World Water Forum College Grant Program 2011-2013 Grant Proposals

College Loyola Marymount University

Faculty Dr. Jeremy Pal

Project #112

Water Conveyance and Filtration System for the Malingunde School for the Blind and Health Center

G

1

Loyola Marymount University

Water Conveyance and Filtration System for the Malingunde

School for the Blind and Health Center

Global Project: Malawi, Africa

Faculty Project Manager:

Dr. Jeremy Pal

Student Project Managers:

Michaela Lentz

Kelly McEnerney

Will Shaffer

Hannah Thames

2

Loyola Marymount University

Water Conveyance and Filtration System for the Malingunde School for the Blind

and Health Center

Global Project: Malawi, Africa

Faculty Project Manager: Dr. Jeremy Pal

Student Project Managers: Michaela Lentz, Kelly McEnerney, Will Shaffer, and Hannah Thames

Project Summary

The Loyola Marymount University student team, advised by Dr. Jeremy Pal, intends to provide

potable water to the Malingunde School for the Blind and neighboring health center. Our project

will promote awareness and address the world water crisis with an extensive communications

strategy and implementation trip. In order to increase water quality and accessibility in the

Malingunde community, the group will install a slow-sand filter and water conveyance system

approved by Engineers Without Borders. This system will not only provide water for 30 students

at the school but also over 200 patients of the health center each year.

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Contact Information

College Loyola Marymount University

Address 1 LMU Drive

City, State, Zip Code Los Angeles, CA 90045

Make Check Payable To: Loyola Marymount University

Application Strand Global

Student Project Manager Kelly McEnerney

Education Level Undergraduate

Department Civil Engineering

Cell Phone (916) 607 – 5271

Email Address kmcenern@lion.lmu.edu

Student Project Manager Hannah Thames

Education Level Undergraduate

Department Civil Engineering

Cell Phone (314) 960 – 3352

Email Address hannah.c.thames@gmail.com

Faculty Project Manager Dr. Jeremy Pal

Title Associate Professor

Department Civil Engineering & Environmental Science

Cell Phone (310) 568 – 6241

Email Address jpal@lmu.edu

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Organizational Background

Loyola Marymount University (LMU) is the eighth largest (second largest on the West Coast) of

the nation’s 28 Jesuit colleges and universities. The University is comprised of four colleges, the

Bellarmine College of Liberal Arts, the College of Business Administration, the College of

Communication and Fine Arts, and the Frank R. Seaver College of Science and Engineering, as

well as the School of Education, School of Film and Television and Loyola Law School. The

University offers more than 30 Master's degree programs, a doctoral program in education and a

Juris Doctor degree.

LMU is committed to providing students with a humanistic, liberal arts education that fosters a

desire for knowledge, cultivates the skills necessary for a lifetime of personal and professional

growth, and emphasizes leadership in creating a just world. From early on, LMU has sought to

instill in its undergraduates a hunger for learning, breadth of perspective, and capacity for critical

thinking, imagination, and honest and clear communication. With its rich intellectual and cultural

heritage as a Catholic university, LMU strives to engage its students in ethical discourse and to

build an intercultural community among its faculty, students and staff. LMU's faculty-to-student

ratio of 11 to 1 assures students of a personalized learning experience. With 5,797

undergraduates and 3,273 graduate students, LMU has been commended in national college

rankings for its quality of education, student life and curricula, including ranking 3rd in the West

among Master's universities in the U.S. News & World Report's “Best Colleges 2011” and

ranking in the top 20 for “best institutions for undergraduate education and one of the most

beautiful” in The Princeton Review’s “2010 Best 371 Colleges Rankings.” The Princeton

Review/Entrepreneur Magazine 2011 also ranked LMU’s undergraduate and entrepreneurship

program 22nd in the United States. In addition, The Education Trust singled out LMU along with

11 U.S. public and private universities for best combined graduation rates for Hispanic and

African American students in 2010.

Founded by the Society of Jesus, Loyola College of Los Angeles was incorporated in 1918 and

gained university status in 1930. Forty-three years later, Loyola University merged with

neighboring Marymount College to become Loyola Marymount University. Loyola Marymount

University provides academic students the opportunity to expand their learning through higher-

level education inspired by the principles and morals of the Jesuits, the Marymount Sisters, and

the Sisters of St. Joseph of Orange. The beliefs of these religious orders helped shape the

University’s mission: “the encouragement of learning, the education of the whole person, the

service of faith and the promotion of justice.” LMU is dedicated to encouraging students to

become “men and women for others.” LMU students volunteer more than 175,000 service hours

with 350 non-profit organizations. Students also reach many additional communities through

community-based learning, academic courses, alternative breaks, and other volunteer

opportunities.

Under the direction of Dean Richard G. Plumb, Ph.D., LMU’s Seaver College of Science and

Engineering prides itself on its academic rigor, interdisciplinary offerings, close mentoring of

students by faculty, and sophisticated and original undergraduate research. Hands-on experiences

and cross-disciplinary courses produce outstanding scientists and engineers who are schooled not

only in the latest technology, but also in ethics, preparing them for the unprecedented challenges

brought by ongoing scientific and technological breakthroughs.

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Project Description

The Malingunde School for the Blind and the Malingunde Community Health Center do not

have adequate access to potable water. The Malingunde School for the Blind, a school serving 30

blind and visually impaired students in Malawi Africa, does not have a water conveyance system

on the premises. The school children must walk to the Lilongwe River, one kilometer away and

down a rocky hill. Blind and visually impaired students at the Malingunde School are often

orphaned and the Malawi government does not have the resources to provide for them

adequately. The need for clean water burdens not only the students but also the patients at the

local health center as well. The health center, which serves over 200 community members

yearly, uses unfiltered water pumped from the Lilongwe River. Contaminated water causes

commonplace outbreaks of cholera, typhoid, diarrhea, and other waterborne illness in

Malingunde; these diseases infect so many villagers that patients overflow from the health center

and camp outside. Clean water is needed for the students, for the patients at the school’s health

center and for the local community.

The Republic of Malawi, a landlocked country, is among the world’s least developed and most

densely populated countries. In 2009 the International Monetary Fund ranked Malawi the twelfth

poorest country in the world. The Malawi government depends heavily on outside aid to meet the

needs of its largely rural population.

The students of Loyola Marymount University in partnership with Engineers Without Borders

(EWB-LMU) want to eliminate the difficulty and hardship for the Malingunde students and

community to obtain water by building a water conveyance and filtration system to provide

potable water to the school. As the group’s faculty advisor, Dr. Jeremy Pal states: “More than a

billion people worldwide lack access to clean water and sanitization, leading to millions of

premature deaths every year, most of which are children... I feel proud that LMU engineering

students are making a difference to those who aren’t as fortunate as we are.”

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Project Objectives

The goals of the project are to:

1. Provide convenient, reliable and potable water for the school and health center; and

2. Heighten awareness of the needs of others.

The quantitative benefit projections are as follows:

Performance Measure Quantitative Outcome Local/Global Impact

Makes More Water Available 2.96 Acre Feet/Year Global

Improves equitable access to fresh

drinking water and sanitation

practices

230 Global

Cost associated with each of the

physical quantitative outcomes

above

$48.26/person,

$3750/AF/yr and

26.4 Gallons/Capita/Day

Global

The Malingunde community is composed of 230 people who will gain improved access to clean

drinking water and sanitation practices because of this project. The cost, based solely on the

equipment costs, is $48.26 per person served. This project will provide 2.96 acre-feet per year to

Malingunde, and the cost per acre-foot per year is $3750. An approximated 100 people will use

the system each day, so based on the daily amount of people using the system, this project makes

available 26.4 gallons per capita per day.

The communications content strand is the focus of our project. In order to heighten awareness of

the needs of the global community, the student group plans to hold an on-campus forum focusing

on the Malawi project and the global water crisis on the LMU campus. During the

implementation trip, a senior LMU film student will film the project and put together a short

documentary. The documentary will be presented both during the freshman Introduction to

Engineering class in Fall 2012 to involve more students early on in the project and at the on

campus forum in Spring 2013. LMU will also submit a press release to the local papers such as

the Loyolan, the Santa Monica Daily Breeze, the Santa Monica Mirror and the Los Angeles

Times, and to Vistas, the LMU alumni magazine distributed to approximately 55,000 alumni. In

addition, the project will be posted on the LMU website which has approximately two million

external visitors each month.

An LMU alumni and current LMU sophomore computer science student are designing a website

for the project is currently being made to raise awareness for this project as well as the global

water crisis: http://www.lmuprojectmalawi.org. The documentary will be uploaded to the

website after the project is completed, and future project news will be advertised on the site. A

Donate Now button will facilitate fundraising for repairs and future trips to not only sustain but

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also add on to the water conveyance and filtration system. The website will be advertised on the

LMU website, in the press release, and at the project presentations to increase visitor traffic.

Project Feasibility

In order to build the water system, the students visited Malawi in July and August 2009 to

determine the feasibility of building the system and to gather relevant data for the design of the

water pumping and storage system. The 2009 assessment trip was approved by Engineering

without Borders. The students, under the direction of Jeremy Pal, Ph.D., are currently finalizing

the system. The design will include a standard electrical pump and a cleansing system that uses

sand to filter non-biological particulates and bacteria to filter biological contaminants. The

design will be submitted to the U.S. Board of Engineers Without Borders in 2012 to ensure that

the proposal meets the appropriate engineering requirements. In compliance with the Engineers

Without Borders guidelines, the group has also committed a minimum of five years to the

Malingunde School to ensure that the system remains workable. The students will go to Malawi

for two weeks in May 2012 to build the system.

The Lilongwe Water Board, through Stayford L. Kampini, zone manager, has provided the

necessary approval of the project. The school and the Malingunde community will participate in

building the system, although the Malingunde School for the Blind’s participation will be

minimal due to the students’ visual impairment. The student group will also teach the community

members how the system was designed. Aristarcko Mzikuola, headmaster, will assist with the

coordination of the community participation. The group will obtain the needed materials in the

city of Malingunde and the capital city of Malawi, Lilongwe. Before the 2012 trip to Africa, the

group will order the materials and the International Rotary Club will coordinate the delivery of

the materials to the school.

Project Sustainability

The students planning and attending the trip include undergraduate freshmen, sophomores,

juniors, and seniors. The upperclassmen will be responsible for the education of the

underclassmen in their future responsibilities with respect to the project. The underclassmen will

be responsible for the sustainability of the project. This responsibility will include regular

contact with the Malingunde School for the Blind to assure proper maintenance and performance

of the water filtration system as well as conveyance of relevant information for possible repairs

and maintenance of the system. Future trips will seek to expand on this project to further

improve water sanitation practices in Malingunde.

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Project Budget

The projected budget for the August 2010 trip totals $32,950 and consists primarily of equipment

expenses and travel, food and lodging expenses for the students and faculty. The students have

volunteered to cover the costs of the website. The students and Dr. Pal donates their time, but

funds approximating $11,100 are needed for equipment expenses. A $10,000 grant from The

Allergan Foundation will contribute to the remaining equipment and travel expenses. The

remainder of the funds will be covered from website donations and student contribution.

LMU Personnel

Student Team Members $15,000

Faculty Advisor $5,000

Total Personnel: $20,000

Travel Expenses

Round Trip – LAX: Malawi (7) $17,500

Travel Insurance (7) $350

Food & Lodging (7) $4,000

Total Travel: $21,850

Equipment

2 x 10,000 liter tanks $3,600

Slow Sand Filter $2,500

1,800 m 1 1/2" PVC pipe $2,400

Electric Pump $1,300

2 year Electricity Costs $1,000

Pump & Filter Personnel $300

Total Equipment: $11,100

Total Expenses $52,950

Committed Funding

Environmental Engineering &

Construction, Inc. Donation ($5,000)

Allergan Foundation Grant ($10,000)

Student Team Contributed Time ($15,000)

Faculty Advisor Contributed Time ($5,000)

Total Funds to Be Raised: $17,950

Pending Funding

World Water Forum Grant $10,000

Personal Expenses $7,950

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Water Conveyance System Design

According to the EWB-LMU Post-Assessment Report, the school currently has 30 children

enrolled and hopes grow and expand in the future. The health center serves about 200 patients

per year and treats 50 patients and personnel on an average day. However, during cholera

outbreaks the amount of treated patients can double. The design population of 100 was estimated

for this project to ensure enough clean water is available in case of disease outbreaks and school

enrollment growth. Per capita daily water usage for the area was found to be 20 – 50 LPCD. The

upper bound was used in design and the required active storage for the community was

determined to be 5,000L. Our design determined a 10,000 L tank to be adequate storage to

accommodate the active storage as well as some emergency storage. It is to be an elevated tank

constructed on site. Its height above the proposed pump location is estimated to be 50ft after

construction.

PVC pipe is recommended for use. Since PVC pipes are not suited to resist UV degradation, the

pipes will need to be placed underground. Any PVC piping above ground should have carbon

black pigments, which act as an excellent UV stabilizer. Multiple possible pipe paths have been

determined and 0.5 miles is the average assumed length of pipe required. Pipe diameters of 1 to

1-½ inches are suitable for this type of application. Pipes smaller than 1 inch may be prone to

clogging as the water being transported is untreated and unfiltered. Pipes larger than 1.5 inches

may require excessive pump head in order to produce an ideal pipe velocity such that any

particles do not settle out of the water. The resulting higher flow rates would cause the tank

filling time to decrease and it would be impractical to purchase such a pump for less than an hour

of operation in a day.

Given pipe diameters of 1 to 1 ½ inches, the pump will only have to operate for 2 to 12 hours

(see table below for pumping interval ranges for different pipe sizes). This is ideal since power

outages have been known to occur from time to time. Continuous pumping for longer time

intervals was found to be impractical for this application given the size of the tank and the

quality of the water; continuous pumping would have required either a very small flow rate

resulting in settling of suspended particles, or a very small pipe at optimum velocity which

would be prone to clogs and breaking. A valve must be placed on the pipe system upstream from

the filter to control fluid flow.

The pump system curves (see figure below) were developed based on pipe sizes of 1, 1-¼, and 1-

½ inches. Bernoulli’s equation and the Darcy-Weisbach formula for frictional head loss were

used to determine the pump head required. The derivation of the following formula for pump

head can be found in the appendix:

g

V

D

LfzhP

21

2

where hP is the pump head required in feet, z is the elevation of the water level in the tank above

the pump location, f is the Darcy-Weisbach friction factor, L is the estimated length of pipe, D is

the specified diameter of the pipe, V is the pipe velocity and g is acceleration due to gravity. A

printout of the spreadsheets used to develop the pump curves and detailing the steps of the

solution can be found in the Appendix. Minor losses were ignored.

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When choosing a pump, it is necessary to check that the operating point lies within the operating

range and the shutoff head does not exceed the maximum pressure head. (See table below for

maximum pressure head for the pertinent pipe sizes). The table in the Appendix shows the

maximum pressure head for the varying PVC pipe sizes. The final pipe size will be determined

from these calculations.

Pipe Diameter Flowrate (gpm) Velocity

(fps) hp (ft) Pressure (psi)

Time-to-Fill

(hrs)

1 inch Qmin = 5.62 2.30 117.34 50.85 7.84

Qmax = 16.06 6.56 493.89 214.02 2.74

1.25 inches Qmin = 8.78 2.30 101.78 44.11 5.02

Qmax = 25.09 6.56 371.11 160.81 1.76

1.5 inches Qmin = 12.65 2.30 91.41 39.61 3.48

Qmax = 36.13 6.56 317.48 137.57 1.22

Table: Data for Design Pipe Sizes

Figure: Developed System Curves for 1, 1 ½, and 1 ¼ inch pipes

If designed according to the previously mentioned parameters, the system will be able to provide

water for the community and flow at acceptable velocities and pressure. The system in this report

has been designed to be versatile so that changes and additions to the design can be easily made

to encompass unforeseen changes during construction.

System Curves

for Malinguande Water Conveyance System

0.00

100.00

200.00

300.00

400.00

500.00

600.00

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Flow Rate, Q (gpm)

Pu

mp

Head

Req

uir

ed

, h

P (

ft)

1-in Pipe

1.25-in Pipe

1.5-in Pipe

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Slow-Sand Filtration Design

After researching several options for filtrations, we chose Slow Sand Filtration (SSF) because it

is the most effective for lesser-developed countries. Since the influent water from the Lilongwe

River was found to have turbidity less than 20 NTU, the SSF is a feasible method. SSF yields a

high rate of impurity removal from source water through sedimentation, adsorption, straining,

and chemical/biological processes. This filter design is very cost-efficient, easy to maintain, and

does not require additional chemical disinfection because of the biological processes. Previous

projects from other outreach organizations at this location have failed due to highly technical

systems that the community was unable to upkeep. Due to all of these factors, SSF is the best

option for filter design for the Malawi site.

A constant inflow is required for this system to ensure the growth of the “schmutzdecke” and to

provide a constant hydraulic head to drive the water through treatment. The schmutzdecke is a

biological layer that forms on top of the sand filter after three to seven days of implementation.

This layer of bacteria, fungi, protozoa, rotifer, and aquatic insect larvae provide adequate means

of purifying the water by breaking down pathogens into inorganic compounds. The water above

the schmutzdecke should have a constant depth of 0.5 – 1.5 meters to provide the necessary head

through the sand.

The filter sand beneath the schmutzdecke should have a minimum diameter of 0.1 millimeters, a

maximum diameter of 3 millimeters, an effective grain size of 0.15 – 0.35 millimeters, and a

uniformity coefficient of less than 3. The ideal rate of percolation through the sand filter is 0.2

meters per hour. The sand layer should be at least one meter thick to ensure this rate of

percolation. Before the sand is placed in the filtration system, it needs to be washed to remove

any preexisting organic matter. Beneath the filter sand layer, and underdrain medium will need to

be chosen to surround the discharge pipes to prevent the migration of sand into the discharge

pipes. This underdrain layer should be graded to ensure proper retention of the sand filter.

Depending upon the turbidity of the influent, the removal of the schmutzdecke should take place

every six months. During the rainy season, the system will have to be cleaned every three

months. Since the schmutzdecke requires a few days to get back into operation after cleaning, the

design accommodates enough storage for the community to have a reserve of potable water until

the schmutzdecke is properly established again.

Typical slow sand filtration rates are usually between 0.05 to 0.15 gal/min-ft2. For this

application, the estimated range for the total area for the slow sand filters in operation would be

112 to 240 square feet. The filter must be located below the elevated reservoir and another tank

may have to be provided to store water after filtration. It will also be covered to reduce outside

contaminants from infiltrating the system.

12

Project Management Team

Name Title/Organization Address E-mail

1 Dr. Jeremy Pal LMU Associate

Professor

Pereira South-132

One LMU Dr

Los Angeles, CA 90045

jpal@lmu.edu

2 Kelly McEnerney LMU Student Project

Manager

One LMU Dr MSB 4741

Los Angeles, CA 90045

kmcenern@lion.lmu.edu

3 Hannah Thames LMU Student Project

Manager

One LMU Dr MSB 7621

Los Angeles, CA 90045

hannah.c.thames@gmail.com

4 Michaela Lentz LMU Student Team One LMU Dr MSB 4843

Los Angeles, CA 90045

mlentz1@lion.lmu.edu

5 Will Shaffer LMU Student Team One LMU Dr MSB 6189

Los Angeles, CA 90045

will_shaffer@yahoo.com

6 Sam Queen LMU Student Team One LMU Dr MSB 7753

Los Angeles, CA 90045

sam.j.queen@gmail.com

7 Quinlan Thames LMU Student Team One LMU Dr MSB 2133

Los Angeles, CA 90045

rqthames@yahoo.com

8 Aris Ford LMU Alumni Web

Designer

816 Chapman Ave.

Orange, CA 92868

arisford@gmail.com

9 Steve Shaffer Enivronment

Engineering &

Contracting, Inc.

501 Parkcenter Drive

Santa Ana, CA 92705

jshaffer@eecworld.com

10 Stayford Kampini Zone Manager P.O.Box 96, Lilongwe madzi@malawi.net

Group Qualifications

Jeremy Pal, Ph.D., the faculty advisor who led the 2009 assessment trip Malingunde, will

accompany the students this May for the project implementation. He is an assistant professor of

Civil Engineering at Loyola Marymount University and volunteers his time for the project. At

LMU Dr. Pal teaches classes in water resources, computer modeling, and surveying. His research

interests include hydro-climatology, water resources, agriculture, flood and drought, sustainable

development, climate prediction change and variability, and earth system modeling. Dr. Pal has a

B.S. in Civil Engineering from Loyola Marymount University and M.S. and Ph.D. in Civil and

Environmental Engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Prior to joining

LMU, he was a member of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, co-recipient of the

Nobel Peace Prize. With UNESCO’s International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Dr. Pal

performed high-level research, trained researchers and organized international workshops in

developing nations.

John Shaffer, president of Environmental Engineering and Contracting Inc. (EEC Inc.), will also

assist the team of students on the implementation trip. As the president of EEC Inc. for the past

16 years, Mr. Shaffer has overseen and managed several water and wastewater projects. His

extensive field experience will be valuable to the team during the trip.

Students Michaela Lents, Kelly McEnerney, Will Shaffer, and Hannah Thames are all civil

engineering students at LMU. The student have taken classes such as Fluid Mechanics I and II,

Water and Wastewater Engineering, and Open Channel Hydraulics which have equipped them

with the skills and experience to design and implement this system. Michaela and Kelly have

interned with San Diego Gas and Power and the Metropolitan Water District of Southern

13

California respectively. Their experience with these agencies have provided insight into the

planning of extensive projects which has been useful I the foresight and planning of this project.

Hannah brings extensive travel experience to the team as she performed research in France and

has led service trips with Homes for the Homeless in Reynosa, Mexico.

Sam Queen is a student of the Film and Television School at LMU and he will be filming the

implementation trip in order to create a documentary on the team’s trip to Malingunde and the

world water crisis. While at LMU Sam has taken courses including Production I, II, and III,

Fundamentals of Directing, and Documentary Pre-Production which have enabled him to direct

and produce several short films as well as a documentary on global water issues.

The website, mobile site, and Facebook splash page have been designed and managed by

Quinlan Thames, an electrical engineering and computer science student at LMU, and Aris Ford,

a graphic designer and LMU alumni.

Conclusion

Loyola Marymount University appreciates The World Water Forum’s consideration of a $10,000

grant. Building the water conveyance system for the Malingunde School for the Blind is a project

that exemplifies the mission of Loyola Marymount University and the Seaver College of Science

and Engineering to educate the whole person and to promote social justice. The project will teach

students the necessary engineering tools needed to pursue engineering careers after graduation,

and will also enable them to provide a necessary service to the needy people of Malingunde. As

James Clements, one of the previous mechanical engineering student participants in the 2009

assessment trip, stated: “I believe if you have the ability to do good in the world, then you have

an ethical responsibility to do so.” A grant from The World Water Forum Grant will enable the

students to fulfill this ethical responsibility.

15

Appendix

PVC

Nominal Pipe

Size

(inches)

Required Minimum Burst Pressure

(psi)

Maximum Operating Pressure

(psi)

Schedule 401)

Schedule 802)

Schedule 40 Schedule 80

½ 1910 2720 358 509

¾ 1540 2200 289 413

1 1440 2020 270 378

1 1/4 1180 1660 221 312

1 1/2 1060 1510 198 282

2 890 1290 166 243

2 1/2 870 1360 182 255

3 840 1200 158 225

4 710 1110 133 194

5 620 1040 117 173

6 560 930 106 167

8 500 890 93 148

10 450 790 84 140

12 420 600 79 137

References

Unit Operations and Processes in Environmental Engineering, 2nd

Ed. (Reynolds/Richards, 1996)

Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics, 5th

Ed. (Munsen/Young/Okiishi 2006)

“Water Resources Guidelines” (EWB-USA 2005)

Engineering Toolbox <http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/>

Dr. Jeremy Pal, LMU

Professor Joseph Reichenberger, LMU

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From: Hutchson Mthinda <hutchhm@gmail.com<mailto:hutchhm@gmail.com>> Date: May 22, 2011 10:37:59 PM PDT To: "Pal, Jeremy S." <jpal@lmu.edu<mailto:jpal@lmu.edu>> Cc: Marshal Chilenga <tf@malawi.net<mailto:tf@malawi.net>> Subject: Re: Long time... Jeremy, I have been assigned this project to see it to the end. I would like to confirm that our club is committed to this project. I will look at the issues raised in your email and revert soonest. Rgds, Hutch On Thu, May 12, 2011 at 8:42 PM, Pal, Jeremy S. <jpal@lmu.edu<mailto:jpal@lmu.edu>> wrote: Dear Rotarians, It is essential that we have the Lilongwe Rotary Club's support in this endeavor and that the Malingunde School for the Blind have Lilongwe Rotary Club's continued support over the life of the project. We realize that all of you are busy and that we are asking a lot via this partnership. We would therefore fully understand if you were not able to make this commitment. Can you please let us know whether or not you will be able to make this commit to this project? If you are able to, we will need the five below issues addressed before we make our flight arrangements to come. Note that we were hoping perform the implementation in June, but suspect this is no longer feasible - perhaps August is better. We look forward to hearing you response. All the best! Jeremy and the LMU Engineers Without Borders Team Jeremy S Pal | Ph.D | Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science | Seaver College of Science & Engineering 1 LMU Drive | MS 8145 | Los Angeles, California 90045-2659 | 310.568.6241<tel:310.568.6241> LMU | LA On May 3, 2011, at 10:13 AM, Pal, Jeremy S. wrote: Dear Rotarians,

It is hard to believe that almost two years have past since our trip to Lilongwe. We are hoping to return the second week of June for a two week period to implement a pump and treat system for the Malingunde School for the Blind. Before we purchase our flight tickets, we need to work out few details so we can hit the ground running. As you may recall, we had hoped to collaborate with the Malingunde Women's Training School, since they also pump water from the reservoir. Unfortunately, this alternative is no longer a possibility. We believe, however, a better alternative is to collaborate with health centre next to the school. We would improve their system to provide potable water to both the health centre and the School for the Blind. To make this happen, we need an agreement with the health centre entailing the following: 1. Pump: As we understand that the health centre's existing pump is unreliable, we will purchase a new pump and install it in place of the old one. Note that during our previous visit we were given verbal permission by the Water Board to install a pump in the pump house. If the Water Board is still supportive of our endeavor, we could potentially install a new pump and keep the old one as a backup. 2. Tank and Filter: We will place a 5,000 liter tank (perhaps smaller) and construct a slow sand filtration system on the hillside above the school and health centre just above the existing tank. The new tank and filtration system will be connected to the existing tank as part of the overall system. Is special permission required for this or can we simply place them there? 3. Piping System: The Malingunde School for the Blind's water will be supplied from the health centre's lower tank via the school's existing piping system. 4. Pump Operator: The health centre will provide the pump operator and pay for operation costs. If the operating costs are a problem, perhaps Engineers Without Borders could prepay some of the electricity bill. 5. Sustainability: Engineers With Borders requires a 5-year commitment from the local group with which we are working. As quite a bit of money and time will be spent on this effort, we would like to be sure that the school will have your and the health centre's support over this period (hopefully longer). Time is of the essence... We would be greatly indebted if one of you could propose the above agreement to the health centre ASAP. If you think it is easier to discuss these issues via telephone, please provide a telephone number and best time to call. All the best!

Jeremy Begin forwarded message: From: tf <tf@malawi.net<mailto:tf@malawi.net><mailto:tf@malawi.net<mailto:tf@malawi.net>><mailto:tf@malawi.net<mailto:tf@malawi.net><mailto:tf@malawi.net<mailto:tf@malawi.net>>>> Date: March 29, 2011 8:57:54 AM PDT To: "Pal, Jeremy S." <jpal@lmu.edu<mailto:jpal@lmu.edu><mailto:jpal@lmu.edu<mailto:jpal@lmu.edu>><mailto:jpal@lmu.edu<mailto:jpal@lmu.edu><mailto:jpal@lmu.edu<mailto:jpal@lmu.edu>>>> Subject: RE: [Possible Spam]: RE: Long time... Looking forward to seeing you. My regards Marshal -----Original Message----- From: Pal, Jeremy S. [mailto:jpal@lmu.edu<mailto:jpal@lmu.edu><mailto:jpal@lmu.edu<mailto:jpal@lmu.edu>>] Sent: Saturday, March 26, 2011 1:16 AM To: Hemant Bhagat; rainbow@globemw.net<mailto:rainbow@globemw.net><mailto:rainbow@globemw.net<mailto:rainbow@globemw.net>><mailto:rainbow@globemw.net<mailto:rainbow@globemw.net><mailto:rainbow@globemw.net<mailto:rainbow@globemw.net>>>; Marshal Chilenga; Lloyd katema; Hutchson Mthinda Subject: Re: [Possible Spam]: RE: Long time... Importance: Low Greetings Rotarians, We are excited to return to Malawi to continue our work with the Malingunde School for the Blind. Our hope is to implement a slow sand filtration system in June. Will all of you be available to support our efforts? As part of our trip, the students would like to stay with Rotarian families in Lilongwe. Would this be a possibility? Our team consists of around 8 individuals. All the best! Jeremy On Nov 12, 2010, at 1:32 AM, Hemant Bhagat wrote: Hi Pal You are most welcome looking forwqrd to see u

hemant -----Original Message----- From: Pal, Jeremy S. [mailto:jpal@lmu.edu<mailto:jpal@lmu.edu><mailto:jpal@lmu.edu<mailto:jpal@lmu.edu>>] Sent: Wednesday, November 10, 2010 4:15 AM To: rainbow@globemw.net<mailto:rainbow@globemw.net><mailto:rainbow@globemw.net<mailto:rainbow@globemw.net>><mailto:rainbow@globemw.net<mailto:rainbow@globemw.net><mailto:rainbow@globemw.net<mailto:rainbow@globemw.net>>> Cc: Marshal Chilenga; Hemant Bhagat; Lloyd katema Subject: Re: Long time... Hi Iqbal, Great to hear from you! We will contact Mr. Marashal Chilenga to see if we can continue our collaborations. Hopefully we will see you early next year! Jeremy On Nov 9, 2010, at 1:16 PM, Iqbal Jakhura wrote: Hi Jeremy, Nice to hear from you and it also nice that you still remember us. In Malawi, things are fine and pretty much the same as you have seen when you were here. In the Rotary Club all the positions are for a year and neither I nor Lloyd are in the projects committee this year. By copy of this email, I am introducing you to Mr Marashal Chilenga, the current President and Mr Hemant Bhagat, the Projects Director. If you need any further assistance from me, you are welcome to contact me anytime. Best regards Iqbal -----Original Message----- From: Pal, Jeremy S. [mailto:jpal@lmu.edu<mailto:jpal@lmu.edu><mailto:jpal@lmu.edu<mailto:jpal@lmu.edu>>] Sent: 05 November 2010 5:24 PM To: rainbow@globemw.net<mailto:rainbow@globemw.net><mailto:rainbow@globemw.net<mailto:rainbow@globemw.net>><mailto:rainbow@globemw.net<mailto:rainbow@globemw.net><mailto:rainbow@globemw.net<mailto:rainbow@globemw.net>>> Subject: Re: Long time...

Dear Iqbal, I am resending this email in case it ended up in your spam folder. I hope all is well. Jeremy On Oct 28, 2010, at 10:22 PM, Pal, Jeremy S. wrote: Dear Iqbal, It has been a very long time! Too long!!! How are things in Malawi? I am currently teaching in Bonn, Germany for the fall semester. It is nice here, but I miss the warm weather of home, as I am sure you can appreciate being from Malawi. We are hoping to get the Malingunde School for the Blind project up and going again. We faced delays last year because of a lack of funding. However, a few months ago, we were awarded a $10,000 USD grant from the Allergan Foundation to continu the project. As a result, the students have been working hard to design the water system and to submit all the required paperwork to Engineers Without Borders. The target implementation date is the first two weeks of March. If we are do the project, we would need some help and support from the Rotary Club. For example, we need water quality data from the Water Board. Additionally, we need to reconfirm that we have permission from the Water Board to use their pump room at the reservoir to install a pump. Are you and the Rotary Club still involved with the Malingunde School for the Blind? If so, I hope you are willing to work together to get the water project done. I look forward to hearing from you! All the best to you and your family, Jeremy -- Jeremy Pal | Ph.D | Associate Professor Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science Seaver College of Science and Engineering Loyola Marymount University 1 LMU Drive | MS 8145 | Los Angeles | CA 90045 310 568 6241<tel:310%20568%206241><tel:310%20568%206241>