Luciano Maiani, Universita’ di Roma La Sapienza.
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Views on Flavour Physics Opening Talk, DAFNE 2004Laboratori Nazionali dell’ INFN di Frascati, June 9, 2004.
Luciano Maiani, Universita’ di Roma La Sapienza.
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DAFNE04. June 9, 2004 L. Maiani. Views on Flavour Phyisics 2
Collider energies versus time
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GeV
?
AdAVEP-1
CBXACO
ADONECEA
SPEAR
VEPP-2
DORIS
PETRA
CESRVEPP-4
PEP TRISTANLEP
SLCHERA
LEP2
DCI
LHC
SppS TEVATRON
ISR
LHC
RHIC
KEK-B
PEP2
DAFNE
BEPC
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
e+ e- colliders
P-P, P-P-bar colliders
ions
Flavour Physics
Meson Factories
•BNL (muon g-2)•SPS (NA48)•....
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DAFNE04. June 9, 2004 L. Maiani. Views on Flavour Phyisics 3
SUMMARY
• The muon g-2
• Semileptonic decays and CKM unitarity
• A fresh look at the scalar mesons
• Flavour physics: why continue?
Very personal viewsNot systematic at allApologies for omissions!
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DAFNE04. June 9, 2004 L. Maiani. Views on Flavour Phyisics 4
Brookhaven National LabMuon g-2 Collaboration(Y. Semertzidis, ICHEP 2002)
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DAFNE04. June 9, 2004 L. Maiani. Views on Flavour Phyisics 5
BNL, Muon g-2 Collaboration, 2004Positive and negative muons combined
Electroweak:
=
Light-by-light:
Hadron (CMD2+KLOE):
Total SM:
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DAFNE04. June 9, 2004 L. Maiani. Views on Flavour Phyisics 6
Comparison CMD2-KLOE
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DAFNE04. June 9, 2004 L. Maiani. Views on Flavour Phyisics 7
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DAFNE04. June 9, 2004 L. Maiani. Views on Flavour Phyisics 8
g-2, conclusions
• The discrepancy is 3, but huge, 2 x electroweak: improving on the error is mandatory and crucial;
• The bad guy is light-by-light scattering: no perspective (at the moment) to get a “rigorous” estimate,
• Nonetheless, an error of 4 10-10 is most likely conservative
• It leaves margin to improvement by a factor 2-3 on the present error
• More effort on R (at higher energy in particular) is justified
• As well as another round of g-2 experiment at Brookhaven!!
• The result may have fundamental implications on the planning of the next HE machine, beyond the LHC, with very low cost !
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DAFNE04. June 9, 2004 L. Maiani. Views on Flavour Phyisics 9
Unitarity of the weak mixing matrix
•Superallowed beta transitions in I=1, 0+ nuclei•Neutron beta decay:
•Contribution of Vub is negligible•Cabibbo unitarity leads to the prediction :
Gino IsidoriWorkshop on the CKM Unitarity Triangle, IPPP Durham, April 2003arXiv:hep-ph/0311044, Nov 2003.
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DAFNE04. June 9, 2004 L. Maiani. Views on Flavour Phyisics 10
KLOE, 2004
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DAFNE04. June 9, 2004 L. Maiani. Views on Flavour Phyisics 11
Hyperon decays: NA48 data!
New!!! KTeV (KLl3):
[(KS)e3]
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DAFNE04. June 9, 2004 L. Maiani. Views on Flavour Phyisics 12
CKM Unitarity (conclusions)
• Isospin and SU(3) breaking seems to be under control with Chiral Perturbation Theory;
• There is still some margin for improvement, to 0.1% errors (?)
• A remarkable achievement.
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DAFNE04. June 9, 2004 L. Maiani. Views on Flavour Phyisics 13
Exotic Baryon States
T. Nakano et al.. hep-ex/0301020 Jul 2003 Evidence for Narrow S=+1 Baryon Resonance in Photo-production from Neutron
V.V. Barmina et al.. hep-ex/0304040 Sep 2003 Observation of a baryon resonance with positive strangeness in K+ collisions with Xe nuclei.
S. Stepanyan et al. hep-ex/0307018. Dec 2003Observation of an Exotic S = +1 Baryon in Exclusive Photoproduction from the Deuteron
NA49 Collaboration hep-ex/0310014 Oct 2003Observation of an Exotic S = -2, Q = -2 Baryon Resonance in Proton-Proton Collisions at the CERN SPS
+
- -
Spring-8, JP
ITEP(RS)LNF(IT)
Jeff. Lab, US
CERN
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DAFNE04. June 9, 2004 L. Maiani. Views on Flavour Phyisics 14
+ was predicted in Skyrmion model (SU3 decuplet)…what about quark model?Bound-diquark idea revisited by Jaffe & Wilczeck[qq]
is a boson![qq]+[qq] are in L=1 (at short distance they remember of fermionic constituents)
[qq]+[qq]+q-bar= )2/1J,810,0(q]qq[]qq[ Pflavourcolour
)0spin,3,3(]qq[ flavourcolour21
Bound diquarks [qq]?
Roper resonance ?
Are there mesons ?flavour
)18(]qq][qq[
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DAFNE04. June 9, 2004 L. Maiani. Views on Flavour Phyisics 15
-The a(980)I=1 and f(980)I=0 fit very well in the diquark picture
A fresh look at the light scalar mesons
])ds][sd[]us][su([2
1f];ds][su[a
- almost degenerate (m= 10-20 MeV) - a(980) decays in states with one strange quark pair ();To complete 8+1 we need:
The first is (480), claimed by many groups, seen well by KLOE in fWith (480) and a(980) we find (quadratic masses) m~770 MeV. The kappa is missing for the moment. A strange particle like this has been claimed.... it badly needs confirmation.
]us][ud[];du][ud[ 0
Antisymmetric diquark explains inverted properties w.r.t. vector mesons: the isolated I=0 is the lightest state and likes to decay in !.
Work in progress (L.M., A. Polosa, F. Piccinini, V. Riquer)
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DAFNE04. June 9, 2004 L. Maiani. Views on Flavour Phyisics 16
M=
Study of the Decay with the KLOE DetectorThe KLOE CollaborationarXiv:hep-ex/0204013 Apr 2002
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DAFNE04. June 9, 2004 L. Maiani. Views on Flavour Phyisics 17
However, from time to time :
The potential barrier becomes finite (if it exists at all!) and tunneling towards an outgoing pair of qqbar mesons is possible.The swich is described by a single amplitude, A.
For (480), and a(980), with A= 2.6 GeV, we find:345MeV, a= 43MeV,.....not too bad!
The switch amplitude brings
which is below threshold. Rescattering can bring to .
scalar meson decays
.glsin.col.glsin.col )du()ss(]ds][su[
Diquarks are color triplets, they cannot be separated!
K*f(980)
K
K-bar
Switch amplitude makes contact with K-Kbar molecule, but physics is different !
...KK...])sd)(ds()su)(us[(2
1])ds][sd[]us][su([
2
1f
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DAFNE04. June 9, 2004 L. Maiani. Views on Flavour Phyisics 18
Hidden charm:
charmonium octet(??)+singlet . Possible decays:
Open charm:
Really spectacular signatures.
Heavy flavours
KK,)DD()0I(f
)1I(a
?thresholdbelowc
cc
MD63]qq][cq[
18]qc][cq[
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DAFNE04. June 9, 2004 L. Maiani. Views on Flavour Phyisics 19
states (conclusions)
• Many open questions on scalar low energy mesons:• Consistent widths
• Can we obtain a consistent picture of Scalar + • To clarify the issue of themay be very useful
• Search of the• Narrow states are seen by BABAR, CLEO and BELLE in charm
containing hadrons: similar explanations?
• Other exotic states have been considered in the past:– Gluon balls
– Hybrid (gluons +quarks)
– qq-qbar qbar
• A rich spectroscopy at low energy, to be tested in heavy flavour systems.
]qq][qq[
Singlets are very difficult
No real motivation
Exotic baryons exist. Good signals:octets, inverted spectrum, ..
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DAFNE04. June 9, 2004 L. Maiani. Views on Flavour Phyisics 20
•In a way, it is a trivial question…CERN’s future is the LHC:–Commissioning 2007;
–Physics: 2007- 2022 (at least);
–Consolidation programme
–Luminosity upgrade can prolong LHC lifetime and extend its discovery potential by 15-30% in mass;
–Energy upgrading rather costly and further in the future, as it requires the development of new high field magnets (Nb3Sn?15 Tesla ? ).
}Some resources available in CERN plan.
•However:–Important HEP physics problems and corresponding scientific communities are not addressed by the LHC–Diversification is needed–e+ e - Linear Collider (subTeV): TESLA/NLC/JLC ?–Discussion must start now
Views for the Future of CERNSymposium to celebrate the discoveries of Neutral Currents (1973) and of W&Z (1983)CERN, Geneva, September 16, 2003
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DAFNE04. June 9, 2004 L. Maiani. Views on Flavour Phyisics 21
Flavour Physics: why continue?
• Flavour Physics is very well (surprisingly!) alive• Time is ripe to decide how to continue: high luminosity at ,
charm, B-factories?• This Conference is timely and important: we need to know more
and better.• My personal view:
– The LHC is coming soon, but the next HEP machine is not behind the corner;
– keeping intermediate scale projects is important;– Flavour and neutrino physics projects have just the right size....– And a very, very rich physics.
GO FOR IT !