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Datasheet
LTE/LTE-A LibraryAccelerate the Design o Next-Generation Cellular Systems
Highlights
` End-to-end physical layer
(baseband) simulation model` Supports the design o 3GPP LTE
Rel.8 and Rel.10 standard-based
products
` Conorms to current standards or
3GPP LTE/LTE-A
` Verifed against Rohde & Schwarz
signal generators
` Includes ideal and non-ideal
receivers to serve as reerence
models
` Provides several LTE system testbenches or throughput analysis
` Enables automated confguration o
Rohde & Schwarz signal generators
` Provides all models in hierarchical
block diagrams
` Source code available or lea-level
blocks
` Enables co-simulation o C, C++,
HDL, and/or MATLAB blocks in a
single simulation process
LTE/LTE-A Physical Layer Simulation Library
The LTE/LTE-A Physical Layer Simulation Library is a set o ready-to-use simulation
systems providing an executable specifcation o the 3 GPP standard. Being verifedagainst Rohde & Schwarz signal generators, it provides unmatched increase in
productivity or wireless physical layer system design.
Use cases include network operators investigating the system perormance both
or scenarios specifed in the standard as well as in corner cases relevant to
optimizing network perormance and cost. For basestation design teams as well as
handset modem design teams, the LTE/LTE-A library provides a reerence model
or validation o their specifcations. The source code provides very valuable insight
into the standards defnition, which may otherwise require months o perusing the
written standards documents. The source code can also be used as a starting point
or todays mostly processor-based implementation o wireless systems.
The reerence models support both FDD and TDD modes and provide both
ideal receivers (with perect knowledge o the channel) and non-ideal receivers
(which must estimate the channel characteristics). The ideal receiver provides
the best achievable perormance or comparison against real, non-ideal receiver
implementations.
The LTE/LTE-A Physical Layer Simulation Library is organized into specifc
regression testbenches which mirror the tests specifed in the standards reerence
documents. The user can immediately run these regressions and easily modiy
system parameters o interest in order to study perormance impact in any scenario.
By replacing or modiying blocks or subsystems, the user can quickly adapt the
reerence model to the specifc implementation or their end product. The ability
to efciently deploy compute arms directly rom the development environment
provides wireless designers using the LTE/LTE-A library with unmatched exploration
opportunities resulting in improved product perormance within their time-to-market
window.
The LTE/LTE-A Physical Layer Simulation Library can be used or block-level
verifcation o hardware and sotware components. HDL co-simulation as well as
target code simulation--either on the host or using an Instruction Set Simulator (ISS)
or the target processor--enables the use o the library as a verifcation environment.
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LTE/LTE-A Library 2
The LTE/LTE-A Physical Layer
Simulation Library is validated against
Rohde & Schwarz signal generators and
available reerences rom the standard
test equipment as well as with lead
customers.
The LTE/LTE-A Physical Layer
Simulation Library is available or SPW
and System Studio.
Overview
The LTE/LTE-A library supports
downlink, uplink and cell search,
random access and sounding reerence
signal models.
It also contains specifc channel models
that are specifed in the standard. All
models support the ull range o MIMO
confgurations in the standard and
can be extended easily to experiment
with other confgurations by the user.
Synopsys continues to update the
library as the standard evolves.
LTE Version
` Supports the design o 3GPP LTE
products
` Supports both FDD and TDD modes
` Conorms to 3GPP/TS 36.101 v10,
36.104 v10, 36.211 v10, 36.212 v10,
36.213 v10 and 36.214 v10
LTE-A Rel.10 Downlink Channel
The LTE Advanced (LTE-A) Downlink
Channel system is a complete end-to-
end baseband model or simulating
communications between one
eNodeB and one UE using UE-specifc
demodulation reerence signals (DM-RS)
according to the 3GPP Release
10 specifcations.
The transmitter generates the same
signals and channels as the Release 8
Downlink Channel system but adds a
DM-RS channel on selected Resource
Blocks and CSI-RS signals on certain
subrames as specifed by system
parameters. The system supports two
data streams and up to 8 antennas in
both FDD and TDD mode.
The system includes three types o
downlink reerence signals:
1. Cell-specifc reerence signals (CRS)
2. UE-specifc reerence signals (DM-
RS)
3. CSI reerence signals (CSI-RS)
The CRS can be set to use 1,2 or 4
antenna ports, while the DM-RS andCSI-RS supports using 1 to 8 antenna
ports. DM-RS supports both FDD and
TDD, including TDD special subrame
cases. CSI-RS can be generated
according to all possible CSI reerence
signal and subrame confgurations.
The system has an ideal receiver or
demodulating and decoding data
symbols embedded with DM-RS.
In addition to the models included in
the LTE Rel.8 Downlink channel, the
ollowing models are included:
Transmitter Models (Data)
` DM-RS generation
` DM-RS mapping
` CSI-RS generation
` CSI-RS insertion
Receiver Models (Data)
` DM-RS demapping
LTE-A Rel.10 Downlink Channel
Carrier Aggregation
This system takes the LTE-A Rel.10
Downlink Channel system and adds
a second component carrier. The two
component carriers can be contiguous
or non-contiguous and have the same or
dierent bandwidths.
LTE-A Rel.10 Uplink Channel
The LTE Advanced Uplink Channel
system is a complete end-to-end
baseband model or simulating
communications between one UE and
one eNodeB using multi-layer, spatial
multiplexed MIMO signals.
Additions to the transmitter over the LTE
release 8 Uplink Channel are:
` Support or 2 code words
` Layer mapping
` Multi-layer reerence signal generation
` 1, 2, or 4 transmit antennas
Additions to the receiver include:
` Full MIMO receiver
` Layer demapping
` Support or 2 code word decoding
and ACK/NAK generation
LTE Rel. 8 Downlink Channel
The LTE Downlink Channel system
is a complete end-to-end baseband
model or simulating eNodeB to UE
communication. While many aspects
o the LTE Downlink can easily be
simulated using this system, the system
is pre-confgured to veriy the PDSCH
receiver perormance requirements
in 3GPP TS 36.101 section 8.2 and
the PDCCH, PCFICH receiver tests in
section 8.4, 8.5 and 8.6.
The system includes a complete PDSCH
transmitter with control channels and
an ideal receiver supporting both spatial
multiplexing and transmit diversity
with up to our antennas. It includes a
ull end-to-end model o the PDSCH
including the Hybrid ARQ (HARQ)
protocol, channel coding and decoding
or either one or two simultaneous
data streams.
The downlink system also includes
all the control channels including the
Physical Downlink Control Channel
(PDCCH), the Physical Control Format
Indicator Channel (PCFICH), the PhysicalHybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH),
the Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)
as well as the Primary Synchronization
Signal (PSS), the Secondary
Synchronization Signal (SSS). All
channel encoding and decoding is
provided or all o the control channels,
as well.
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LTE/LTE-A Library 3
In addition to layer mapping, both
transmitter and receiver supports
precoding, including Cyclic Delay
Diversity (CDD) and codebook lookup
when using spatial multiplexing.
The channel model adheres ully to
the 3GPP LTE standard. In addition
to static propagation it has multi-pathading conditions and includes delay
profles or Extended Vehicular A (EVA),
Extended Pedestrian A (EPA) and
Extended Typical Urban (ETU) modes.
It also has a MIMO channel with low,
medium and high spatial correlation
matrices, confgurable or any number o
transmit and receive antennas. The High
Speed Train (HST) scenario mode is also
supported.
The ideal receiver model can be
confgured as a Zero Forcing (ZF),
Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE),
Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) or
Maximum Likelihood (ML) receiver.
All models support Adaptive Modulation
and Coding (AMC), precoding selection
and rank adaptation during runtime
where both the number o Resource
Blocks; the type o modulation: QPSK,
16-QAM or 64-QAM; the precoding
matrix, and number o layers can
change on a rame-by-rame basis.
Transmitter Models (Data)
` HARQ protocol data generation
` Transport Block CRC
` Code Block Segmentation
` Code Block CRC
` Turbo Coding
` Sub-block Interleaving
` Bit Collection
` Scrambling
` Symbol Modulation
` Layer Mapping
` Precoding
` Frame Formatting (TDD)
` Resource Element Mapping
` OFDM Symbol Generation
` Cyclic Prefx Insertion
Transmitter Models (Control)
` DCI Encoder
` Convolutional Encoder
` Control Bit Collection
` PDCCH Transmitter
` Quadruple Sub-block Interleaver
` PCFICH Transmitter
` PHICH Group Generator
` PHICH Diversity Transmitter
` Control Symbol Mapping
` Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS)
Generator
` Secondary Synchronization Signal
(SSS) Generator
` Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)
Encoder
` Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)
Transmitter
Channel Models
` MIMO
`Arbitrary Spatial Correlation
` Static Propagation
` Multi-path ading (EPA, ETU, EVA)
` High Speed Train
`Antenna Polarization
`Antenna Gain Imbalance
Receiver Models (Data)
` Sub-carrier Extraction
` Ideal Channel Estimation
` Resource Element Demapping
` MIMO Receiver
` Predecoding
` Layer demapping
` Symbol Demodulation
` Descrambling
` Sub-block Deinterleaving` Sot Buer Combining
` Turbo Decoding
`ACK/NACK Signal Generation
` Statistics Collection and Display
Receiver Models (Control)
` Control Channel Demapping
` PCFICH Receiver
` PDCCH Receiver
` DCI Decoder
`Viterbi Decoder` Quadruple Sub-block Deinterleaver
` Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator
Channel (PHICH) Receiver
` Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)
Receiver
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LTE/LTE-A Library 4
Practical LTE Rel.8 Downlink
Channel
This system is similar to the LTE Rel.8
Downlink Channel system except that
is uses a practical channel estimator.
In this system model, the channel
estimates at each sub-carrier or each
combination o transmit to receiver
antenna pairs are generated rom
the received signal alone without
any knowledge o the radio channel
state. The estimates are generated by
extracting the transmit antenna specifc
reerence signals rom the received
antenna signals and dividing by the
actual reerence signal values to give
the channel estimates at the reerence
signal locations. These channel
estimates are then fltered over one subrame using a 2 dimensional separable
flter to produce channel estimates at
all resource element locations. These
channel estimates are then used by the
MIMO receiver to orm an estimate o
the signal rom each transmission layer.
LTE Rel.8 Uplink Channel
The LTE Uplink Channel system is
a complete end-to-end baseband
model or simulating UE to eNodeBtransmission modeling the Physical
Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH).
The LTE Uplink system model is set
up bydeault to run all o the 3GPP
TS 36.104 section 8.2.1 receiver
perormance tests. The LTE Uplink
transmitter includes the ull Hybrid
ARQ (HARQ) protocol, PUSCH channel
encoding, symbol mapping or QPSK,
16-QAM or 64- QAM transmission,
reerence signal generation, transorm
precoding or SC-FDMA baseband
signal generation, and resource
mapping with requency hopping.
The LTE radio channel model included
in the LTE Uplink system model adheres
ully to the 3GPP LTE standard. In
addition to static propagation it has
the multi-path ading conditions and
includes delay profles or Extended
Vehicular A (EVA), Extended Pedestrian
A (EPA) and Extended Typical Urban
(ETU) modes. It also has a MIMO
channel with low, medium and high
spatial correlation matrices, confgurable
or any number o transmit and receive
antennas. The High Speed Train (HST)
scenario mode is supported, as well.
The LTE Uplink receiver is an ideal
receiver which uses knowledge o the
radio channel model state to produce
an ideal channel estimate at each
sub-carrier location rom the transmit
antenna to each receive antenna.
The MIMO receiver uses the channel
estimates to perorm requency domain
equalization o the received signal, using
either the Zero Forcing (ZF) or MinimumMean Squared Error (MMSE) method.
Transorm decoding is applied and the
signal estimate is then demodulated,
decoded and the CRC is checked to
produce the ACK/NAK response to
complete the HARQ protocol.
The LTE Uplink system model is
preconfgured to measure the average
throughput to test compliance with the
requirements o the 3GPP TS 36.104
receiver perormance tests though the
modular and hierarchical nature o the
design allow any aspect o the LTE
Uplink physical channel to be measured
and studied. The hierarchical nature
o the design also allows alternate
receiver implementations to be quickly
implemented and tested and or fnal
implementations in sotware or hardware
to be imported and characterized.
Transmitter Models
HARQ protocol data generation
` Transport Block CRC
` Code Block Segmentation
` Code Block CRC
` Turbo Coding
` Sub-Block Interleaving
` Bit Collection
` Scrambling
` Symbol Modulation
` Transorm Precoding
` Reerence Signal Generation
` Frequency Hopping Pattern
Generation
` Resource Mapping
` SC-FDMA Signal Generation
` Cyclic Prefx Insertion
Radio Channel Model
` MIMO
` Static Propagation
` Multi-path ading (EPA, ETU, EVA)
` High Speed Train
`Arbitrary Spatial Correlation
`Antenna Polarization
`Antenna Gain Imbalance
Receiver Models` Ideal Channel Estimation
` Sub-Carrier Extraction
` Resource Element Demapping
` MIMO Receiver
` Transorm Decoding
` Sot Symbol Demodulation
` Descrambling
` Sub-Block Deinterleaving
` Sot Buer Combining
` Turbo Decoding
`ACK/NAK Generation
` Throughput Calculation
LTE Rel.8 Uplink Control
Channel
The LTE Uplink Control Channel system
is a complete end to end baseband
model or simulating UE to eNodeB
transmission modeling the Physical
Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH).
The LTE Uplink Control system model
can be easily set up to run all o the
tests in 3GPP TS 36.104 section 8.3
perormance requirements or PUCCH.
The LTE Uplink Control transmitter
includes all supported PUCCH ormats,
scrambling, mapping to cyclically
shited sequences and spreading
by orthogonal sequences, insertion
o reerence signals, and resource
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LTE/LTE-A Library 5
mapping to physical resources allocated
or PUCCH.
The LTE radio channel model included
in the LTE Uplink Control system is
identical to one used in LTE
Uplink system.
The LTE Control Uplink receiver is an
ideal receiver which uses knowledgeo the radio channel model state to
produce an ideal channel estimate
at each sub-carrier location rom
the transmit antenna to each receive
antenna. The MIMO receiver uses the
channel estimates and the received
signal to orm an estimate o the
transmitted signal, using the Zero
Forcing (ZF), Minimum Mean Squared
Error (MMSE) or Maximum Likelihood
(ML) method. The signal estimate is
then decoded using known cyclically
shited and orthogonal sequences, and
demodulated to recover the transmitted
control inormation.
The LTE Uplink system model is
confgured to measure the missed
detection probability o transmitted
control inormation (ACK/NACK or CQI)
to test compliance with the requirements
o the 3GPP TS 36.104 receiverperormance tests.
Main LTE PUCCH System Blocks
LTE PUCCH Symbol Transmit
Generate control bits, apply proper
coding and scrambling (when needed)
and modulation to orm the control
symbols that are to be cyclically shited
and orthogonally spread.
LTE PUCCH Cyclic ShiftGenerate the orthogonal sequence
and scrambling sequence used or
spreading o modulated PUCCH
symbols in ormats 1/1a/1b as well
as the orthogonal sequence used or
generation o reerence symbols or all
PUCCH ormats. Additionally, generate
the cyclic shit used to generate the
cyclically shited sequence and fnally
the parameter determining the physical
resource block used or transmission o
PUCCH in a given slot.
LTE PUCCH Symbol Receive
Recover transmitted control bits
by demodulating, decoding and
descrambling (when necessary) the
received control symbols that arerecovered by combining the received
cyclically shited sequences.
Uplink Sounding Reference
Signal
The LTE Uplink Sounding Reerence
Signal system models the transmission
o these Uplink reerence signals used
to acilitate requency dependent
scheduling.
The LTE Sounding Reerence Signal
system uses the cell-specifc parameter
srsSubrameConfguration to support
periodic transmission o SRS over all 15
possible sets o subrames in which SRS
can be sent in a given radio rame.
It also uses cell-specifc parameter
srsBandwidthConfg to select one o
the eight sets o our SRS bandwidths
that can be simultaneously supported in
each possible system bandwidth.
Main LTE SRS System Blocks
LTE SRS Transmit
Generate a ull radio rame containing
the SRS carrying subrames at their
given location.
LTE SRS Length and Index
Generate the length o the SRS vector
and the location index o the SRS
symbols within the allocated resourceblocks.
LTE SRS Receive
Recover the SRS symbols rom the
received radio rame.
LTE Cell Search
The LTE Cell Search reerence system
models the procedure a mobile terminal
must perorm to fnd a cell (i.e. a base
station) to connect to.
During the cell search procedure, the
mobile obtains the physical layer cell
identity as well as the rame timing o
the desired cell in presence o signals
rom interering cells.
The mobile terminal uses the primaryand secondary synchronization signals
(PSS and SSS) to detect the cell ID and
rame timing o the desired cell. The
primary and secondary synchronization
signals are embedded in the middle 72
subcarriers o the sixth and fth OFDM
symbols o the frst slot o subrames
zero and fve, respectively. The PSS is
repeated every 5 ms, while two dierent
SSS sequences are sent over sub
rames zero and fve.
The cell search is done in two phases.
First, the primary synchronization signal
is used to obtain slot synchronization. \
Next, the secondary synchronization
signal is used to obtain ram
synchronization and the cell identity.
The LTE Cell Search system is
comprised o the ollowing main blocks:
LTE Cell ModelThis block represents either the desired
cell or the interering cells and the
channel between these cells and the
mobile terminal.
LTE Slot Timing
During cell search, the mobile terminal
uses P-SCH to estimate the symbol
timing o the desired cell in LTE Slot
Timing block.
LTE Strong Cell
The cell search procedure is required
to be able to detect the desired cell
in presence o two known stronger
interering cells.
LTE Frame Time
Ater symbol timing is detected in
the LTE Slot Time block, the received
signal is then converted into requency
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available at http://www.synopsys.com/copyright.html. All other names mentioned herein are trademarks or registered trademarks o their respective owners.
01/12.RP.CS1225.
domain. In this block, an estimate o
the PSS signal is used as a reerence to
coherently detect the SSS signal, which
is then urther processed to detect the
rame timing o the desired cell.
LTE Random Access Channel
The LTE Random Access reerence
system models the procedure a mobile
terminal must perorm to gain access
and register with a cell (i.e. a base
station). During the random access
procedure, the mobile sends a random
access preamble message to the
base station which, i detected will be
acknowledged by the base station.
The mobile terminal uses the inormation
rom the broadcast channel (PBCH) to
determine the random access channel(RACH) parameters and then selects
a RACH preamble rom a set o cyclic
shits o a base Zado- Chu sequence.
The selected preamble is then sent
during a prescribed RACH transmission
period using 1.25kHz subcarrier
spacing. The base station detects this
preamble and uses this to determine
timing between the mobile and
base station.
The RACH preamble detection is
done using a requency domain
crosscorrelation with the known Zado-
Chu sequence. Detected peaks in the
cross-correlation are examined or
their oset rom possible cyclic shit
locations and this determines the timing
oset. The system measures and
reports the probability o detection and
the probability o alse detection o the
transmitted RACH preamble messages.
The RACH system model supports
preamble ormats 0 to 3 or FDD and
TDD mode operation and also supports
the special preamble ormat 4 or
transmission during the UpPTS section
o the special subrame o a TDD rame.
The LTE Random Access reerence
system is preconfgured to run all
o the 36.104 section 8.4 detection
requirements tests and includes the
ollowing models:
Transmitter Models
` RACH preamble selection
` Zado-Chu sequence generation` Transorm Precoding
` RACH baseband signal generation
` Cyclic Prefx Insertion
` Preamble repeating
`Variable delay oset
Radio Channel Model
` SIMO
`AWGN propagation model
` Multi-path ading (EPA, ETU, EVA)
` High Speed Train`Arbitrary Spatial Correlation
`Antenna Polarization
`Antenna Gain Imbalance
Receiver Models
` Sub-Carrier Extraction
` Frequency domain cross-correlation
with known sequence
`Antenna combining
` Preamble repetition combining
` Peak detection and oset calculation` RACH detection statistics calculation
Customer Focus
Synopsys provides a complete range o
training, support, design methodology
consulting, and integration services.
Technical support requests are
handled directly by experienced design
engineers who are ully amiliar with
the application o Synopsys tools andmethodologies to real-world designs.
Training courses are available at
Synopsys ofces or at the customer site
and can be tailored to meet the specifc
needs o the design team.
For more inormation about the LTE
library, visit us on the web at www.
synopsys.com/dsp, contact your
local sales representative, or call
650.584.5000.
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