Lower Suwannee River Floodplain, Florida: Canopy, Subcanopy, and Ground Cover Vegetation and...
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Lower Suwannee River Floodplain, Lower Suwannee River Floodplain, Florida: Canopy, Subcanopy, and Florida: Canopy, Subcanopy, and
Ground Cover Vegetation and Ground Cover Vegetation and Potential Impacts of Flow Potential Impacts of Flow
Reductions on Plant DistributionReductions on Plant DistributionMelanie Darst, U.S. Geological Melanie Darst, U.S. Geological SurveySurvey
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SWAMP SWAMP (sw)(sw)
AERIAL AERIAL SIGNATURES SIGNATURES IN NON-IN NON-TIDAL REACHTIDAL REACH
BOTTOMLANBOTTOMLAND D HARDWOODHARDWOODS (blh) S (blh)
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SW SW
AERIAL SIGNATURES IN UPPER TIDAL AERIAL SIGNATURES IN UPPER TIDAL REACHESREACHES
BLBLH H
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Tree Distribution by River Mile
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70River mile
Lower Tidal Upper Tidal Riverine
Swamp tupelo in BLH
Planertree
Popash
River birch
Water tupelo
Sweetgum
Live oak
American elm
Swamp laurel oak
Red maple
Baldcypress
Swamp tupelo in swamp
Pumpkin ash
Cabbage palm
Sweetbay
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N
RiverinRiverine e
LowerLowerTidal Tidal
UpperUpperTidal Tidal
(LT)(LT)
(UT(UT))
(R)(R)
FOREST TYPES:FOREST TYPES:
SEPARATED BY REACHES SEPARATED BY REACHES WITH SIGNIFICANT WITH SIGNIFICANT HYDROLOGIC HYDROLOGIC DIFFERENCESDIFFERENCES
WERE MAPPED USING WERE MAPPED USING INFRARED AERIAL INFRARED AERIAL PHOTOS (DOQs)PHOTOS (DOQs)
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Defined 13 Defined 13 wetland forest wetland forest typestypes
Measured & identified 8,756 trees
77 tree species in wetland forests
Bald cypress most important wetland species by basal area
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N
3 blh 3 blh types – types – Rblh3, Rblh3, Rblh2, Rblh2, Rblh1Rblh1
RiverineRiverine
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N
RiverinRiverinee
2 swamp 2 swamp types – types – Rsw2, Rsw2, Rsw1Rsw1
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N
UpperUpperTidalTidal
1 bottomland hardwood type 1 bottomland hardwood type (UTblh)(UTblh)
1 mixed type (UTmix)1 mixed type (UTmix)
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N
UpperUpperTidalTidal
2 swamp types 2 swamp types – UTsw2, – UTsw2, UTsw1UTsw1
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Tree Distribution by River Mile
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70River mile
Lower Tidal Upper Tidal Riverine
Swamp tupelo in BLH
Planertree
Popash
River birch
Water tupelo
Sweetgum
Live oak
American elm
Swamp laurel oak
Red maple
Baldcypress
Swamp tupelo in swamp
Pumpkin ash
Cabbage palm
Sweetbay
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N
LowerLowerTidalTidal
1 1 hammochammock type - k type - LThamLTham
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N
LowerLowerTidalTidal
1 mixed swamp type 1 mixed swamp type - LTmix- LTmix
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N
LowerLowerTidalTidal
2 swamp 2 swamp types – types – LTsw2, LTsw2, LTsw1LTsw1
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Ground-Cover Vegetation in Wetland Forests of the Lower
Suwannee River Floodplain, Florida,
and Potential Impacts of
Flow ReductionsBy Melanie Darst,
Helen Light, and Lori Lewis, USGS
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Ground Cover Species Distribution by River Mile (282
species)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70River mile
Lower Tidal
Upper Tidal
Riverine
104 species (30 in LT and R only)
18 species
81 species
22 species
2 species
55 species
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Lizard’s tail (Saururus cernuus) strongly dominates ground-cover vegetation in
LTmix
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DECREASE IN DURATIONS OF DECREASE IN DURATIONS OF INUNDATION AND SATURATIONINUNDATION AND SATURATION
Some free-floating aquatic species such as humped bladderwort occurred only in semi-permanent ponds in riverine forests. They might decrease in abundance or disappear if flows were reduced.
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DECREASE IN DEPTH AND DECREASE IN DEPTH AND DURATION OF RIVER FLOODINGDURATION OF RIVER FLOODING
These species occurred in Rblh, but not in Rsw, presumably because flood depth is shallower and duration of flooding is shorter. These species might become established in Rsw if flows were reduced.
supple jackpartridge berrywhitesands spiderlilybluestem palm
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INCREASE IN SALINITYINCREASE IN SALINITY
Some species occurred in UTsw, but not in LTsw and are presumed to have no salinity tolerance. They might decrease in abundance in the most downstream part of the UT reach if flows were reduced.eastern blue starscypress swamp sedgecreeping burrheadnarrow plumegrass
LTswLTsw
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Location and Description of
Ecological Study Sites in Floodplain
Forests of the Lower Suwannee
River, Florida
By Lori Lewis, Helen Light, and
Melanie Darst
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Forest Map CD
Interactive Interactive map using map using ArcExplorer ArcExplorer softwaresoftware
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REPORT:REPORT:
REVIEWS REVIEWS FLOODPLAIN FLOODPLAIN CHARACTERISTICHARACTERISTICSCSDESCRIBES DESCRIBES FOREST AND FOREST AND OTHER LAND OTHER LAND COVER TYPESCOVER TYPES
DESCRIBES DESCRIBES METHODS USED METHODS USED TO CREATE MAPTO CREATE MAP
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DISPLAY FROM DISPLAY FROM INTERACTIVE INTERACTIVE MAP OF LOWER MAP OF LOWER SUWANNEE SUWANNEE RIVER RIVER FLOODPLAINFLOODPLAIN
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Available on the web at Available on the web at HTTP://fl.water.usgs.govHTTP://fl.water.usgs.gov