LSS UTM Methodology · Create project plan 6. Project Charter. ... Contoh masalah ... Microsoft...

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METHODOLOGY LEAN SIX SIGMA Profesor Madya Dr. Muhamad Zameri b. Mat Saman Dr Norhayati bt Zakuan Dr . Norhayati bt. Zakuan UTM MAY 2015

Transcript of LSS UTM Methodology · Create project plan 6. Project Charter. ... Contoh masalah ... Microsoft...

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METHODOLOGY

LEAN SIX SIGMAProfesor Madya Dr. Muhamad Zameri b. Mat Saman

Dr  Norhayati bt ZakuanDr. Norhayati bt. ZakuanUTM

MAY 2015

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Phase 1: DEFINEPhase 1: DEFINE1. Identify problem & its scope.2. Identify customers/stakeholders3. Define customer requirements = Critical to Quality 

(CTQ) criteria4. Goal & Objectives– Key output to be improved / cost 

b fitbenefits5. Create project plan6 Project Charter6. Project Charter

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1 1 Identify Problem1.1 Identify ProblemDescribe the problem clearlyDescribe the problem clearly

5 W’s (who, what, where, why, when) 2 H’s (how often and how much/many).Review existing dataReview existing dataWhat are the IMPACT  to organization? 

Hi h/ d /lHigh/moderate/low

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Contohmasalah

T d b h d b k i i  Terdapat tren pertambahan aduan berkaitan air teh yang disediakan di Starbucks bulan Sept 2014. Antara aduan yg diterima adalah air teh yang yg y gdisediakan tidak cukup panas, pahit dan lambatImpak: Tinggi kerana menjejaskan imej Starbucks dan boleh mengurangkan hasil jualan keranadan boleh mengurangkan hasil jualan keranakehilangan pelanggan.

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1.2 Identify customers /1.2 Identify customers / stakeholders

Starbucks top management, employees, customerFaculty, students, parents, university administrator?Faculty, students, parents, university administrator?

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1 3 CTQ1.3 CTQMeasure customer requirement and prioritized itExample: Speed of delivery: Speed of delivery: minimize response timeFood quality: Taste  Food quality: Taste, temperature, presentation

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1.4 Goal of the project

Example: Improve response time, taste and temperature

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1 5 Project Plan1.5 Project PlanJan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

DefinePhase

2015Duration Start FinishTASK

Define problemDefine scopeCustomer analysisResponsiblities matrix

Measure PhaseStudy the process flowConduct surveyCollect dataReporting

Analyse Phased ff lCause and effect  analysis

Make improvement planImprove Phase

Quantification of result.Recommendation for improvement

Control PhaseControl PhaseVerifcation of improvementProposed control mechanism 

Final ReportConvention

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Tools for Phase 1 (Define)( )

SIPOCFl  DiFlow DiagramCTQ treeP j  ChProject Charter

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SIPOC – Template 1Supplier: The person/department that provides the input to the Supplier: The person/department that provides the input to the process.Input: material, man, machine, info, etc required for the process.P  A i       f  i    Process: Action necessary to transform input to outputOutput: product (goods / services) being delivered to customer.Customer: The receiver

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CTQ TreeCTQ TreeTo describe the key output characteristicsy pDetermining customer needs requirementsDetermine whether the customer is happy Determine whether the customer is happy with the output deliveredE l  T l  Example: Template 2

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Project CharterA working document – as reference : Template 3

‐ Project title‐ Project type‐ Project description‐ Project purpose‐ Project scope‐ Project objectives‐ CTQs

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Ph 2 MEASURETo understand and document the current state of the processes to be improved

Phase 2: MEASUREp pSteps:

1. Define the current process2. Define the detailed Voice of Customer 

(VOC)3 Define the Voice of the Process and current 3. Define the Voice of the Process and current 

performance (VOP)4. Validate the measurement system5. Define the Cost of Poor Quality

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2.1 Define the current processTo profile the current state. Tools: Process mapping and SIPOC

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2.2 Define VOC

To define customers’ expectations and requirements.Tools: Surveys, interviews, cause and effect diagram

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f2.3 Define VOPTo define critical components of the process To define critical components of the process Tools: Benchmarking, Pareto charts, check sheets

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2.4 Validate the Measurement2.4 Validate the Measurement System

Capturing the correct dataMeasurement system must be stable

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2.5 Define the COPQIdentifies the cost related to poor quality

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Tools for Phase 2: MeasureCheck sheetsHistogramRun chartsScatter diagramsCause and EffectsPareto chartControl chartsFlow process chart

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CC dd Eff t DiEff t DiCauseCause‐‐andand‐‐Effect DiagramEffect DiagramPeople Materials Work Methods

Q lit

PrimaryCause

QualityCharacteristicSecondary Cause

21Figure 4.3 Cause‐and‐Effect Diagram

Equipment MeasurementEnvironment

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The Pareto DiagramThe Pareto DiagramGraph that ranks data classifications in descending order from left to rightg g

Pareto diagrams are used to identify the most important problemsimportant problems

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Constructing a Pareto DiagramConstructing a Pareto DiagramStepsSteps: Template 4: Template 4

1. Determine the method of classifying the data: by problem, cause, type of nonconformity, etc

2. Decide if dollars (best), weighted frequency, or frequency is to be used to rank the characteristics

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3. Collect data for an appropriate time interval

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T   i   h       id  

Phase 3: ANALYZETo examine the current state, provide feedback Pi i t  d  if     ff ti  Pinpoint and verify causes affecting problemSteps:Steps:

1. Develop cause and effect relationshipsD t i   d  lid t   t 2. Determine and validate root causes

3. Develop process capability

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Tools for Phase 3 (Analyze)Process mappingProcess analysisRegression analysis SWOT analysisScatter diagramsWaste analysisTRIZFMEA

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ProcessProcess A l iA l iProcessProcess AnalysisAnalysisIt i     h ti  di  th t  h  th  fl  It i     h ti  di  th t  h  th  fl  It is a schematic diagram that shows the flow It is a schematic diagram that shows the flow of the product or service as it moves through of the product or service as it moves through th   i   i   t ti     tith   i   i   t ti     tithe various processing stations or operationsthe various processing stations or operations

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ProcessProcess AnalysisAnalysis

Serves as a training toolServes as a training tool

U   t d di d U   t d di d  b lb lUses standardized Uses standardized symbolssymbols

Shows unexpected complexity, problem areas, Shows unexpected complexity, problem areas, p p y, p ,p p y, p ,redundancy, unnecessary loops, and where redundancy, unnecessary loops, and where simplification may be possiblesimplification may be possible

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p y pp y p

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PP A l iA l iAll    t  t  All    t  t  id tif  th   l   dd d  d id tif  th   l   dd d  d 

ProcessProcess AnalysisAnalysisAllows a team to Allows a team to identify the value added and identify the value added and non value added activitiesnon value added activities

Improvements Improvements to the process can be to the process can be Improvements Improvements to the process can be to the process can be accomplished by eliminating steps, combining accomplished by eliminating steps, combining steps, or making frequently occurring steps steps, or making frequently occurring steps 

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steps, or making frequently occurring steps steps, or making frequently occurring steps more efficientmore efficient

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ProcessProcess AnalysisAnalysis

Example: Template 5

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Waste AnalysisTo identify possible areas for improvementimprovementIdentifying and eliminating waste th h  ti  i tthrough continuous improvementThe eight wastes were used as a guide g gto identify wasteful activities

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Phase 4: IMPROVETo identify improvement recommendations, design future state, implement pilot projects, train and document the new processdocument the new process

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Steps:Steps:

1. Identify improvement recommendationsy p2. Perform cost/benefit analysis3. Design future state4. Establish performance targets and project scorecards5. Gain approval to implement, then implement6. Train 

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Improve Revised Process Analysis –Template 7Template 7Suggest recommendation for i   T l  8improvement – Template 8