PROBIOTICS IN POULTRY NUTRITION

__________________________

Cost or opportunity?

Baromfi Congress – Budapest 1° Oct 2013

Luca Vandi Poultry Tech Manager EMA

Biomin GmbH

Probiotics in poultry nutrition: cost or opportunity? BAROMFI CONGRESS 2013

MANY TIMES PROBIOTICS FAIL TO GIVE A RELIABLE RESPONSE IN THE BIRDS – WHY?

USE OF SINGLE-STRAIN PROBIOTICS COLONIZATION OF JUST A PART OF THE GIT

USE OF NOT SPECIE-SPECIFIC STRAINS • SLOWER REPLICATION • QUICK ELIMINATION (ONCE

REGULAR CONSUMPTION OF THE PROBIOTIC HAS CEASED) – Tannock, 2001

WRONG POSITIONING GROWTH PROMOTION??

SO… IN ORDER TO OBTAIN A RELIABLE REPLY FROM THE HOST A PROBIOTIC SHOULD BE

MULTI- STRAIN

• COLONIZATION OF THE WHOLE GIT TRACT

SPECIE- SPECIFIC

(selected by the gut of the bird)

• FASTER MULTIPLICATION • LOW ELIMINATION

WELL POSITIONED

• IMMUNOMODULATION • COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION

LESS PATHOGEN PASSAGE INTO THE BLOOD STREAM

PROMOTION OF A NON IMMUNOLOGIC GUT DEFENSE BARRIER

EFFICIENCY RELIABILITY R.O.I.

Probiotics in poultry nutrition: cost or opportunity? BAROMFI CONGRESS 2013

Single strains of PoultryStar® inhibit pathogenic bacteria

Enhancing effects through combination of strains

PS® PS®

PS®

PS® PS® PS®

PS®

Probiotics in poultry nutrition: cost or opportunity? BAROMFI CONGRESS 2013

PROBIOTICS’ M.O.A.

Immunity enhancement

Improvement of the intestine’s immunologic barrier (Isolauri et al., 2001)

Alleviation of intestinal inflammatory response (Isolauri et al., 2001)

Gut stabilizing effect (Isolauri et al., 2001)

(through balance control of proinflammatory and antiinflammatory Cytokines) (Isolauri et al., 2001)

Heterophils stimulation (Farnell et al., 2006)

Competitive exclusion

Promotion of a nonimmunologic gut defense barrier (Isolauri et al., 2001)

Normalization of increased intestinal permeability and altered gut microecology (Isolauri et al., 2001)

Probiotics in poultry nutrition: cost or opportunity? BAROMFI CONGRESS 2013

Probiotics – Non immunological barrier formation

Adapted Ng et al., (2009)

Probiotics – Immune response modulation

Adapted Bron et al., (2011)

IL 10

IL 10 Copyright © BIOMIN GmbH

Probiotics – Anti-inflammatory effect

Different steps…

Probiotics – selection criteria

ISOLATION OF BACTERIAL STRAINS

• Isolation out of the chicken gut • Diff. selective and non-selective media • Diff. conditions (aerobic, fac. anaerobic,

anaerobic)

CHARACTERISATION OF BACTERIAL STRAINS

• Physiologica and biochemical • Cultural-morphological • Molecular biological

EVALUATION OF STRAINS

• Pathogen inhibition • Adhesion to intestinal cell wall • Met. end products, stability, safety

status

• From poultry to poultry

• Chosen from different parts of the GIT.

Species Origin

Enterococcus faecium Jejunum

Bifidobacterium animalis Ileum

Lactobacillus salivarius Cecum

Probiotics – different strains growing in different GIT tracts

THE TRIALS

Probiotics in poultry nutrition: cost or opportunity? BAROMFI CONGRESS 2013

B.C.O. (Bacteria Chondronecrosis Osteomyelitis) LAMENESS

Worldwide surveys indicate the wide spread of lameness.

Studies in Europe show high level of lameness in broilers with 14-30% of the birds with lameness score >3 (Sanotra et al., 2003).

High prevalence rates up to 27.6% (UK- Knowles et al., 2008)

80% of the cases were attributed to BCO (Bacterial Chondronecrosis and Osteomyelitis) - 5% mortality.

10-15% of normal broilers suffer from subclinical BCO and the condition started to appear in younger birds (Thorp et al., 1993).

ECONOMICAL LOSSES!

Probiotics in poultry nutrition: cost or opportunity? BAROMFI CONGRESS 2013

Rapid growth rate Disruption of GIT barrier

Joint trauma ex. Rough handling

Immunosuppression ex. Mycotoxins, IBD,

MD

Inability of immune cells to reach the

infection site

Bone and joint infections

Micro- fractures

dysbacteriosis

BCO

Bacteraemia

Effect of PoultryStar® on incidence of BCO and lameness in commercial

broilers reared on wire flooring University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Poultry

Environmental Research Lab Poultry Research Farm, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA

Prof. R.F. Wideman, Jr., Ph.D.

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Wideman et al. (2012) A wire-flooring model for inducing lameness in broilers: Evaluation of probiotics as a prophylactic treatment, Poultry Science 91: 870 – 883

Trial design:

4 independent experiments

Location: Poultry Environmental Research Lab at the University of Arkansas Poultry Research Farm

Wire flooring model for inducing lameness in broilers

Lameness trials - University of Arkansas, USA

Table: incidence % of lameness in broilers from two lines (C or D) that were fed control broiler starter feed (Control Feed) or the same feed containing PoultryStar® (Probiotic) while being reared on wood shavings litter or wire flooring from 1 through 56 days of age.

a,b Values with different superscripts differed significantly at P < 0.05 using repeated Z-tests (SigmaPlot) to compare proportions.

Experiment Line Gender Control Feed +

Wood Shavings

Total Lame

Control Feed +

Wire Flooring

Total Lame

PoultryStar® +

Wire Flooring

Total Lame

1 C M & F 12% b 68%a 36%b

2 D M & F 8%b 28%a 8%b

3 D M 2%b 22%a 10%ab

4 D M - 32%a 18%b

Summary Results Exp 1-4

Lameness trials - University of Arkansas, US

Effect of PoultryStar®

on amelioration of acute phase inflammation

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Purdue University

(USA) Department of Animal Sciences

Trial design:

4 groups, 192 male broilers (8 replicates per group),

injection of bacterial lipopolysaccharides (LPS)

Negative control: no additive

Positive control: LPS challenged (on days 14, 16, 18 & 20)

Pair-fed group: non-challenged, pair-fed to the positive control

PoultryStar® : microencapsulated, 2.0 x 108 CFU/kg of feed + LPS challenged

Amelioration of acute phase inflammation Purdue University (USA)

Feed intake 2, 4 and 6 days after LPS challenge

Amelioration of acute phase inflammation Purdue University (USA)

Results -

Body weight gain from 14 (first day of LPS challenge) to 21 days

Amelioration of acute phase inflammation Purdue University (USA)

Results -

Effect of PoultryStar®

on Clostridium perfringens-induced Necrotic Enteritis

Ghent University (Belgium)

Faculty of Veterinary Medicine

Department of Pathology Bacteriology and Avian Diseases

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M. Mohnl, F. Van Immerseel, R. Ducatelle2, G. Schatzmayr (2010) Inhibition of Clostridium Perfringens through Probiotic Strains and

Efficacy of Multispecies Probiotic to Reduce Necrotic Enteritis in Poultry, XIIIth European Poultry Conference, Tours. France, 23-27 August 2010,

Book of Abstracts, p. 254, oral presentation

Trial design Animals: day-old broiler chicks (mixed-sex; Ross) 3 groups, 90 birds, randomly assigend

Negative control: uninfected, untreated

Positive control: infected, untreated

NC + PoultryStar® me: infected, 1 kg/ton of feed

Feeding programm:

Starter: day 1 to 8, wheat/rye and soybean based Grower: day 9 to 16, wheat/rye and soybean based Grower: from day 17, soybean meal was replaced by fishmeal

Development of N.E. - Ghent University (Belgium)

Trial design

• Gumboro vaccination on day 16

• Oral challenge (3 times a day) of infected groups with C. perfringens 56 (type A strain which carries netB; no beta-2 or enterotoxin genes) at days 17, 18, 19 and 20

• Oral gavage with a ten-fold dose of vaccinal Eimeria oocysts (Paracox-5) at day 18

• At days 22, 23, and 24, ten birds from each group were euthanized and intestinal lesions in the small intestine (duodenum to ileum) were scored

Development of N.E. - Ghent University (Belgium)

Intestinal lesion scoring

0: no gross lesions 1: congested intestinal mucosa 2: small focal necrosis or ulceration (1 - 5 foci) 3: focal necrosis or ulceration (5 - 16 foci) 4: focal necrosis or ulceration (16 or more foci) 5: patches of necrosis 2 - 3 cm long 6: diffuse necrosis typical of field cases

Lesion scores of 2 or more were classified as necrotic enteritis positive. The statistical analysis was carried out for the 3 sampling days (total) by the means of multivariable logistic regression.

Development of N.E. - Ghent University (Belgium)

Number of birds with NE lesions per sampling day

Results

Development of N.E. - Ghent University (Belgium)

APPLICATION OF PROBIOTICS

Probiotics in poultry nutrition: cost or opportunity? BAROMFI CONGRESS 2013

Naturally ahead

21 days 42 days 1 day

Day 1: Marek IB NDV Coccidiosis?

Day 14: IBDV (1-2?)

Day 18: IB variant NDV

10 days

FEED APPLICATION PoultryStar® ME (1 kg/ton)

FEED CHANGE

FEED CHANGE

PoultryStar® ME (500 g/ton)

IN CASE OF SEVERE

LAMENESS

COMP. EXCLUSION

Probiotics in poultry nutrition: cost or opportunity? BAROMFI CONGRESS 2013

PoultryStar® ME (500 g/ton)

YES

Antibiotics - Probiotics compatibility?

(Ouwehand et al. 2000; Rachmilewitz et al. 2004; Katakura et al. 2005; Lorenzoni et al., 2012 Rehman et al., 2012).

Antibiotics - Probiotics compatibility?

Naturally ahead

TAKE-HOME MESSAGES • Probiotics can enhance immunity

• Probiotics can create a non immune defensive barrier in the GIT

• Multi-specie probiotics are more efficient than single-strain ones (they can colonize the whole GIT)

• Specie-specific probiotics can colonize better the GIT and stay longer in the GIT after stopping the administration

• Multi-specie, specie-specific probiotics can give a benefit in terms of BCO lameness reduction

Acute-phase inflammation modulation, N.E. reduction

Probiotics in poultry nutrition: cost or opportunity? BAROMFI CONGRESS 2013

PoultryStar®

Healthy gut - Strong chick!

• Poultry specific Out of poultry for poultry

• Multi-species

• Synbiotic Synergistic combination of probiotics and prebiotics

PoultryStar® is…

• Microencapsulated Heat-stable, strain-tailored microencapsulation

• Scientifically proven benefits

Worldwide R&D cooperation

Enterococcus faecium 60%

Bifidobacterium animalis 30%

Lactobacillus salivarius 10%

PoultryStar® ME - feed application

Can be pelleted up to temperatures of 85°C x 20 sec

Packaging: 25 kg corrugated cartons with polyethylene inlet

Contains 2x108 CFU/g

Dosage: 0.5 - 1 kg/ton of feed

PoultryStar® - Healthy gut, strong chick!

Origin chicken intestine ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Inhibition of pathogens ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Adhesion to intestinal cell walls ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Acidification of gut (lactic acid:1, acetic acid: 2) ✓ 1 ✓1,2 ✓1 ✓

Production of antimicrobial sustances ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Stability (storage, bile salts, acids) ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

Safety ✓ ✓ ✓ ✓

PoultryStar® - Healthy gut, strong chick! P

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PoultryStar® - Healthy gut, strong chick!

So… Probiotics can be just a cost or an opprtunity?

CATCH IT!!