LUDWIG MIES VAN DE ROHE1886-1969

INTRODUCTION

• Ludwig Mies was born in Germany on March 27 1886.

• He had no formal training in architecture.

• Worked under Peter Behrens.

• Succeeded Gropius as Bauhaus Director.

• Migrated to US and taught architecture at the Illinois Institute Of Technology.

• Designed skyscrapers of steel and glass which became models of skyscraper design throughout the world.

CHARACTER OF WORKs-LESS IS MORE

• Simple rectangular forms.

• Open, flexible plans and multi-functional spaces.

• Widespread use of glass to bring the outside in.

• Mastered steel and glass construction.

• Exposed and very refined structural details.

GENERAL MEANINGLESS COMPLICATED IS BETTER UNDERSTOOD AND MORE APPRECIATED THAN WHAT IS MORE COMPLICATED.SIMPLICITY IS PREFERABLE TO COMPLEXITY.

ARCHITECTURAL MEANINGBUILDING SHOULD BE STRIPPED OF ANY EXTRAS AND CONSTRUCTED ON ESSENTIALS OF CLARITY, UTILITY AND EFFECT.

AIMS-ESTABILISHMENT OF A NEW ARCHITECTURAL STYLE FOR MODERN TIMES AND ARCHITECTURE WITH A MINIMAL FRAMEWORK OF STRUCTURAL ORDER BALANCED AGAINST THE IMPLIED FREEDOM OF FREE FLOWING OPEN SPACES

SOURCES

•SIMPLE VOLUMES • BALANCE BETWEEN EMPTY AND FILLED SPACE.

SHIMADA HOUSE

GARDEN AND SEA WEEK-END HOUSE

DANCING LIVING HOUSE DESIGNED

DINING AREA WITH MINIMUM DESIGN ELEMENTS

A LOFT IN NEW YORK DESIGNED ABSTRACT OR MINIMALIST. LIGHT, GEOMETRICAL FORMS AND NATURAL MATERIAL ARE KEY POINTS.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Mies_van_der_Rohe

http://new-design-times.com/article/articleC47.php?ID=47

•TO BASE THE ARCHITECTURAL EXPRESSION ON ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS OF A STRUCTURE.

•LIKE FOR VAN DER ROHE THE ESSENTIAL ELEMENTS WERE THE GLASS ENCLOSURE AND STEEL FRAME WHICH HE CALLED THE SKIN AND BONES OF A STRUCTURE.

•ELIMINATE VISUAL CLUTTER.

•THIS WAS DONE BY SUPPRESSING THE SECONDARY ELEMENTS OF A BUILDINGS AND THERBY HEIGHTEN THE VISUAL IMPACT OF A SPACE OR VIEW.

SEAGRAM BUILDING,•THE BUILDING STANDS 515 FEET (157 M) TALL WITH 38 STORIES, •COMPLETED IN 1958. •IT STANDS AS ONE OF THE FINEST EXAMPLES OF THE FUNCTIONALIST AESTHETIC AND A MASTERPIECE OF CORPORATE MODERNISM. •IT WAS DESIGNED AS THE HEADQUARTERS FOR THE CANADIAN DISTILLERS JOSEPH E. SEAGRAM'S & SONS.

MATERIALS •CURTAIN WALL OF GLASS AND BRONZE IN THE FRONT DUE TO THE FIRE LAW , CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION WAS USED AS A STRUCTURAL MATERIAL, BOTH OUTSIDE AND INSIDE.

BLINDS IT WAS EVIDENT THAT A BUILDING OF SUCH HEIGHT WOULD HAVE A HUGE AREA OF BLINDS, WHOSE USERS TEND TO UPLOAD OR DOWNLOAD THEM AS THEY LIKED.

•IT IS A RECTANGULAR BUILDING SUPPORTED ON PILES

•ELEVATION OF THE BUILDING ACHIEVES ITS EXPRESSIVE PERFECTION,AND IS VERTICALLY EMPHASIZED..

SOURCES- www.wikipedia/seagram.org

www.archdaily.com

MAIN BUILDING

PLAZA

o THE OFFICE SPACES ABOVE THE LOBBY, FURNISHED BY PHILIP JOHNSON.

o HAVE FLEXIBLE FLOOR PLANS, LIT WITH LUMINOUS CEILING PANELS.

o THESE FLOORS ALSO GET MAXIMUM NATURAL LIGHTING WITH THE EXTERIOR BEING GLASS PANES OF GRAY TOPAZ THAT PROVIDE FLOOR-TO-CEILING WINDOWS FOR THE OFFICE SPACES.

MAIN BUILDING

Fig 25:SEAGRAM BUILDING PLAN

Ref : http://www.archdaily.com

•Mies’ response to the city with the seagram

building was the grand gesture of setting

back the building 100 feet from the street

edge, which created a highly active open

plaza.

•Large granite surface of the plaza.

Fig27:PUBLIC PLAZA

Ref:http://www.flickriver.com/photos/dandc/tags/seagramb

uilding/

•These floors also get maximum

natural lighting with the exterior

being glass panes of gray topaz that

were used for sun and heat

protection.

•Use of modern materials and

setback from the city grid, became a

prototype for future office

buildings.(10)

Fig 29:SEAGRAM BUILDING ELEVATION

Ref:http://en.wikiarquitectura.com/index.php/File

:Seagram_Detalle_Ventanas.jpg

Fig30:FOUNTAINS IN PLAZA

Ref:http://www.stylepark.com/en/news/no-no-no-

no-nobr-the-book-to-go-with-the-seagram-

building/342945

•Additional vertical elements were also welded

to the window panels not only to stiffen the

skin for installation and wind loading, but to

aesthetically further enhance the vertical

articulation of the building.(10)

•The plaza attracts users with its two

large fountains surrounded by generous

outdoor seating.

Fig31:STRUCTURE

Ref :

http://parkinglotslol.blogspot.in/2011/02/

god-of-materials-and-details-in.html

Fig32:COLUMN BEAM DETAIL

Ref :http://www.jmhdezhdez.com/2011/05/seagram-

building-mies-new-york.html

CONSTRUCTION

DETAILS

Fig32:FAÇADE DETAIL

Ref:http://www.copper.org/applications/architec

ture/arch_dhb/arch-

details/wall_cladding/curtainwall.html

860-880 LAKE SHORE DRIVE APARTMENTS

LOCATION- CHICAGO,ILLINOIS,USA YEAR - 1949-1951PLOT AREA -1.2 ACREHEIGHT- 82 METRESNO OF STOREYS- 26ARCHITECTURAL STYLE- 1) INTERNATIONAL STYLE

2) SKIN AND BONE ARCHITECTURE3) INDEPENDENT ARCHITECTURE

PHILOSOPHY- MINIMILISMRECOGNITION- 1) NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACE

IN 19802) CHICAGO LANDMARK IN 1996

PLANNING AND SPACES

INDEPENDENT ARCHITECTURE- Concept was that architecture should be independent of site

TRAPAZOIDAL SITE

90 DEGREE CROSS AXIS ARRANGEMENT

21 FOOT COLUMN GRID

FLOOR PLANS

ENLARGED LIVING SPACE

NO LIGHT ANDVENTILATION PROVIDEDIN CORE AREAS

REDUCED BATHROOM AND KITCHENSIZES

INDEPENDENT ARCHITECTURE- GROUND FLOORIS RAISED ABOVE TO GIVE AN APPEARANCE AND SENSE OF FLOATING ABOVE THE GROUND LEVEL

AMPLE NATURAL LIGHTING AND MICHGAN LAKE SIDE VIEW

A horizontal roof is the sole connector between the two high-rise apartments towers and does not have any function other than to "mark the spirituality of this specific place."

IMPORTANT FEATURES

SKIN AND BONE ARCHITECTURE-STRUCTURAL STEEL AND GLASS FAÇADE ENCLOSURE

MINIMILISTIC APPROACH-LACK OF ORNAMENTATION

EMPHASIS ON VERTICALITY

REPETATIVE COMPONENTS

PREFABRICATED STRUCTURE

I -BEAM MULLIONSThe mullions on his buildings reflect the inner structure and therefore give truth to the aesthetic of the building.These were non functional component thus violating theidea of minimilism.

RENOVATION

The refurbishment involved re-coating the steel frame facade and cleaning the aluminium windows, as well as adding sand-blasted glass to the lobby

Krueck and Sexton Architects of Chicago were commissioned to renovate the historical towers

The problems included corrosion of the buildings’ exposed steel frame, failure of the lobby glazing system and extensive cracking.

FURNITURE DESIGNS

BARCELONA CHAIR The Barcelona chair is a chair designed by Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Lilly Reich.

DATE- 1929

It was first used in Villa Tugendhat, a World Heritage Site

The frame was initially designed to be bolted together, but waas redesigned in 1950 using stainless steel, which allowed the frame to be formed by a seamless piece of metal, giving it a smoother appearance. Bovine leather replaced the ivory-colored pigskin which was used for the original pieces.

MATERIAL AND CONSTRUCTION

http://www.archdaily.com/59487/ad-classics-860-880-lake-shore-drive-mies-van-der-rohehttps://www.dezeen.com/2010/03/02/860-880-lake-shore-drive-refurbishment-by-krueck-sexton/https://www.slideshare.net/aashnaarora50/less-is-moremies-van-der-rohe