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CCI Foundation 2018 Summer Conference

June 6, 2018

LAND USE PLANNING FOR

WILDFIRE RESILIENCE

OVERVIEW

�Planning for Hazards: Land Use Solutions for Colorado Logan Sand, Colorado Dept. of Local Affairs

�Process, Approaches, and Land Use Policies & Strategies Molly Mowery, Wildfire Planning International

�Creating Wildfire Resilient Communities Jim Curnutte, Summit County

�Q & A

8.6 million by 2050 // Fastest growth between now and 2025

WILDFIRES IN COLORADO

� Increasing population in the WUI

� History and relationship to other hazards

� Wildfires are getting BIGGER and more

intense

� Lasting L O N G E R

� Costs are increasing (suppression and insurance) and more homes are burning

� Climate and insect infestation

Source: Colorado State Forest Service

ASSESS CONDITIONS/RISK

� What wildfire dangers exist in the community?

� What are our community assets?

� Where are our vulnerable populations?

� What are the impacts of a wildfire event on our community?

� Where are the most hazardous areas?

� What are our capabilities?

�What can we do to reduce risk?

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IMPLICATIONS FOR COLORADO

� Colorado’s growth and climate trends require smart land use planning

� Consider a Planning for Hazards approach

� Avoidance

� Prevent development in hazardous areas

� Direct future growth to safer areas

� Strengthen existing development in hazardous areas

Overview of the Comprehensive Plan Tool

CONTENT:

� Introduction and Summary

� Planning Framework

� Hazard Identification and Risk Assessment

� Planning Tools and Strategies

� Model Code Language

� Moving Forward

� Appendix – Hazards in Colorado

www.planningforhazards.com

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PLANNING TOOL PROFILES - WILDFIRE

Geologic Hazard Tools Model Code Available

� Comprehensive Plan

� Climate Plan

� Community Wildfire Protection Plan

� Hazard Mitigation Plan

� Parks and Open Space Plan

� Pre-Disaster Planning

� Community Rating System

� Density Bonus

� Development Agreement

� Transfer of Development Rights

� 1041 Regulations

� Cluster Subdivision

� Conservation Easement

� Land Acquisition

� Overlay Zoning

� Stream Buffers and Setbacks

� Low-Impact Development and Stormwater Management BMPs

� Site-Specific Assessment

� Subdivision and Site Design Standards

� Use-Specific Standards

� Building Code

� Critical Infrastructure Protection

� Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Code

� Application Submittal Requirements

� Post-Disaster Building Moratorium

� Resilience Planning

� Capital Improvement Plan

Thank You

Logan SandRecovery and Resilience Planner

Colorado Department of Local Affairs

[email protected]

www.PlanningforHazards.com

LAND USE PLANNING TOOLS AND

STRATEGIESMOLLY MOWERY, AICP

WILDFIRE PLANNING INTERNATIONAL

Community Planning Assistance for Wildfire WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE (WUI)

Image credit: Molly Mowery, Google Earth (top right)

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Image credit: University of Wisconsin-Madison

WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE (WUI)

Image credit: University of Wisconsin-Madison

Image credit: Molly Mowery; MT DNRC (top right)

COMMON WUI PLANNING TOOLS

� Comprehensive Plan

� Subdivision and Site Design Standards

� Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Code

COMPREHENSIVE

PLAN

� Establishes long term process for WUI

� Provides background information on hazards

�Connects to other planning and regulatory activities

� Engages stakeholders in local values

Image Credits: WPI

Image credit: Molly Mowery

GROWTH MANAGEMENT

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Image credit: Larry Abramson

“GOOD” AND “BAD” FIRE POLICY OPTIONS FOR ALL SCALES

Community/

District

Building

/Lot

Subdivision/

Neighborhood

POLICIES FOR NEW VS. EXISTING

DEVELOPMENT


SUBDIVISION AND SITE DESIGN STANDARDS


� Regulatory tool for new development

�Directs development to low hazard areas

� Focuses on fire protection standards

WATER SUPPLY

Image credit http://www.grundycountyherald.com

ACCESS – EVACUATION ROUTES

Image credit: https://www.cnn.com

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ACCESS – ROAD STANDARDS

Image credit: https://www.knoxnews.com

ACCESS – VEGETATION MANAGEMENT


ACCESS - SIGNAGE


INFRASTRUCTURE/ UTILITIES

Image credit: South Carolina Forestry

MINIMUM SETBACKS

Image credit: National Interagency Fire Center

WUI CODES

� Regulatory tool for new and existing development

� Similar to Subdivision Regulations

� Includes requirements for building, landscaping, hazardous land uses

Image Credits: WPI

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Image credit: Lolo National Forest

STRUCTURAL REQUIREMENTS

Image credit: Kelly Johnston, WPS

LANDSCAPING REQUIREMENTS

Image credit: Kelly Johnston, WPS

REGULATION OF HAZARDOUS USES

SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION

� Identify local hazard conditions

� Engage developer/ property owner

� Mitigate actual threat

� Consider other factors (screening, constraints)

� Utilize professional expertiseImage Credits: WPI


RESOURCES www.planningforwildf ire .org

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CONTACT INFORMATION

Molly Mowery, AICP

Wildfire Planning International

[email protected]

www.wildfireplanning.com

303-358-9589CREATING WILDFIRE

RESILIENT COMMUNITIES

Wildfire and Land Use Planning Tools in Summit County

Jim Curnutte, AICPSummit County

SUMMIT COUNTY, COLORADO

• Year-round recreation and tourism. Home to Breckenridge, Copper Mountain, Keystone and A-Basin ski areas

• 80% of the land area in Summit County is National Forest System Lands, primarily a Lodgepole Pine monoculture

• Significant development activity, many second homes

WILDFIRES IN SUMMIT COUNTY

Keystone Gulch Fire (2011)

Area Burned: 16 Acres

Ophir Mountain Fire (2005)Above Summit High School

Area Burned: 15 acres


Brush Creek FIre (2015) 230 Acres Burned

Frey Gulch Fire AKA Landfill FIre (2016) 22 Acres Burned


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Peak 2 Fire (2017) 85 Acres Burned Tenderfoot 2 Fire (2017) ~26 Acres Burned

PLANNING FOR WILDFIRES

TOOL BELT

Master Plans:• Community Wildfire Protection Plan• Comprehensive Plan & Basin Master Plans• Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan• Open Space Protection Plan

Land Protection Strategies: • Land Acquisition • Conservation Easements• Transfer of Development Rights

Development Standards & Regs:• Building Codes •Zoning Regulations• Subdivision & Site Design Standards

Community Involvement:• Summit County Wildfire Council• Funding through Grants and Property Taxes• Chipping Program• Public Education

MASTER PLANS

• Community Wildfire Protection Plan• Comprehensive Plan & Basin Master Plans• Multi-Hazard Mitigation Plan• Open Space Protection Plan

• Land Acquisition• Conservation Easements• Transfer of Development Rights

• Summit County Wildfire Council• Funding through Grants and Property Taxes• Chipping Program• Public Education

• Building Codes • Zoning Regulations• Subdivision & Site Design Standards

MASTER PLANNING

▪ Planning Department Master Plans

• Countywide Comprehensive Plan, Basin Master Plans, Sub-basin Master Plans, Neighborhood Plans

▪ Community Wildfire Protection Plan

▪ Multi-hazard Mitigation Plan

▪ Open Space Protection Plan

COMMUNITY WILDFIRE

PROTECTION PLAN (CWPP)

▪ Used by Summit County Wildfire Council to direct funding and resources

▪ Identifies 27 focus areas for targeted hazardous fuel reduction efforts

▪ Has facilitated the funding of improvements related to wildfire hazard mitigation

• Improved signage, emergency access, cisterns

LAND PRESERVATION STRATEGIES





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TRANSFER OF DEVELOPMENT RIGHTS

(TDR PROGRAM)❖Allows density to be transferred

from hazard-prone areas to sites more suitable for development

❖Originally created to protect backcountry character, expanded to protect wetlands on platted lots in subdivisions

❖Since its inception in 2000, approximately 100 development rights have been moved,

protected approximately 1,700 acres of land.

DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS & REGULATIONS



• Building Codes •Zoning Regulations• Subdivision & Site Design Standards


Chapter 45

BUILDING CODE

Soffit Vent Openings (Max. 3/16 in.)

Sprinkler Systems for all structures ≥6,000 sq. ft.

❖ Fire Hazard Mitigation Requirement for New Construction

❖ Adoption of Fire Hazard Mitigation requirements to protect residences from wildfire in the WUI

❖ Plan review and inspection process to verify compliance

Class A Roofing

DEFENSIBLE SPACE

Chapter 3: Zoning Regulations

LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT CODE

Rezoning Policies:#3202.05: Wildfire Hazard Areas

“In determining appropriate densities for a particular property, the BOCC will take into account 1) the wildfire hazard; 2) the potential impact to the public health, safety and welfare; 3) wildfire mitigation measures as required and/or allowed by the County; and 4) the proximity of the proposed development site to existing fire stations and the corresponding response zone and its inclusion in a designated fire protection district.”

#3505.17: Wall and Fence Design: “five (5) lineal feet of non-combustible material within 10-feet of any structure. Compliance shall be verified as part of any required defensible space inspection.”

#3604: Mandatory Landscape Design Standards“Shredded rubber, pine needles and shredded western red cedar are prohibited within 5 feet of any structure...”

#3815.02: Firewood Storage, “Firewood shall not be stored in unenclosed spaces beneath buildings or structures, or on decks or under eves…from May 1st until November 1st…”

LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT CODEChapter 8: Subdivision Regulations

#8101: Required Fire Protection Improvements

“As a condition of approval of any subdivision, the subdivider shall be required to provide the following improvements related to fire protection:A. Water sources for firefighting…B. Fire hydrantsC. Access meeting the applicable provisions of

the Fire CodeD. Fuel Reduction/Forest Management Plans…as

identified in the CWPP

CC&R’s require ongoing forest management, fuels reduction, and defensible space maintenance

#8154: Lots and Blocks Design Criteria

#4. All proposed lots shall be designed to accommodate the fire mitigation prescriptions for Zone One and Two defensible space within the proposed lot boundaries to the maximum extent feasible.

Subdivision Regulations

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COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT





SUMMIT COUNTY WILDFIRE COUNCIL

The Summit County Wildfire Council was created in 2006 and meets quarterly.

The Council works to mitigate wildfire risk in Summit County, through implementation of the summit County Community Wildfire Protection Plan.

The council also administers community wildfire grants that help residents and property owners reduce wildfire risk.

In 2008 Summit County voters passed Referred Measure 1-A which is a property tax levy that provides funding for the following:

•Open Space Acquisition

•Energy Efficiency Measures

•Affordable Housing

•Wildfire Protection

Referred Measure 1-A

INNOVATIVE FUNDING $$$

■ Hazardous Fuel Reduction Grant Program

■ CWPP Grant Program

■ Chipping Program

■ Public Education Outreach

FUNDING FOR HAZARDOUS FUEL REDUCTION

& CWPP GRANT PROGRAMS

CHIPPING PROGRAM

❖Property owners clear slash on private property and the Chipping Program hauls it away for free.

❖Example of community buy-in to address hazards.

PUBLIC OUTREACH AND EDUCATION

❖ Presentations to professional organizations, community groups, and HOAs

❖ Booths at Farmers Markets and Wildfire mitigation fairs

❖ Ads at movie theaters, radio and TV stations, and on County busses

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PUBLIC OUTREACH AND EDUCATION

New in 2018❖ Increased spending on wildfire

prevention campaign➢ Campfire Safety➢ Vehicle Safety (spark arrestors)➢ Fire ban status

❖ SC Alert Subscription Campaign➢ Phone and text alerts

❖ Seasonal wildfire prevention patrol➢ 4 USFS seasonal employees➢ Additional OT for sheriff

Contact Information:

Logan Sand Molly Mowery, AICPDepartment of Local Affairs Wildfire Planning

[email protected] International [email protected]

Jim Curnutte, AICP

Summit [email protected]

THANK YOU!

QUESTIONS?

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