1-9:50

-Journey to Jerusalem: 9:51-19:27

-Jerusalem: 19:28-24:52

LukeLuke’s Message

1). The faithfulness of God to Israel

-God’s reliability towards the new people of God (Jews and Gentiles)

-God has not thrown off His people completely but was faithful; they cast Him off (7:30)

-Demonstrated in early chapters (Ch. 1-2)

-2 principle families of Israel – true Israelites being Torah observant

Luke’s Message

1). The faithfulness of God to Israel

-God’s reliability towards the new people of God (Jews and Gentiles)

-God has not thrown off His people completely but was faithful; they cast Him off (7:30)

-Demonstrated in early chapters (Ch. 1-2)

-2 principle families of Israel – true Israelites being Torah observant

Luke2). The Gentile’s in God’s redemptive plan

-Extends to all people and nations (2:32, 3:23-38)

-Adds 3 verses (Isaiah 40:1-5 – 3:6)

-The rejection at Nazareth as a result of Him including the Gentiles (4:25-29)

-Centurion (a Gentile) as a picture of biblical faith (7:1-10)

-Ten lepers (a Samaritan) - (17:16-18)

-Good Samaritan (10:30)

2). The Gentile’s in God’s redemptive plan

-Extends to all people and nations (2:32, 3:23-38)

-Adds 3 verses (Isaiah 40:1-5 – 3:6)

-The rejection at Nazareth as a result of Him including the Gentiles (4:25-29)

-Centurion (a Gentile) as a picture of biblical faith (7:1-10)

-Ten lepers (a Samaritan) - (17:16-18)

-Good Samaritan (10:30)

LukeThe Hallmark of the new Community

1). Restoration of the sinner

-The willingness and desire to reach out to the sinner who repents

-He says He came to bring back the lost and sinners – 5:31

-Portrayed in the sense of being forgiven and restored (7:36-50)

-3 parables of ch. 15 vr. Grumbling son (15:25-33)

-Zacheus (19:7)

-Sinner on the cross (23:40)

The Hallmark of the new Community

1). Restoration of the sinner

-The willingness and desire to reach out to the sinner who repents

-He says He came to bring back the lost and sinners – 5:31

-Portrayed in the sense of being forgiven and restored (7:36-50)

-3 parables of ch. 15 vr. Grumbling son (15:25-33)

-Zacheus (19:7)

-Sinner on the cross (23:40)

Luke2). Proper use of money in the care of the poor

-1:52, 4:18, 3:10, 11:39, 12:13, 14:33, 18:22, 19:7, 14:12

-Luke’s beatitudes – 6:24-26

-13:23

2). Proper use of money in the care of the poor

-1:52, 4:18, 3:10, 11:39, 12:13, 14:33, 18:22, 19:7, 14:12

-Luke’s beatitudes – 6:24-26

-13:23

JohnAuthorship

-The Beloved Disciple – church tradition names John the son of Zebedee – late 2nd century

Location

-Ephesus the traditional place is just as likely as any

Date

-85 A.D. - reflection on and development of Christology

Authorship

-The Beloved Disciple – church tradition names John the son of Zebedee – late 2nd century

Location

-Ephesus the traditional place is just as likely as any

Date

-85 A.D. - reflection on and development of Christology

JohnPurpose

-Gospel tract -21:30

-Pastoral needs

1). Docetist - denied the reality of the divine logos actually becoming flesh and suffering in the flesh

2). Increased pressure on Christians from Gentile populations and local officials for failure to worship the emperor

Purpose

-Gospel tract -21:30

-Pastoral needs

1). Docetist - denied the reality of the divine logos actually becoming flesh and suffering in the flesh

2). Increased pressure on Christians from Gentile populations and local officials for failure to worship the emperor

JohnAddress

-Need to assure Christians (especially Jewish) in the face of opposition and criticism from the non-Christian Jews

-Provides insulation from the negative evaluation of the non-Christian

Address

-Need to assure Christians (especially Jewish) in the face of opposition and criticism from the non-Christian Jews

-Provides insulation from the negative evaluation of the non-Christian

JohnThe Synoptic Gospels

-Similar story line

-Particulars to John

-Cleansing of the temple at the outset of His ministry

-John narrates what was a largely Judean ministry (ch. 8-20)

-Incorporates at least 3 Passovers

-His ministry overlaps with John the Baptists

-There are no exorcisms in John and fewer healings

The Synoptic Gospels

-Similar story line

-Particulars to John

-Cleansing of the temple at the outset of His ministry

-John narrates what was a largely Judean ministry (ch. 8-20)

-Incorporates at least 3 Passovers

-His ministry overlaps with John the Baptists

-There are no exorcisms in John and fewer healings

John-Tells of the trial before Annas not Caiaphas

-Has a significant dialogue with Pilate

-Simon of Cyrene has no role in this passion

-Time of the crucifixion is different

–Noon (19:14) – 9 am (Mk. 15:25)

-No institution of the Lord’s Supper

-Jesus’ body is prepared immediately for burial not after Sabbath

-None of the Synoptic parables appear in John

-Not shy about His Messianic claims (4:26, 9:35)

-Tells of the trial before Annas not Caiaphas

-Has a significant dialogue with Pilate

-Simon of Cyrene has no role in this passion

-Time of the crucifixion is different

–Noon (19:14) – 9 am (Mk. 15:25)

-No institution of the Lord’s Supper

-Jesus’ body is prepared immediately for burial not after Sabbath

-None of the Synoptic parables appear in John

-Not shy about His Messianic claims (4:26, 9:35)

JohnJohn’s Message

1). The One from above

{Focus on Jesus’ relationship with the Father}

-Jesus reveals/shows the Father (14:9, 14:7, 15:24)

-Messenger acting out the “Sender’s” commission (3:35, 5:19, 5:23, 3:36)

-Encounter with Christ is vital to salvation (3:36, 5:21-24, 40, 6:51)

-The face of the mediator of God’s favor (1:18, 3:17, 21,36, 5:24, 13:20, 14:6)

-This emphasis on encounter/decision makes John a popular evangelizing tool

John’s Message

1). The One from above

{Focus on Jesus’ relationship with the Father}

-Jesus reveals/shows the Father (14:9, 14:7, 15:24)

-Messenger acting out the “Sender’s” commission (3:35, 5:19, 5:23, 3:36)

-Encounter with Christ is vital to salvation (3:36, 5:21-24, 40, 6:51)

-The face of the mediator of God’s favor (1:18, 3:17, 21,36, 5:24, 13:20, 14:6)

-This emphasis on encounter/decision makes John a popular evangelizing tool

John-No other source can make known God as can Jesus (1:18)

-The “signs” (miracles) - Jesus used to reveal His true status and authority

-Preserves Jesus as human

-Remains DIVINE and HUMAN more than any other presentation

-No other source can make known God as can Jesus (1:18)

-The “signs” (miracles) - Jesus used to reveal His true status and authority

-Preserves Jesus as human

-Remains DIVINE and HUMAN more than any other presentation

John2). Jesus, Torah, and the Jewish festivals

a). Presented as the “new temple” – 1:51 (Gen. 28:12), 10:7, 14:6

-2:19 – His body is now the place of mediation

-4:21 – both Jerusalem and mount Gerizim are rejected

b). Torah had a value as a witness to the word made flesh (5:39, 9:28, 5:4)

-Those that reject Jesus do not read the scripture correctly

-19:7/5:39 & 12:37 (Is. 6:9, Is. 53)

2). Jesus, Torah, and the Jewish festivals

a). Presented as the “new temple” – 1:51 (Gen. 28:12), 10:7, 14:6

-2:19 – His body is now the place of mediation

-4:21 – both Jerusalem and mount Gerizim are rejected

b). Torah had a value as a witness to the word made flesh (5:39, 9:28, 5:4)

-Those that reject Jesus do not read the scripture correctly

-19:7/5:39 & 12:37 (Is. 6:9, Is. 53)

Johnc). He links events in Jesus’ ministry and Jewish festivals

-Pentecost – celebrates giving and keeping of the Torah

-ch. 5

-Passover – celebrates the exodus and manna from heaven

–6:4 & 19:14

-Succoth or booths – 7:38, 4:13-145, 8:12

-The Feast of Dedication - celebrates restoration of the temple

-10:36

c). He links events in Jesus’ ministry and Jewish festivals

-Pentecost – celebrates giving and keeping of the Torah

-ch. 5

-Passover – celebrates the exodus and manna from heaven

–6:4 & 19:14

-Succoth or booths – 7:38, 4:13-145, 8:12

-The Feast of Dedication - celebrates restoration of the temple

-10:36

JohnThe “I am” sayings

-Jesus is explaining His own significance in the OT

-Ex. 3:14, Is. 41:4, 43:10, 46:4, 43:25

-6:35 – The Bread of Life

-8:12 – The Light of the World

-10:7 – The Door

-10:11 – The Good Shepherd

-11:25 – The Resurrection and Life

-14:6 – The Way, The Truth, and The Life

-15:1 – The Vine

The “I am” sayings

-Jesus is explaining His own significance in the OT

-Ex. 3:14, Is. 41:4, 43:10, 46:4, 43:25

-6:35 – The Bread of Life

-8:12 – The Light of the World

-10:7 – The Door

-10:11 – The Good Shepherd

-11:25 – The Resurrection and Life

-14:6 – The Way, The Truth, and The Life

-15:1 – The Vine

JohnThe death of Jesus = the hour of glorification

-A choice made to pursue a noble goal

-Authority over His own life (10:17)

-His foreknowledge of it (Jn. 7:33, 8:21, 3:14, 12:32, 2:4, 12:23, 13:1)

-They cannot arrest Him until His hour arrives

-The benefit that Jesus gives to others through suffering (1:29, 3:14, 10:11)

The death of Jesus = the hour of glorification

-A choice made to pursue a noble goal

-Authority over His own life (10:17)

-His foreknowledge of it (Jn. 7:33, 8:21, 3:14, 12:32, 2:4, 12:23, 13:1)

-They cannot arrest Him until His hour arrives

-The benefit that Jesus gives to others through suffering (1:29, 3:14, 10:11)

JohnThe Holy Spirit in John

-Bears witness to the sin of the unbelieving world (16:8)

-Jesus’ presence among and guidance of the community (14:25)

-He is more available now to His believers now that He sent His Spirit

The Holy Spirit in John

-Bears witness to the sin of the unbelieving world (16:8)

-Jesus’ presence among and guidance of the community (14:25)

-He is more available now to His believers now that He sent His Spirit

JohnJohn’s cultivation of Christian Ethos

-Christ as our example

-Serve one another (13:2)

-Love one another (13:34, 15:12)

- Church’s witness that Jesus was indeed sent by God (17:11, 20-23)

-Believers are sent into the world to witness (17:18)

-Distance yourself form those that hide their faith (9:22, 12:42, 19:38)

-Caring about the praise of humans hinders praise form God (12:26)

John’s cultivation of Christian Ethos

-Christ as our example

-Serve one another (13:2)

-Love one another (13:34, 15:12)

- Church’s witness that Jesus was indeed sent by God (17:11, 20-23)

-Believers are sent into the world to witness (17:18)

-Distance yourself form those that hide their faith (9:22, 12:42, 19:38)

-Caring about the praise of humans hinders praise form God (12:26)