Lug Analysis
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Transcript of Lug Analysis
Lug Analysis
In lug analysis & sizing we consider both lug & pin. Below shown are the three different types of loads generally applied on lugs.
a) Axial load case (α = 0)b) Transverse load case (α = 90°)c) Oblique load case (α between 0 & 90°)
In analysis & sizing of the lug following are the points to be covered.
A) Design Consideration1. Symmetrical double shear & multiple shear lugs are only used for fail-safe
conditions
2. Ratio of lug thickness to hole diameter should be greater than 0.33. Grain direction of lug material must be carefully oriented as this drives the
lug strength.4. Forged material & press fit bushings should be used to improve fatigue
life.
B) Case I – Axial Load
The failure modes of the lug in this load case are.1. Shear bearing failure
Pbru = Kbr Ftux Abr
Abr = Dt2. Tension failure
Ptu = Kt Ftux At
At = (W-D) t3. Yield Failure – Lug
Py = C (Ftyx/Ftux) (Pu) min
4. Yield Failure – Bushing
Pbry = 1.85 Fcy Abrb
5. Pin shear-off failure
Pps = Fsu (πD2/4)Pps = 2Fsu (πD2/4) Lug design for double shear
6. Pin bending failure
C) Case II – Transverse Load
1. Compute
Abr = DtAav = 6/ [(3/A1) + (1/A2) + (1/A3) + (1/A4)]
2. Ultimate load is obtained by below equation
Ptru = Ktru Abr Ftuy
3. Yield Load
Py = Ktry Abr Ftyy
D) Case III – Oblique Load
1. Ultimate Load
MS = [1/ (Ra,u 1.6 + Rtr,u
1.6)0.625] – 1
2. Yield Load
MS = [1/ (Ra,y 1.6 + Rtr,y
1.6)0.625] – 1
E) Case IV – Tubular
Tubular pin preferable over large dia. Pins where high concentrated loads are acting, as tubular pins has greater moment of inertia. Even distribution of bearing/compressive stress is obtained in addition to reduction in wear & improvement in fatigue life of lug.
1. Tubular pin is used for landing gear trunion & engine pylon mount fittings.
2. Double pin design (Small pin inside tubular pin) provides fail safe design
Design criteria:5 < D/t < 10 D – Tubular pin outer dia., 0.5 > t1/D < 1.0 t – Tubular wall thickness, t1 – Female lug wall thickness
a. Ultimate Load
MS = [1/ (Rs,y2+ Rb,y)] – 1
b. Yield LoadShear Stress (fsy) = [(Plimit/2) /Atube]
F) Combined Bolt Load
The MS of bolt in combined shear & tension may be determined by above curve
G) Lug Clamp-UpFemale lug (Clevis) should be checked for excessive residual stresses under clamp-up.
Use of spherical bushing, flanged bushing & cross sectional area of bushing should be greater than or equal to bolt shank for rotating hinges design.