Lower.limb.Exam.questions

WINDSOR UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE

Anatomy- lower limb ( august 10th 2009)

1. A common peroneal nerve palsy a. Can occur following a fracture of the neck of the fibulab. Causes loss of extension of the big toec. Causes a characteristic foot dropd. Causes a loss of inversion of the foote. Produces anaesthesia of the sole of the foot

2. What is the name of the muscle that inserts on the base of the 5th metatarsal bone?a. Fibularis brevisb. Flexor carpi ulnarisc. Tibialis posteriord. Abductor digiti minimie. The 4th lumbrical

3. What is the nerve of the anterior compartment of the thigh?a. Femoral nerveb. Obturator nervec. Saphenous nerved. Tibial portion of sciatic nervee. Common fibular (peroneal) portion of the sciatic nerve

4. If the sciatic nerve is injured near the greater sciatic foramen, what action at the hip will be weakened?

a. Abductionb. Lateral (external) rotationc. Flexiond. Extensione. Medial (internal) rotation

5. The homolog of the median nerve in the foot is the:a. Sural nerve b. Saphenous nervec. Deep fibular (peroneal) nerved. Medial plantar nervee. Lateral plantar nerve

6. Which of following muscles is innervated by the deep fibular (peroneal) nerve?a. Fibularis tertiusb. Flexor digitorum brevisc. Flexor digitorum longusd. All of the abovee. None of the above

7. Difficulty in standing on one’s toes is symptomatic of injury to the:a. Tibial nerveb. Common fibular (peroneal) nervec. Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerved. Deep fibular (peroneal) nervee. Both A and B are correct

8. Which statements about the knee joint are true?a. The femur rotates medially on the tibia during flexion when the foot is fixedb. The medial meniscus is attached to the medial collateral ligamentc. The anterior cruciate ligament limits anterior displacement of the tibiad. The anterior cruciate ligament limits lateral rotation of the femur during extensione. B and C are correct

9. Which muscle DOES NOT cross anterior to the transverse axis of the hip joint?a. Tensor fascia lataleb. Psoasc. Rectus femorisd. Sartoriuse. Vastus lateralis

10. Which of the following muscles is/are innervated by the superficial peroneal nerve?a. Fibularis (peroneus) longusb. Fibularis (peroneus) brevisc. Fibularis (peroneus) tertiusd. A and Be. A,B and C

11. Inability to hold the pelvic girdle level while standing on one foot is symptomatic of an injury to:a. Inferior gluteal nerveb. Superficial fibular (peroneal) nervec. Superior gluteal nerve d. Deep fibular (peroneal) nervee. Obturator nerve

12. Difficulty in crossing the knees while sitting in a chair is symptomatic injury to:a. Femoral nerveb. Obturator nervec. Superior gluteal nerved. Inferior gluteal nervee. Fibular (peroneal) division of the sciatic nerve

13. The ilioinguinal nerve is derived from:a. T10b. T12c. L1d. L2-L4e. L4-L5

14. Which statement about the psoas major muscle is FALSE?a. It originates in the thorax and inserts in the thigh, so infection can potentially spread

from the thorax to the thigh by following its facial sheathb. It joins with the iliacus to form the iliiopsoas muscle, which is the chief extensor of the

thighc. Much of the lumbar plexus can be found within its bellyd. It inserts on the lesser trochanter of the femur

15. While standing on one foot (right) the opposite side of the hip (left) drops. Which of the following nerve has a lesion?

a. Femoral nerveb. Deep peroneal nervec. Inferior gluteal nerved. Tibial nervee. Superior gluteal nerve

16. Both the avulsion fracture of the ischial tuberosity and vertical shear fracture of the pelvis will lead to weakened knee flexion and extension of the hip joint?

a. Trueb. False

17. Varicosity of the vein in the case of lower is because of the valvular insufficiency in which of the following veins?

a. Superficialb. Deepc. Perforatingd. None of the above

18. During an examination of a patient, YOU notice that the person is displacing this right shoulder posteriorly during right heel strike. This displacement suggests paralysis of?

a. Right Quadriceps Muscleb. Right Anterior Tibialisc. Right Gluteus Maximusd. Right Gluteus Mediuse. Right Gastrocnemius

19. A patient who has had a skiing accident is brought to the emergency room. The region around his knee is swollen. The skin of his foot is pale and no dorsalis pedis pulse can be detected. An x-ray reveals a fracture of the femur immediately proximal to the femoral condyles. Which of the following arteries has been compressed by the displacement of this fracture?

a. Anterior Tibial Arteryb. Femoral Arteryc. Popliteal Arteryd. Posterior Tibial Artery e. Profunda Femoris Artery

20. A patient presents to YOU with torn medical collateral ligament of the right knee. Which of the following signs may be elicited during physical examination?

a. Posterior Displacement of the Tibiab. Anterior Displacement of the Femurc. Abnormal passive Abduction of the extended kneed. Abnormal passive Adduction of the extended knee

Lower Limb

Second heart of body?

Gastrocnemius

Pes-Planus (flat foot), foot is?

Everted

Key-stone for medial longitudinal arch?

Talus

Movement possible in knee joint (Tibiofemoral joints)?

Flexion, Extension, Medial rotation, Lateral Rotation

Osteoarthritis (OA), the pain is due to

Compression of Nerves in between the articular ends

Major muscle responsible for unlocking the knee?

Popliteus

Important tarsal bone that does not have any muscle attachments?

Talus

Most common complication of femur neck fracture?

Avascular necrosis, Osteonecrosis, Non union, Abnormal gait due to laterally rotated limb

Fracture of the femoral neck: Lower limb will be laterally rotated and shortened. This is because the gluteus maximus, piriformis, obturator internus, superior and inferior gemelli, and quadratus femoris rotate the distal fragment laterally. The rectus femoris, adductor muscles, and hamstrings draw the distal fragment proximally.

Femoral hernia can be differentially diagnosed from inguinal hernia?

Neck sac always lies below & Lateral to pubic tubercle

Common action of tibialis anterior & posterior muscles?

Invertion

Posterior displacement of femur on tibia is maintained by?

ACL (anterior cruciate ligament)

Trendelburg sign is positive (+)?

Pelvis sinks downward on unsupported leg

Femoral triangle: which is incorrect

medial boundary is adductor magnus

Boundaries: Inguinal Ligament Superior, Sartorius Lateral, Adductor Longus Medial (ISSLAM)

Medial Femoral Circumflex Artery:

Does not send a branch with obturator canal

Femoral artery becomes Popliteal artery passing thru:

Adductor hiatus

Deep (Profundus) femoral artery gives rise to perforating arteries, which supply:

Post thigh muscle

Adductor tubercle:

Medial condyle of femur

Which is part of Cruciate anastomosis of hip:

All except inferior epigastic artery.

Above Inf Gluteal A, Below 1st Perforating A, Medial Medial Circumflex Femoral A, Lateral Lateral Circumflex Femoral A.

Midinguinal pt:

Post triangle

Adductor canal:

femoral canal

Contains Saphenous Nerve and Nerve to Vastus Medialis.

Main Varicose Veins

Great and Small Saphenous Veins

Lat cutaneous nerve:

spinal valves b L2-L3

Root value sciatic nerve:

ventral rami L4, L5, S1-S3

Cutaneous supply peroneal nerve includes dorsum except:

Web b/w 1st and 2nd toe

In femoral triangle:

profunda femoris (deep femoral) artery originates from femoral artery,

femoral nerve lies lateral to femoral artery,

some inguinal lymph nodes may be found,

femoral vein lies medial to femoral artery

52 year old female presents with groin pain. Immediately inferior to inguinal canal. Physician suspected that patient has femoral hernia contain a loop of small end. Which structure immediately located medial to sac of hernia:

Lacunar ligament

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Which part of the thigh can be palpated when the hip is flexed and abducted?

Lateral thigh

When the greater trochanter of the femoral is fractured, which nerve is injured?

a. Superior gluteal nerveb. Nerve to obturator internus

Cruciate anastomoses contributes to all except

Superior epigastric artery

Above Inf Gluteal A, Below 1st Perforating A, Medial Medial Circumflex Femoral A, Lateral Lateral Circumflex Femoral A.

Which lower limb veins are most likely to become varicose?

Superficial veins (great and small saphenous veins)

Factors contributing to varicose veins

Multiple pregnancies, Long standing hours, Incompetent valves

Surgeon operating on popliteal aneurysm ligates Adductor Canal which begins at apex of femoral triangle and ends at the Adductor Hiatus?

Lies between adductor magnus/longus, and vastus medialis muscle

Femoral triangle boundaries?

ISSLAM (Inguinal Sup, Sartorius Lat, Adductor Longus Med)

Femoral sheath

L- femoral artery

M- femoral canal

Mid- femoral V

Also, Femoral branch of genitor femoral nerve, no saphenous opening

No Femoral Nerve.

Saphenous opening provide pathways for?

Great saphenous vein

What is not a part of the femoral triangle?

Obturator nerve

Mid inguinal point?

Mid point between Anterior Superior Iliac Spine and Pubic Symphysis.

Nerve passing along great saphenous vein?

Saphenous nerve.

Trauma to inguinal ligament

Loss of sensation to all except Lateral Thigh

Popliteal Aneurysm operated in

Adductor Canal

Adductor Canal

Apex of femoral triangle ends at adductor hiatus

Vastus medialis – Antero lateral boundary

Contains femoral vessels, Saphenous N, Nerve to vastus medialis

Adductor Hiatus

Inserted tendon of adductor magnus, allows passage of femoral vessels to popliteal fossa

Popliteal fossa

All except saphenous nerve

Contents: Common Peroneal, Tibial Nerve, Popliteal Vessels, Saphenous Vein.

Femoral Hernia

Common in women

Passes thru femoral ring and canal

Deep inguinal lymph node

Femoral canal

Muscle extended leg and knee joint

Quadriceps femoris

Function of muscles of Anterior of Thigh

Extend leg

Femoral sheath has all except

Femoral nerve

What inserts between Tibia and Fibula

Soleus (Superficial Posterior Leg Muscle)

Unhappy triad

ACL (ant cruciate lig.), Medial Meniscus, Tibial Collateral lig (tcl)

Anterior compartment syndrome, the ligament involved is

ACL

Artery affected in Anterior Compt. Syndrome

a) Anterior tibial arteryb) Dosalis Pedis Artery

Hyper extension of femoral on hip is done by

Ilio Femoral Ligament

Anterior drawer test

Lachman’s test (other test following it is ADT)

Muscle inserts fascia lata

Gluteus maximus

Profunda femoris artery does not give rise to

None of the above

Foot drop

Deep peroneal nerve

Pott’s Fracture

Forced eversion of foot (Dupytren’s Fracture)

Fracture of lower end of Fibula with medial malleolus fracture and rupture of deltoid ligament

Which nerve is vulnerable to injury around neck of fibula

Common peroneal nerve (fibular nerve)

Supplying lateral side of skin and back of leg

Lateral sural cutaneous nerve

Nerve less vulnerable than common peroneal nerve

Superficial peroneal or musculo cutaneous nerve

Loss of skin sensation, paralysis of plantar aspect of medial side of foot

Medial plantar nerve…branch of tibial nerve

Intra muscular injection injury

Common peroneal nerve, branch of sciatic nerve

Medial rotator of tibia

When knee is extended

Ligament supports head of talus and passes from subtant? Tali of calcenous to navicular bone

Plantar calcenus ligament (spring lig)

Injury to dorsalis pedis

Loss of sensation to great and 2nd toe

Which muscle cannot do both; extend knee and hip

Semi membranous

Cannot flex thigh and knee

Soleus (sartorius and gracilis do)

Muscle for abduction and flexion of knee

Gracilis and sartorius

Foot drop and high stepping gate, loss of sensation to dorsum of foot and medial aspect

Leads to paralysis (due to damage of DPN) of all dorsi flexors and evertor muscles

Tibialis anterior

Deep peroneal nerve; dorsi-flexion and inversion

Tibialis posterior

Plantar flexes and inversion

Flexor retinaculum components

Tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

Adductor magnus

Obturator sciatic (tibial portion)

Insertion – Linea Aspera

Action – Adducts, Flexes, Extends Thighs

Pes Anserinus (goose foot)- Anserine Bursa

Lies between TCL – tendons of sartorius, gracilis, semi tendonosus

Not a flexor of hip

Vastus medialis (iliopsoas great flexor)

Medial meniscus MCL

Posterior Tear (both b and C)

Proximal and medial to the shaft of the femur

Tibia, fibula

Palpation of greater trochantar and ischial tuberosity

Sciatic nerve

Piriformis muscles

Inserts into upper end of greater trochanter of femur- rotates thigh laterally

Waddling Gait

Pelvis falls towards the unaffected side of each step

Paralysis of gluteus medius

Trendelenburgs sign

fracture of neck of femur

dislocation of hip (weakness of gluteus max and med-unsupported side falls instead of rising)

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

affect proximal paralysis of little toe

Sciatic nerve divides into

Tibial nerve & Common peroneal nerve

Lateral thigh supplied by

Femoral nerve

Superior lateral quadrant

Preferred site to give intramuscular injection

Inserts into iliac crest

Tensor fasciae latae by superior gluteal nerve

Flexor retinaculum

medial malleolus holds tendons of tibialis posterior

holds flexor digitorum longus

holds flexor hallucis longus

Kick on lateral knee, which ligament is torn

lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

Flexor hallucis longus tendon

inserts into calcaneus

Ilio femoral ligament

largest and most important ligament, reinforces the fibrous capsule

Posterior cruciate lig

prevents anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia

Saphenous nerve

Passes along with the saphenous vein

Femoral nerve

Does not lie in the femoral sheath

Dural nerve

Innervates the lateral side of the head and foot

Great Saphenous vein

Passes thru the Saphenous opening

Structures passing thru both the greater and lesser sciatic foramen

Nerve to the Obturator Internus

Gluteus maximus

Extends and rotates thigh laterally

Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

Abducts and rotates thigh medially

Quadratus femoris

Rotates the thigh laterally

Femoral canal

site of femoral herniation

Femoral ring

abdominal opening of the femoral canal

Popliteal fossa

Contains popliteal vessels, common peroneal tibial nerves and the small saphenous vein

Saphenous opening

provides pathway for saphenous vein

Football injuries

medial meniscus ligament and lateral connected ligaments

Vastus medialis

extends leg

Obturator internus

rotates thigh laterally

Extensor hallucis longus

extends big toe, dosiflexes and innervates foot

Extensor digitorum longus

extends toes, dorsiflexes and everts foot

Flexor hallucis longus

plantar flexes foot, flexes distal phalynx of big toe

Flexor digitorum longus

flexes lateral four toes

Tibialis posterior

plantar flexes out and inverts foot

Lateral longitudinal arch formed by

cuboid bone

Spring ligament

planta calcaneonavicular

Femoral nerve

Arises from lumbar plexus (L2-L4)

Inferior gluteal nerve

Innervates the gluteus maximus

Sciatic nerve

Largest nerve in the body

Superior gluteal artery

Arises from internal iliac artery

Obturator nerve

Arises from the internal iliac artery

Femoral artery

continuation of the external iliac artery

Popliteal artery

continuation of the femoral artery

Femoral vein

Passes thru Saphenous opening

Femoral hernia

common in women

Potts fracture

caused by forces eversion of the foot

Damage to the femoral nerve

paralysis of quadriceps femoris

Damage to obturator nerve

weakness of adduction

Damage to DPN (Deep Peroneal Nerve)

Results in foot drop

Damage to SPN (Superficial Peroneal Nerve)

Loss of eversion of the foot

Adductor longus

innvervates the obturator nerve

Vastus lateralis

extends leg

Indirect inguinal hernia

occurs on right side

Xiphoid process…..attaches via its pointed causal end to the linea alba

Internal spermatic fascia

derives from transversalis fascia

Cremasteric fascia

originated in the internal oblique muscle

Processes vaginalis

may result in congenital indirect inguinal hernia

Gubernaculum testis

homologus to the round ligament of the uterus

Hip Flexion cannot be produced by: Vastus Medialis

Individual right gluteus medius muscle will:

demonstrate lowering of left side of Pelvis

Foot drop is:

Deep peronial nerve

Sartoris, Gracilis and Semi tendonosus muscle:

medial shaft of tibia

All produce movement on Hip and Knee joint :

Adductor Magnus

Potts Fracture involve Fracture of Fibula and Rupture of Deltoid ligament produced by:

forced Eversion of foot

38yr old woman brought to woman by fork lift operator. Examation revels loss of sensation of dorsum of left foot. Dorsiflexion against resistance is not possible. Inversion of subtalar joints on left limb. Diagnosis is trauma to:

Common peroneal nerve and neck of Fibula

Palpation at point equidistant between Ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter of femur reveals what:

Sciatic nerve

Which ligament involved in clipping Injury:

ACL, MCL, MM

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Test 1

1. Femoral triangle: which is incorrect medial boundary is adductor magnus

2. Medial femoral circumflex Artery: d/n send a branch with obturator canal

3. Femoral triangle: deep femoral artery originiates from femoral artery:Nerve lateral to artery; Inginual lymph Vein medial to artery

4. Femoral artery becomes popliteal artery passing thru: adductor hiatus

5. Deep (Profundus) femoral artery gives rise to perforating arteries, which supply: post thigh muscle

6. Adductor tubercle: medial condyle of femur

7. which is directly beside Femoral Hernia: medial to lacunar ligament

8. Which is part of Cruciate anastomis of hip: all except inferior epigastic artery

9. Trendleburg’s sign: pelvis will sink downwards on unsupported leg side

10. Post displacement of femur on tibia is maintained by: anterior Cruciate ligament

11. Common action of tibialis ant and post: inversion

12. Femoral hernia differentially diagnosed from inginual by: neck of sac below and lateral to pubic tubercle

13. Fracture of neck femur: Osteonecrosis, avascular necrosis, abnormal gait due to laterally rotated limb, non union

14. Tarsal bone with no muscle attachments: talus

15. Unlocking knee: Popliteus

16. Osteoarthritis, pain due to: compression of nerve b/w articular ends

17. Key stone for medial longitudinal arch: talus

18. Movements in knee joint (Tibio- femoral joints): flexion, extension, medial and lateral rotation

19. Flat foot: foot is everted

20. 2nd heart of body: Gastrocnemius

Test 2:

1. Midinguinal pt: post triangle2. Adductor canal: femoral canal3. Saphenous nerve: small saphenous is false4. Saphenous nerve art is medial side of foot: e5. varicose veins6. lat cutaneous nerve: spinal valves b L2-L37. Root value sciatic nerve: ventral rami L4, L5, S1-S38. Cutaneous supply peroneal nerve includes dorsum except: web b/w 1st and 2nd toe

Test 1:

1. In respect to femoral triangle, select incorrect:Medial boundary in adductor magnus

2. Which of the following statement about medial femoral circumflex a is false: it sends a branch with obturator canal

3. In femoral triangle: profunda femoris (deep femoral) artery originates from femoral artery, femoral nerve lies lateral to femoral artery, some inguinal lymph nodes may be found, femoral vein lies medial to femoral artery

4. femoral artery: becomes popliteal artery after passing thru adductor hiatus5. Profunda femoris a (deep femoral a): gives perforating arteries which supply post thigh muscle6. Adductor tubercle is located in: medial condyle femur

7. 52 year old female presents with groin pain. Immediately inferior to inguinal canal. Physician suspected that patient has femoral hernia contain a loop of small end?…which structure immediately located medial to sac of hernia: lacunar ligament

8. Cruciate anastomosis is of hip joint receives primary contribution from following arteries except: inf epigastric artery

9. Which of following statements regarding postive trendelburg’s sign is correct: pelvis sinks downwards on unsupported leg side

Lower Limb Review Questions

2. Which part of the thigh can be palpated when the hip is flexed and abducted? lateral thigh

3. When the greater trochanter of the femoral is fractured, which nerve is injured?a. Superior gluteal nerveb. Nerve to obturator internus

4. Cruciate anastomoses contributes to all except Superior epigastric artery

5. Which lower limb veins are most likely to become varicose? superficial veins (great and small saphenous veins)

6. Factors contributing to varicose veinsa. Multiple pregnanciesb. Long standing hoursc. Incompetent valves

7. Surgeon operating on popliteal aneurysm ligates Adductor Canal which begins at apex of femoral triangle and ends at the Adductor Hiatus lies between adductor magnus/longus, and vastus medialis muscle

8. Femoral triangle boundaries ISSLAM (Inguinal Sup, Sartorius Lat, Adductor Longus Med)

9. Femoral sheathL- femoral artery

M- femoral canal

Mid- femoral V


10. Saphenous opening provide pathways for great saphenous vein

11. What is not a part of the femoral triangle? obturator nerve

12. Mid inguinal point? mid pt between Ant Sup Iliac Spine and Pubic Symphysis

13. Nerve passing along great saphenous vein saphenous nerve

14. Trauma to inguinal ligament loss of sensation to all except Lateral Thigh

15. Popliteal Aneurysm operated in Adductor Canal

16. Adductor Canal Apex of femoral triangle ends at adductor hiatus



17. Adductor Hiatus inserted tendon of adductor magnus, allows passage of femoral vessels to popliteal fossa

18. Popliteal fossa all except saphenous nerve

19. Femoral Hernia common in women

passes thru femoral ring and canal

20. Deep inguinal lymph node femoral canal

21. Muscle extended leg and knee joint Quadriceps femoris

22. Function of muscles of Anterior of Thigh extend leg

23. Femoral sheath has all except femoral nerve

24. What inserts between Tibia and Fibula Soleus

25. Unhappy triad ACL (ant cruciate lig.), Medial Meniscus, tibial collateral lig (tcl)

26. Anterior compartment syndrome, the ligament involved is ACL

27. Artery affected in Anterior Compt. Syndromea) Anterior tibial arteryb) Dosalis Pedis Artery

28. Hyper extension of femoral on hip is done by Ilio Femoral Ligament

29. Anterior drawer test Lachman’s test (other test following it is ADT)

30. Muscle inserts fascia lata Gluteus maximus

31. Profunda femoris artery does not give rise to none of the above

32. Foot drop deep peroneal nerve

33. Pott’s Fracture forced eversion of foot (Dupytren’s Fracture)

fracture of lower end of Fibula with medial malleolus fracture and rupture of deltoid ligament

34. Which nerve is vulnerable to injury around neck of fibula commen peroneal nerve (fibular nerve)

35. Supplying lateral side of skin and back of leg Lateral surreal cutaneus nerve

36. Nerve less vulnerable than common peroneal nerve superficial peroneal or musculo cutaneous nerve

37. Loss of skin sensation, paralysis of plantar aspect of medial side of foot medial plantar nerve…branch of tibial nerve

38. Intra muscular injection injury common peroneal nerve, branch of sciatic nerve

39. Medial rotator of tibia when knee is extended

40. Ligament supports head of talus and passes from subtant? Tali of calcenous to navicular bone plantar calcenus ligament (spring lig)

41. Injury to dorsalis pedis loss of sensation to great and 2nd toe

42. Which muscle cannot do both; extend knee and hip semi membranous

43. Cannot flex thigh and knee soleus (satorius and gracilis do)

44. Muscle for abduction and flexion of knee gracilis and satorius

45. Foot drop and high stepping gate, loss of sensation to dorsum of foot and medial aspect leads to paralysis (due to damage of DPN) of all dorsi flexors and evertor muscles

46. Tibialis anterior deep peroneal nerve ; dorsiflexion and inversion

47. Tibialis posterior plantar flexes and inversion

48. Flexor retinaculum components tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

49. Adductor magnus obturator sciatic (tibial portion)



50. Pes Anserinus (goose foot)- Anserine Bursa lies between TCL – tendons of sartorius, gracilis, semi tendonosus

51. Not a flexor of hip Vastus medialis (iliopsoas great flexor)

52. Medial meniscus MCL Posterior Tear (both b and C)

53. Proximal and medial to the shaft of the femur tibia, fibula

54. Palpation of greater tochantar and ischial tuberosity sciatic nerve

55. Piriformis muscles inserts into upper end of greater trochanter of femur- rotates thigh laterally

56. Waddling Gait Pelvis falls towards the unaffected side of each step

paralysis of gluteus medius

57. Trendelenburgs sign fracture of neck of femur


58. Flexor digiti minimi brevis affect proximal paralysis of little toe

59. Sciatic nerve divides into tibial, common peroneal nerve

60. Lateral thigh supplied by femoral nerve

61. Superior lateral quadrant preffered site to give instramuscular injection

62. Inserts into iliac crest tensor fascia lata by superior gluteal nerve

63. Flexor retinaculum medial malleolus holds tendons of tibialis posterior



64. Kick on lateral knee, which ligament is torn lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

65. Flexor hallucis longus tendon inserts into calcaneus

66. Ilio femoral ligament largest and most important ligament, reinforces the fibrous capsule

67. Posterior cruciate lig prevents anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia

68. Saphenous nerve passes along with the saphenous vein

69. Femoral nerve does not lie in the femoral sheath

70. Dural nerve invervates the lateral side of the head and foot

71. Great saphenous vein passes thru the saphenous opening

72. Structures passing thru both the greater and lesser sciatic foramen nerve to the obturator internus

73. Gluteus maximus extends and rotates thigh laterally

74. Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus abducts and rotates thigh medially

75. Quadratus femoris rotates the thigh laterally

76. Femoral canal site of femoral herniation

77. Femoral ring abdominal opening of the femoral canal

78. Femoral sheath does not contain femoral nerve

79. Popliteal fossa contains popliteal vessels, common peroneal tibial nerves and the small saphenous vein

80. Saphenous opening provides pathway for saphenous vein

81. Football injuries medial meniscus ligament and lateral connected ligaments

82. Vastus medialis extends leg

83. Obturator internus rotates thigh laterally

84. Extensor hallucis longus extends big toe, dosiflexes and innervates foot

85. Extensor digitorum longus extends toes, dorsiflexes and everts foot

86. Flexor hallucis longus plantar flexes foot, flexes distal phalynx of big toe

87. Flexor digitorum longus flexes lateral four toes

88. Tibialis posterior

plantar flexes out and inverts foot

89. Lateral longitudinal arch formed by cuboid bone

90. Spring ligament planta calcaneonavicular

91. Femoral nerve arises from lumbar plexus (L2-L4)

92. Inferior gluteal nerve innvervates the gluteus maximus

93. Sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body

94. Superior gluteal artery arises from internal iliac artery

95. Obturator nerve arises from the internal iliac artery

96. Femoral artery continuation of the external iliac artery

97. Popliteal artery continuation of the femoral artery

98. Femoral vein passes thru saphenous opening

99. Femoral hernia common in women

100. Potts fracture


101. Damage to the femoral nerve


102. Damage to obturator nerve


103. Damage to DPN

results in foot drop

104. Damage to SPN

loss of eversion of the foot

105. Adductor longus


106. Vastus lateralis

extends leg

107. Indirect inguinal hernia


108. Xiphoid process…..attaches via its pointed causal end to the linea alba

109. Internal spermatic fascia


110. Cremasteric fascia


111. Processes vaginalis


112. Gubernaculum testis


Abdomen

1. Thin fatty layer Campers Fascia

2. Scarpas Fascia deep membranous layer

3. Pretineal ligaments ???????? Coopers Ligament

4. Inguinal triangle

common site of direct inguinal hernia

5. Inguinal triangle (Hasselbach’s triangle) is bounded laterally by inferior epigastric vessels

6. Transversalis fascia gives rise to spermatic fascia

7. Median umbilical ligament remnant of urachus

8. Superior epigastric artery arises from internal thoracic artery

9. Superior and inferior epigastric arteries anastomoses within rectus abdominus

10. Inferior epigastric arteries arise from external iliac artery

11. Indirect inguinal hernia common than direct inguinal hernia

12. Greater omentum abdominal policeman

13. Central veins does not form portal system

14. Falciform ligament connects the liver to the diaphragm

15. Ligamentum teres hepatic round ligament of liver

16. Coronary ligament round bare area of the liver

17. Ligamentum venosus remant of ductus venosus

18. Epiploic foramen Winslow’s Foramen

19. Stomach bed Pancreas, spleen, left kidney, left supra renal gland, transverse colon, diaphragm

20. Acidic area lesser curvature

21. Jejunum has lung plicae circularis

22. Ileum has Peyer’s Patches

23. Enteric division ????????????????? consists of Auerbach’s Plexus

24. Ileum short vasa recta and plicae circularis

25. Mc Burney’s Point lateral one third of a line between right anterior superior iliac spine and umbilicus

26. Mc Burney’s Point site of acute appendicitis

27. Liver coronary and falciform ligaments

28. Meisners Valves present in gallbladder

29. Ampulla of Voter Duct of w…………..?????????????

30. Sartorius duct???????????? accessory pancreactic duct

31. Sphincter ani muscle in lower part???????????????

32. Left gastric artery gives rise to esophageal branch

33. Meckels diverticulum occurs in about 2% of population

34. Liver Cirrhosis???????? portal hypertension, esophageal v, hemorrhoid, caput medusa

35. Common bile duct obstructs bile flow leading to jaundice

36. Supra renal gland empties into inferior vena cava

…………………….

37. Portal hypertension can cause venous blood of the portal system to be shunted through the anastomatic connections with the systemic venous system. Clinical sign produced due to portal hypertension around the umbilical isCaput Medusa

38. The conjoint tendon (falx inguinalis) is formed by thea) rectus abdominis muscle or its aponeurosisb) external oblique muscle or its aponeurosisc) both a and bd) neither a or b

39. The following facts are true for inguinal ligamenta) It is an aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscleb) It dorms the flood of inguinal canalc) It extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to pub tubercled) All of the above

40. Omental bursa is communicated to greater sac via foramen of winslow

41. An indirect hernia passes thru the deep inguinal ring

42. Tunica vaginalis is the remnant of processus vaginalis

43. A CT scan reveals that a loop of gait exits the abdominal cavity by passing medial to the inferior epigastric artery. This type of hernial would be called direct inguinal hernia

44. In reference to the covering layers of the spermatic cord and testis the cremaster muscle is innervated by the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

45. The inguinal canala) Begins at the deep inguinal ringb) Has the inf. Oblique forming part of its roofc) Has the inguinal lig forming its floord) Has the ilio inguinal nerve coursing through the superficial ringe) All of the above

46. A 10 year old boy brought to your office…boy is asked to cough…the most likely diagnosis is the presence of a(n) indirect inguinal hernia

47. In this case, which of the following layers of the abdominal wall would not contribute to the wall of the hernial sac transverse abdominus muscle

48. Hydrocele is the collection of fluid between the layers of tunica vaginalis

49. Ventra root of spinal nerve carries

motor fibres

50. The nerves of the abdominal wall in the mid axillary line are located between transverse abdominis and internal oblique

51. Which abdominal structure gives rise to (is continuous with) the tunica vaginalis following descent of testes during development peritoneum

52. The left inguinal hernia is made more common than right FALSE

53. Left testicular vein drains into left renal vein

54. Trans pyloric plane passes at the upper border of L3 vertebra

55. Direct inguinal hernia passes the inguinal triangle

56. Sinus of testes lies laterally

1) Mc Burneys point: Max tenderness felt in appendicites and point in right spine umblical line

2) Following vein form imp. Portal systemic anastomoses except: Superior Rectal vein and IVC

3) Mostly vermiform appendix directly lie on top of cecum and also know to be tucked into: Meso appendix

4) Patient in cirrhosis in liver venous hypertension might be found in the: Short Gastric vein

5) Portal hypertension can cause venous blood of Portal system to be shunted through anastomic connection of systemic venous system. Examples of clinical signs are: External Hemmoriods

6) Bare area of Liver is linked by Limenia of: Corornary Ligaments

7) All are features are of Portal tract area Except: Hepatic Vein

8) Correct statement: Root of mesentry is found to Transverse obquiley from the body of 2nd lumbar vertebra to right sacro iliac joint

9) Correct statement: Interior aspect of duodenum is crossed by Transverse Mesocolin Mesentery

10) Houstans valves are Konlvansh fold are known as: Semilunar folds of colon

11) Muscle resulting from thickening of circular smooth musculature of anal canal is: Sphincter ani internus muscle

12) Which is not moveable: Desending colon

13) Which structure is not present in Stomach bed: Splenic vein

14) Appendix is supplied by: T10

15) Not true in relation to Stomach: Cardiac notch is an incisura found at most dependent point of lesser curvature

16) Surgical mobilization of descending colon from posterior abdominal wall can be accomplished by restablizing mesentery for this section of bowel restablished portion of mesentery could contain: Left lumbar artery

17) Which abdominal structures give rise to tunica vaginalis following descend of testis during development: Peritoneum

18) Correct statement: Falciform ligament actively suspends liver

19) Short numerous vasa recta are contain within: Ileum

20) Concerning Inf Mesentric artery which is false: gives off Inf pancreatico duodenal artery

21) Which structures not present within lesser omentum: IVC

22) Ligamentum vinosum is remnant of: Ductus Venosus

23) Ligamentum Teres is remnant of: Obulaterated Left Umblical artery

24) Transversalis Fascia: Both a and b

25) Conjoint Tendon formed by: Neither a nor b

26) Following facts are true for Inguinal Ligament: All of the above

27) Notch and Lesser curvature of stomach is: Insura Angularis

28) Following are structures which form stomach bed except: Splenic vein

29) Gastric ulcers are common in: Lesser curvatures

30) Omental bursa is communicated to Greater sac via: Foramen of Winslow

31) Arteries supply stomach except: Gastro duodenal

32) Litters Hernias content is: Meckels diverticulum

33) Indirect Hernia: passes through deep inguinal ring

34) Tunica vaginalis is remnant of: Process vaganilis

35) Not correct about Meckels diverticulum: All of the above

36) Congential Inguinal hernia is due to: Persistent Process vaginalis

37) Direct Inguinal hernia is medial to: stem of inferior epigastric artery

38) Structures form medial boundary of Inguinal Triangle: Inferior Epigastric artery

39) Due to rupture appendix duodenal ulcer and gallbladder disease subphrenic access is likely to occur on: Right side

40) Porta Hepatis is where: All of the above

41) Circular Muscle around distal end of bile duct form the: Sphincter of Oddi

42) Duct leading out of the Gallbladder is the: Cystic duct

43) Surgeon making incision for appendectomy: over Mc Burney’s point

44) Appendix represents: Lymphoid Tissue

45) Which peritoneal pouch is most dependent in female Pelvis: Recto Utherine Pouch or Douglas pouch

1) Hip Flexion cannot be produced by: Vastus Medialis

2) Tibial nerve injury slightly below mid thigh level will modify gait because he less able to: Both A and B

3) Individual right gluteus medius muscle will: demonstrate lowering of left side of Pelvis

4) Foot drop is: Deep peronial nerve

5) Sartoris, Gracilis and Semi tendonosus muscle: medial shaft of tibia

6) All produce movement on Hip and Knee joint : Adductor Magnus

7) Potts Fracture involve Fracture of Fibula and Rupture of Deltoid ligament produced by: forced Eversion of foot

8) 38yr old woman brought to woman by fork lift operator. Examation revels loss of sensation of dorsum of left foot. Dorsiflexion against resistance is not possible. Inversion of subtalar joints on left limb. Diagnosis is trauma to: Common peroneal nerve and neck of Fibula

9) Palpation at point equidistant between Ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter of femur reveals what: Sciatic nerve

10) Which ligament involved in clipping Injury: ACL, MCL, MM

Anatomy Exam- Lower Limb (Hip & Thigh) TEST I

1. Regarding femoral triangle; incorrect statement is:

Medial boundary is adductor magnus (B)

2. Regarding femoral circumflex artery; false statement is:

It sends branch through obturator canal (E)

3. In relation to femoral triangle:

All the above

4. Femoral artery becomes:

Popliteal artery (D)

5. Profunda femoris artery (deep femoral artery) gives rise to:

Perforating arteries which supply posterior thigh muscles (C)

6. Adductor tubercle located:

Medial epicondyle of femur (C)

7. Groin pain, bulge in groin area, inferior to inguinal canal; femoral hernia with

intestinal group- what is immediately medial to it?

Lacunar ligament (E)

8. Cruciate anatomosis of hip joint gets supply from all arteries except:

Inferior epigastric artery (C)

9. Positive Tredenberg sign:

Pelvis will sink downwards on unsupported leg side (C)

10. Femoral hernia is different from inguinal hernia:

Neck of sack lies below pubic tubercle (B)

11. Common result of femoral fracture:

All of the above (C)

12. Trauma to right buttock, difficulty in extending right hip but strength of right knee

flexion is similar to left knee, hip does not sink (no + tredenburg sign), abnormal

cutaneous sensation in thigh; nerve to be damaged:

Inferior gluteal nerve (C)

13. Nerve supply to anterior thigh

Femoral nerve (A)

14. Lateral rotator of thigh except:

Tensor fascia lata

15. Not a true hamstring muscle:

Short head of femoris biceps (D)

16. Difficulty crossing leg, indicates damage in:

Femoral nerve

17. Inguinal ligament:

Between A.S.I.S. and Pubic ligament AND in lower abdominal quadrant ((E) A &

D)

18. Name of socket of hip joint

Acetabulum (D)

19. Piriformis muscle in pelvis travels to gluteal region via:

Greater sciatic foramen (A)

20. Mid-Ingunal point:

Femoral artery immediately posterior to it (D)

21. Incorrect statement regarding adductor canal:

Contains femoral nerve (E)

22. Regarding saphenous opening; the false statement is:

Pierced by small saphenous vein (C)

23. Great saphenous vein:

Longest vein in body (A)

24. Root value of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve:

L2, L3 (B)

25. Root value of sciatic nerve:

Ventral Rami of L4-S3

Anatomy-Knee and Leg

1.) Posterior displacement of femur on tibia maintained by Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)2.) Common action of tibialis anterior and posterior is inversion3.) Major muscle responsible for unlocking of knee is the popliteus4.) Movements possible in knee joint (tibio-fibular jt) are: flexion, extension, medial and lateral

rotation5.) 2nd heart of the body is the gastrocnemius muscle b/c it pumps impure blood against gravity to

the heart6.) Saphenous nerve is the cutaneous nerve of the medial side of leg and foot7.) 35 year old female with pain in leg that aggrevates upon standing and is alleviated when

propped up, what is wrong? Varicose Veins8.) Muscles innervated by deep fibular nerve (AKA deep peroneal nerve) dorsiflexors of foot9.) In the knee joint, medial meniscus is attached to the medial collateral ligament

10.) Inability to do plantar flexion of foot due to tibial nerve11.) Player hit lateral side of knee-medial collateral ligament and the ACL are damaged12.) Rupture of a long slender tendon that rolls up between the gastrocnemius and the soleus, what

tendon rolls up? plantaris

13.) Nerve that carries both efferent and afferent sensors when the knee is tapped is the femoral nerve

14.) Root values of the tibial nerve are L4-S315.) Football triad clipping injury lateral side of the knee is injured, rupture of the medial

collateral ligament and meniscus16.) Plantar flexors unopposed and dorsiflexors are damaged so there is damage to the deep

peroneal nerve17.) Tibialis anterior responsible for the dorsiflexion of the foot18.) Not found the popliteal fossa-the lesser saphenous vein19.) Potts fracture involves fracture of the tibia, rupture of the deltoid ligament, what movement is

affected? inversion20.) Supracondylar fracture of distal femur-in order to avoid injury to the popliteal artery, the knee

has to be maintained in a flexed position

Test 1

Test 1- Lower Limb

1. Femoral triangle: which is incorrect medial boundary is adductor magnus

2. Medial femoral circumflex Artery: d/n send a branch with obturator canal

3. Femoral triangle: deep femoral artery originiates from femoral artery:Nerve lateral to artery; Inginual lymph Vein medial to artery

4. Femoral artery becomes popliteal artery passing thru: adductor hiatus

5. Deep (Profundus) femoral artery gives rise to perforating arteries, which supply: post thigh muscle

6. Adductor tubercle: medial condyle of femur

7. which is directly beside Femoral Hernia: medial to lacunar ligament

8. Which is part of Cruciate anastomis of hip: all except inferior epigastic artery

9. Trendleburg’s sign: pelvis will sink downwards on unsupported leg side

10. Post displacement of femur on tibia is maintained by: anterior Cruciate ligament

11. Common action of tibialis ant and post: inversion

12. Femoral hernia differentially diagnosed from inginual by: neck of sac below and lateral to pubic tubercle

13. Fracture of neck femur: Osteonecrosis, avascular necrosis, abnormal gait due to laterally rotated limb, non union

14. Tarsal bone with no muscle attachments: talus

15. Unlocking knee: Popliteus

16. Osteoarthritis, pain due to: compression of nerve b/w articular ends

17. Key stone for medial longitudinal arch: talus

18. Movements in knee joint (Tibio- femoral joints): flexion, extension, medial and lateral rotation

19. Flat foot: foot is everted

20. 2nd heart of body: Gastrocnemius

Test 2-Lower Limb:

9. Midinguinal pt: post triangle10. Adductor canal: femoral canal11. Saphenous nerve: small saphenous is false12. Saphenous nerve art is medial side of foot: e13. varicose veins14. lat cutaneous nerve: spinal valves b L2-L315. Root value sciatic nerve: ventral rami L4, L5, S1-S316. Cutaneous supply peroneal nerve includes dorsum except: web b/w 1st and 2nd toe

Test 1- Lower Limb:

10. In respect to femoral triangle, select incorrect:Medial boundary in adductor magnus

11. Which of the following statement about medial femoral circumflex a is false: it sends a branch with obturator canal

12. In femoral triangle: profunda femoris (deep femoral) artery originates from femoral artery, femoral nerve lies lateral to femoral artery, some inguinal lymph nodes may be found, femoral vein lies medial to femoral artery

13. femoral artery: becomes popliteal artery after passing thru adductor hiatus14. Profunda femoris a (deep femoral a): gives perforating arteries which supply post thigh muscle15. Adductor tubercle is located in: medial condyle femur16. 52 year old female presents with groin pain. Immediately inferior to inguinal canal. Physician

suspected that patient has femoral hernia contain a loop of small end?…which structure immediately located medial to sac of hernia: lacunar ligament

17. Cruciate anastomosis is of hip joint receives primary contribution from following arteries except: inf epigastric artery

18. Which of following statements regarding postive trendelburg’s sign is correct: pelvis sinks downwards on unsupported leg side

Lower Limb Review Questions

100. Which part of the thigh can be palpated when the hip is flexed and abducted? lateral thigh

101. When the greater trochanter of the femoral is fractured, which nerve is injured?a. Superior gluteal nerveb. Nerve to obturator internus

102. Cruciate anastomoses contributes to all except Superior epigastric artery

103. Which lower limb veins are most likely to become varicose? superficial veins (great and small saphenous veins)

104. Factors contributing to varicose veinsa. Multiple pregnanciesb. Long standing hoursc. Incompetent valves

105. Surgeon operating on popliteal aneurysm ligates Adductor Canal which begins at apex of femoral triangle and ends at the Adductor Hiatus lies between adductor magnus/longus, and vastus medialis muscle

106. Femoral triangle boundaries ISSLAM (Inguinal Sup, Sartorius Lat, Adductor Longus Med)

107. Femoral sheathL- femoral artery

M- femoral canal

Mid- femoral V


108. Saphenous opening provide pathways for great saphenous vein

109. What is not a part of the femoral triangle? obturator nerve

110. Mid inguinal point? mid pt between Ant Sup Iliac Spine and Pubic Symphysis

111. Nerve passing along great saphenous vein saphenous nerve

112. Trauma to inguinal ligament loss of sensation to all except Lateral Thigh

113. Popliteal Aneurysm operated in Adductor Canal

114. Adductor Canal Apex of femoral triangle ends at adductor hiatus



115. Adductor Hiatus inserted tendon of adductor magnus, allows passage of femoral vessels to popliteal fossa

116. Popliteal fossa all except saphenous nerve

117. Femoral Hernia common in women

passes thru femoral ring and canal

118. Deep inguinal lymph node femoral canal

119. Muscle extended leg and knee joint Quadriceps femoris

120. Function of muscles of Anterior of Thigh extend leg

121. Femoral sheath has all except

femoral nerve

122. What inserts between Tibia and Fibula Soleus

123. Unhappy triad ACL (ant cruciate lig.), Medial Meniscus, tibial collateral lig (tcl)

124. Anterior compartment syndrome, the ligament involved is ACL

125. Artery affected in Anterior Compt. Syndromea) Anterior tibial arteryb) Dosalis Pedis Artery

126. Hyper extension of femoral on hip is done by Ilio Femoral Ligament

127. Anterior drawer test Lachman’s test (other test following it is ADT)

128. Muscle inserts fascia lata Gluteus maximus

129. Profunda femoris artery does not give rise to none of the above

130. Foot drop deep peroneal nerve

131. Pott’s Fracture forced eversion of foot (Dupytren’s Fracture)

fracture of lower end of Fibula with medial malleolus fracture and rupture of deltoid ligament

132. Which nerve is vulnerable to injury around neck of fibula commen peroneal nerve (fibular nerve)

133. Supplying lateral side of skin and back of leg Lateral surreal cutaneus nerve

134. Nerve less vulnerable than common peroneal nerve superficial peroneal or musculo cutaneous nerve

135. Loss of skin sensation, paralysis of plantar aspect of medial side of foot medial plantar nerve…branch of tibial nerve

136. Intra muscular injection injury common peroneal nerve, branch of sciatic nerve

137. Medial rotator of tibia when knee is extended

138. Ligament supports head of talus and passes from subtant? Tali of calcenous to navicular bone plantar calcenus ligament (spring lig)

139. Injury to dorsalis pedis loss of sensation to great and 2nd toe

140. Which muscle cannot do both; extend knee and hip semi membranous

141. Cannot flex thigh and knee soleus (satorius and gracilis do)

142. Muscle for abduction and flexion of knee gracilis and satorius

143. Foot drop and high stepping gate, loss of sensation to dorsum of foot and medial aspect leads to paralysis (due to damage of DPN) of all dorsi flexors and evertor muscles

144. Tibialis anterior deep peroneal nerve ; dorsiflexion and inversion

145. Tibialis posterior plantar flexes and inversion

146. Flexor retinaculum components tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus

147. Adductor magnus obturator sciatic (tibial portion)



148. Pes Anserinus (goose foot)- Anserine Bursa lies between TCL – tendons of sartorius, gracilis, semi tendonosus

149. Not a flexor of hip Vastus medialis (iliopsoas great flexor)

150. Medial meniscus MCL Posterior Tear (both b and C)

151. Proximal and medial to the shaft of the femur

tibia, fibula

152. Palpation of greater tochantar and ischial tuberosity sciatic nerve

153. Piriformis muscles inserts into upper end of greater trochanter of femur- rotates thigh laterally

154. Waddling Gait Pelvis falls towards the unaffected side of each step

paralysis of gluteus medius

155. Trendelenburgs sign fracture of neck of femur


156. Flexor digiti minimi brevis affect proximal paralysis of little toe

157. Sciatic nerve divides into tibial, common peroneal nerve

158. Lateral thigh supplied by femoral nerve

159. Superior lateral quadrant preffered site to give instramuscular injection

160. Inserts into iliac crest tensor fascia lata by superior gluteal nerve

161. Flexor retinaculum medial malleolus holds tendons of tibialis posterior



162. Kick on lateral knee, which ligament is torn lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

163. Flexor hallucis longus tendon inserts into calcaneus

164. Ilio femoral ligament largest and most important ligament, reinforces the fibrous capsule

165. Posterior cruciate lig

prevents anterior displacement of the femur on the tibia

166. Saphenous nerve passes along with the saphenous vein

167. Femoral nerve does not lie in the femoral sheath

168. Dural nerve invervates the lateral side of the head and foot

169. Great saphenous vein passes thru the saphenous opening

170. Structures passing thru both the greater and lesser sciatic foramen nerve to the obturator internus

171. Gluteus maximus extends and rotates thigh laterally

172. Gluteus medius and gluteus minimus abducts and rotates thigh medially

173. Quadratus femoris rotates the thigh laterally

174. Femoral canal site of femoral herniation

175. Femoral ring abdominal opening of the femoral canal

176. Femoral sheath does not contain femoral nerve

177. Popliteal fossa contains popliteal vessels, common peroneal tibial nerves and the small saphenous vein

178. Saphenous opening provides pathway for saphenous vein

179. Football injuries medial meniscus ligament and lateral connected ligaments

180. Vastus medialis extends leg

181. Obturator internus rotates thigh laterally

182. Extensor hallucis longus extends big toe, dosiflexes and innervates foot

183. Extensor digitorum longus extends toes, dorsiflexes and everts foot

184. Flexor hallucis longus plantar flexes foot, flexes distal phalynx of big toe

185. Flexor digitorum longus flexes lateral four toes

186. Tibialis posterior plantar flexes out and inverts foot

187. Lateral longitudinal arch formed by cuboid bone

188. Spring ligament planta calcaneonavicular

189. Femoral nerve arises from lumbar plexus (L2-L4)

190. Inferior gluteal nerve innvervates the gluteus maximus

191. Sciatic nerve is the largest nerve in the body

192. Superior gluteal artery arises from internal iliac artery

193. Obturator nerve arises from the internal iliac artery

194. Femoral artery continuation of the external iliac artery

195. Popliteal artery continuation of the femoral artery

196. Femoral vein passes thru saphenous opening

197. Femoral hernia common in women

100. Potts fracture


101. Damage to the femoral nerve


102. Damage to obturator nerve


103. Damage to DPN

results in foot drop

104. Damage to SPN

loss of eversion of the foot

105. Adductor longus


106. Vastus lateralis

extends leg

107. Indirect inguinal hernia


108. Xiphoid process…..attaches via its pointed causal end to the linea alba

109. Internal spermatic fascia


110. Cremasteric fascia


111. Processes vaginalis


112. Gubernaculum testis


------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

11) Hip Flexion cannot be produced by: Vastus Medialis

12) Tibial nerve injury slightly below mid thigh level will modify gait because he less able to: Both A and B

13) Individual right gluteus medius muscle will: demonstrate lowering of left side of Pelvis

14) Foot drop is: Deep peronial nerve

15) Sartoris, Gracilis and Semi tendonosus muscle: medial shaft of tibia

16) All produce movement on Hip and Knee joint : Adductor Magnus

17) Potts Fracture involve Fracture of Fibula and Rupture of Deltoid ligament produced by: forced Eversion of foot

18) 38yr old woman brought to woman by fork lift operator. Examation revels loss of sensation of dorsum of left foot. Dorsiflexion against resistance is not possible. Inversion of subtalar joints on left limb. Diagnosis is trauma to: Common peroneal nerve and neck of Fibula

19) Palpation at point equidistant between Ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter of femur reveals what: Sciatic nerve

20) Which ligament involved in clipping Injury: ACL, MCL, MM

Abdomen

57. Thin fatty layer Campers Fascia

58. Scarpas Fascia deep membranous layer

59. Pretineal ligaments ???????? Coopers Ligament

60. Inguinal triangle common site of direct inguinal hernia

61. Inguinal triangle (Hasselbach’s triangle) is bounded laterally by inferior epigastric vessels

62. Transversalis fascia gives rise to spermatic fascia

63. Median umbilical ligament remnant of urachus

64. Superior epigastric artery arises from internal thoracic artery

65. Superior and inferior epigastric arteries anastomoses within rectus abdominus

66. Inferior epigastric arteries arise from external iliac artery

67. Indirect inguinal hernia common than direct inguinal hernia

68. Greater omentum abdominal policeman

69. Central veins does not form portal system

70. Falciform ligament connects the liver to the diaphragm

71. Ligamentum teres hepatic round ligament of liver

72. Coronary ligament round bare area of the liver

73. Ligamentum venosus remant of ductus venosus

74. Epiploic foramen Winslow’s Foramen

75. Stomach bed Pancreas, spleen, left kidney, left supra renal gland, transverse colon, diaphragm

76. Acidic area lesser curvature

77. Jejunum has lung plicae circularis

78. Ileum has Peyer’s Patches

79. Enteric division ?????????????????

consists of Auerbach’s Plexus

80. Ileum short vasa recta and plicae circularis

81. Mc Burney’s Point lateral one third of a line between right anterior superior iliac spine and umbilicus

82. Mc Burney’s Point site of acute appendicitis

83. Liver coronary and falciform ligaments

84. Meisners Valves present in gallbladder

85. Ampulla of Voter Duct of w…………..?????????????

86. Sartorius duct???????????? accessory pancreactic duct

87. Sphincter ani muscle in lower part???????????????

88. Left gastric artery gives rise to esophageal branch

89. Meckels diverticulum occurs in about 2% of population

90. Liver Cirrhosis???????? portal hypertension, esophageal v, hemorrhoid, caput medusa

91. Common bile duct obstructs bile flow leading to jaundice

92. Supra renal gland empties into inferior vena cava

…………………….

93. Portal hypertension can cause venous blood of the portal system to be shunted through the anastomatic connections with the systemic venous system. Clinical sign produced due to portal hypertension around the umbilical isCaput Medusa

94. The conjoint tendon (falx inguinalis) is formed by the

a) rectus abdominis muscle or its aponeurosisb) external oblique muscle or its aponeurosisc) both a and bd) neither a or b

95. The following facts are true for inguinal ligamenta) It is an aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique muscleb) It dorms the flood of inguinal canalc) It extends from the anterior superior iliac spine to pub tubercled) All of the above

96. Omental bursa is communicated to greater sac via foramen of winslow

97. An indirect hernia passes thru the deep inguinal ring

98. Tunica vaginalis is the remnant of processus vaginalis

99. A CT scan reveals that a loop of gait exits the abdominal cavity by passing medial to the inferior epigastric artery. This type of hernial would be called direct inguinal hernia

100. In reference to the covering layers of the spermatic cord and testis the cremaster muscle is innervated by the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

101. The inguinal canala) Begins at the deep inguinal ringb) Has the inf. Oblique forming part of its roofc) Has the inguinal lig forming its floord) Has the ilio inguinal nerve coursing through the superficial ringe) All of the above

102. A 10 year old boy brought to your office…boy is asked to cough…the most likely diagnosis is the presence of a(n) indirect inguinal hernia

103. In this case, which of the following layers of the abdominal wall would not contribute to the wall of the hernial sac transverse abdominus muscle

104. Hydrocele is the collection of fluid between the layers of tunica vaginalis

105. Ventra root of spinal nerve carries motor fibres

106. The nerves of the abdominal wall in the mid axillary line are located between transverse abdominis and internal oblique

107. Which abdominal structure gives rise to (is continuous with) the tunica vaginalis following descent of testes during development peritoneum

108. The left inguinal hernia is made more common than right FALSE

109. Left testicular vein drains into left renal vein

110. Trans pyloric plane passes at the upper border of L3 vertebra

111. Direct inguinal hernia passes the inguinal triangle

112. Sinus of testes lies laterally

46) Mc Burneys point: Max tenderness felt in appendicites and point in right spine umblical line

47) Following vein form imp. Portal systemic anastomoses except: Superior Rectal vein and IVC

48) Mostly vermiform appendix directly lie on top of cecum and also know to be tucked into: Meso appendix

49) Patient in cirrhosis in liver venous hypertension might be found in the: Short Gastric vein

50) Portal hypertension can cause venous blood of Portal system to be shunted through anastomic connection of systemic venous system. Examples of clinical signs are: External Hemmoriods

51) Bare area of Liver is linked by Limenia of: Corornary Ligaments

52) All are features are of Portal tract area Except: Hepatic Vein

53) Correct statement: Root of mesentry is found to Transverse obquiley from the body of 2nd lumbar vertebra to right sacro iliac joint

54) Correct statement: Interior aspect of duodenum is crossed by Transverse Mesocolin Mesentery

55) Houstans valves are Konlvansh fold are known as: Semilunar folds of colon

56) Muscle resulting from thickening of circular smooth musculature of anal canal is: Sphincter ani internus muscle

57) Which is not moveable: Desending colon

58) Which structure is not present in Stomach bed: Splenic vein

59) Appendix is supplied by: T10

60) Not true in relation to Stomach: Cardiac notch is an incisura found at most dependent point of lesser curvature

61) Surgical mobilization of descending colon from posterior abdominal wall can be accomplished by restablizing mesentery for this section of bowel restablished portion of mesentery could contain: Left lumbar artery

62) Which abdominal structures give rise to tunica vaginalis following descend of testis during development: Peritoneum

63) Correct statement: Falciform ligament actively suspends liver

64) Short numerous vasa recta are contain within: Ileum

65) Concerning Inf Mesentric artery which is false: gives off Inf pancreatico duodenal artery

66) Which structures not present within lesser omentum: IVC

67) Ligamentum vinosum is remnant of: Ductus Venosus

68) Ligamentum Teres is remnant of: Obulaterated Left Umblical artery

69) Transversalis Fascia: Both a and b

70) Conjoint Tendon formed by: Neither a nor b

71) Following facts are true for Inguinal Ligament: All of the above

72) Notch and Lesser curvature of stomach is: Insura Angularis

73) Following are structures which form stomach bed except: Splenic vein

74) Gastric ulcers are common in: Lesser curvatures

75) Omental bursa is communicated to Greater sac via: Foramen of Winslow

76) Arteries supply stomach except: Gastro duodenal

77) Litters Hernias content is: Meckels diverticulum

78) Indirect Hernia: passes through deep inguinal ring

79) Tunica vaginalis is remnant of: Process vaganilis

80) Not correct about Meckels diverticulum: All of the above

81) Congential Inguinal hernia is due to: Persistent Process vaginalis

82) Direct Inguinal hernia is medial to: stem of inferior epigastric artery

83) Structures form medial boundary of Inguinal Triangle: Inferior Epigastric artery

84) Due to rupture appendix duodenal ulcer and gallbladder disease subphrenic access is likely to occur on: Right side

85) Porta Hepatis is where: All of the above

86) Circular Muscle around distal end of bile duct form the: Sphincter of Oddi

87) Duct leading out of the Gallbladder is the: Cystic duct

88) Surgeon making incision for appendectomy: over Mc Burney’s point

89) Appendix represents: Lymphoid Tissue

90) Which peritoneal pouch is most dependent in female Pelvis: Recto Utherine Pouch or Douglas pouch

Lower.limb.Exam.questions

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