LS2 - Variation in Refrigeration Coefficient of Performance at Various Operating Conditions

Thermofluids Lab-MEC 554/ LS 2/ Rev. 02-20012

1

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

FACULTY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING ________________________________________________________________________ Program : Bachelor Of Engineering (Hons) Mechanical Course : Thermalfluids Lab Code : MEC 554 ________________________________________________________________________ LAB SHEET NO: 2

HEATING, VENTILATION & AIR CONDITIONING LABORATORY SHEET (HVAC) TITLE : Variation In Refrigeration Coefficient Of Performance At Various Operating

Conditions. 1. INTRODUCTION

Refrigeration is used widely in various applications from industrial to domestic situations, mainly for the storage and transport of perishable foodstuffs and chemical substances. It has the prime function to remove heat from a low temperature region, and it can also be applied as a heat pump for supplying heat to a region of high temperature. 2. OBJECTIVE To investigate the variation of Coefficient of Performance (COPR) of a vapor compression refrigeration system at different cooling load. 3. THEORY A refrigeration cycle works to lower and maintain the temperature of a controlled space by heat transfer from a low to a high temperature region.

. Refrigeration duty is another term for the cooling effect of the refrigeration system, which is the rate of heat being removed from the low temperature region with specified evaporation and condensation temperatures. The unit for “duty” measurements is in Watts (for 1 ton of refrigeration = 3517W).

High Temperature Reservoir, TH

E

Low Temperature Reservoir, TL

QH

QL

Wnet


2

3.1 The Vapor Compression Cycle

Ideal refrigeration systems follows the theoretical Reversed Carnot Cycle process. In practical refrigerators, compression and expansion of a gas and vapor mixture presents practical problems in the compressor and expander. Therefore, in practical refrigeration, compression usually takes place in the superheated condition and a throttling process is substituted for the isentropic expansion.


3

The cycle :

1 – 2 Condensation of the high pressure vapour during which heat is transferred to the high temperature region.

2 – 3 Adiabatic throttling of the condensed vapour from the condensing to the evaporating pressure.

3 – 4 Evaporation of the low pressure liquid during which heat is absorbed from the low temperature source.

4 – 1 Isentropic compression of the vapour, from the evaporating to the condensing pressures.

Energy Transfers Analysis Compressor q4-1 = h4 – h1 + w4-1

If compression is adiabatic, q4-1 = 0, and w4-1 = h1 – h4 = wcomp

Power requirement, P = ṁ (h1 – h4), where ṁ is the flow rate of working fluid per unit time. Condenser q1-2 = h2 – h1 + w

w = 0, therefore q1-2 = h2 – h1 and rate of heat rejection Q1-2 = ṁ ( h2 – h1 ) Expansion Valve

q2-3 = h3 – h2 + w

w = 0, therefore q 2-3 = h2 – h3 and process is assumed adiabatic 0q

therefore h2 = h3

Evaporator

q3–4 = h4 – h3 + w

w = 0 therefore q3–4 = h4 – h3 and rate of heat absorbed Q3–4 = ṁ ( h4 – h3 )

Coefficient of Perfomance, COPref:

COPref = w

q 43 =

41

34

hh

hh


4

5. EQUIPMENT TH Series Computer Linked Refrigeration Unit (Edibon). 6. PROCEDURES 6a) Condenser-water and evaporator-water

a. Select water as a heat source by opening valves AVS-4 and AVS-5.Then click “START” b. Adjust the water flow rate at the condenser to 5 L/m and 3 L/m at the evaporator

(evaporator load). c. Then click “COMPRESSOR” d. When the system is stabilized, start recording the data by click “START SAVING” e. Set the sampling rate at 120 second per sample. f. Record the data for six minutes (3 samples @ 360 second). “STOP SAVING” g. Then increase evaporator load to 5 L/m and repeat step (c) to step (f).

6b) Condenser-water and evaporator-air

a. Select air as a heat source by opening valves AVS-3 and AVS-5.Then click “START” b. Adjust the water flow rate at the condenser to 5 L/m and adjust the air flow of the

evaporator until 50% of the maximal flow (evaporator load). c. Then click “COMPRESSOR” d. When the system is stabilized, start recording the data by click “START SAVING” e. Set the sampling rate at 120 second per sample. f. Record the data for six minutes (3 samples @ 360 second). “STOP SAVING” g. Then increase evaporator load to 100% and repeat step (c) to step (f).

6c) Condenser-air and evaporator-air

a. Select air as a heat source by opening valves AVS-3 and AVS-6. Then click “START” b. Adjust the air flow of the condenser to maximum flow (100%) and 50% of the maximal

flow at the evaporator (evaporator load). c. Then click “COMPRESSOR” d. When the system is stabilized, start recording the data by click “START SAVING” e. Set the sampling rate at 120 second per sample. f. Record the data for six minutes (3 samples @ 360 second). “STOP SAVING” g. Then increase evaporator load to 100% and repeat step (c) to step (f).

6d) Condenser-air and evaporator-water

a. Select water as a heat source by opening valves AVS-4 and AVS-6.Then click “START” b. Adjust the air flow of the condenser to maximum flow (100%) and adjust the water flow

rate at the evaporator to 3 L/m (evaporator load). c. Then click “COMPRESSOR” d. When the system is stabilized, start recording the data by click “START SAVING” e. Set the sampling rate at 120 second per sample. f. Record the data for six minutes (3 samples @ 360 second). “STOP SAVING” g. Then increase evaporator load to 5 L/m and repeat step (c) to step (f).

7. DATA AND RESULTS 7.1 By using data obtained from the experiments, show sample calculations of the parameters

below and complete the results summary table. (a) Refrigerant mass flow rate (kg/s),

(b) Evaporator cooling load , Qevap

(c) Coefficient of performance, COPref

(d) Average COPref


5

Data Summary table

Exp

#

Wo

rkin

g flu

id

Co

nd

ense

r

co

olin

g lo

ad

Eva

po

rato

r

he

at lo

ad

Tim

e (s

)

ST-2 (oC)

ST-3 (oC)

ST-4 (oC)

SP-1 (bar)

SP-2 (bar)

SC-1 (L/h)

SW-1 (W)

a

Co

nd

- Wa

ter

Eva

p - W

ate

r

SC

-2 =

5 L

/m

SC

-3 =

3 L

/m

120

240

360

SC

-3 =

5 L

/m

120

240

360

b

Con

d - W

ate

r

Eva

p - A

ir

SC

-2 =

5 L

/m

Fa

n p

ow

er a

t

eva

p. =

50

%

120

240

360

Fa

n p

ow

er a

t

eva

p. =

10

0%

120

240

360

c

Co

nd

- Air

Eva

p - A

ir

Fa

n p

ow

er a

t co

nd

ense

r = 1

00%

Fa

n p

ow

er a

t

eva

p. =

50

%

120

240

360

Fa

n p

ow

er a

t

eva

p. =

10

0%

120

240

360

d

Con

d - A

ir

Eva

p - W

ate

r

Fa

n p

ow

er a

t co

nd

ense

r = 1

00%

SC

-3 =

3 L

/m

120

240

360

SC

-3 =

5 L

/m

120

240

360


6

Results Summary table

Exp

#

Tim

e (s

)

Vref

(m3/s) v2 (table) (m3/kg)

mref (kg/s) = Vref/v2

h3 (kJ/kg) h4 (kJ/kg) Qevap (kW) = mref (h4 -

h3)

COP = Qevap/ (SW-

1/1000)

a

120

240

360

Average COP

120

240

360

Average COP

b

120

240

360

Average COP

120

240

360

Average COP

c

120

240

360

Average COP

120

240

360

Average COP

d

120

240

360

Average COP

120

240

360

Average COP


7

8. DISCUSSIONS a. What is the effect on the COPref as the load is increased? Why? b. What is the effect of cooling medium on the average refrigeration COP? Why? c. What do you understand by the term load? Give examples of actual loads in refrigeration

practice in a domestic fridge, in a room, and in a factory. d. Conclusion of the experiment.

LS2 - Variation in Refrigeration Coefficient of Performance at Various Operating Conditions

Documents

Transcript of LS2 - Variation in Refrigeration Coefficient of Performance at Various Operating Conditions