Lower Back Pain - Rowing
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LOWER BACK PAIN
Andrew DarceySports Physiotherapist
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Andrew Darcey
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Overview
• Prevalence• Risk Factors• Cause of Pain• Hip Range / Posture• Management• Prevention
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LOWER BACK PAIN• Elite Rowers
– Lower Back Pain (LBP), rib, wrist/forearm
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LOWER BACK PAIN• School/Club Rowers
– LBP (Verrall and Darcey 2014)
• Elite: male>female• Junior: female>male• Low back pain is common in developing
rowers
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LOWER BACK PAIN
• Lifetime prevalence in school age normals 45-50%, with 20-40% sore at any one time
• In rowers of a similar age – significantly higher lifetime and point prevalence – ARE WE LOSING A LOT OF ROWERS AT A YOUNG AGE TO LOWER BACK PAIN?
• Elite level – figures seem better than population norms
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LOWER BACK PAIN• Common in General Population
– 60-80% of adults will have an episode of LBP– At any one time, 30% adults have LBP– Adolescents – 20% have had LBP by 16yo
• Ex-College Rowers Study (USA)– 50% have LBP after College– 32% have LBP at any one time– 2 x more likely to have LBP if had LBP in
College (>1wk) • If rower completes college rowing
without LBP, prognosis for LBP in later life BETTER than population
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RISK FACTORS• Repeated Lx flexion, high training
volume (Adams & Dolan 1995, McNair 2000, McGregor et al 2007)
• Habitual sitting posture (Perich et al 2006)
• Deficits in lumbo-pelvic motor control (McGregor et al 2002)
• Limitations in anterior pelvic tilt(Reid & McNair 2000, Caldwell et al 2003, McGregor et al 2007)
• Deficits in back muscle & lower limb endurance (Roy et al 1990, Perich et al 2009)
• Lack of hamstring flexibility (Gajdoski 1994, Reid & McNair 2000)
• Ergometer (Gajdoski 1994, Reid & McNair 2000)
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WHY DO ROWERS GET LOW BACK PAIN?
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WHAT CAUSES THE PAIN?
• Discy in Nature• Affects L4/5 and L5/S1 Disc the most
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WHAT CAUSES THE PAIN?
• Discy in Nature• Affects L4/5 and L5/S1 Disc the most
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WHAT CAUSES THE PAIN?
• Flexion causes compression front of disc, pushing nucleus posteriorly
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WHAT CAUSES THE PAIN?
• Flexion causes compression front of disc, pushing nucleus posteriorly
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WHAT CAUSES THE PAIN?
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WHAT CAUSES THE PAIN?
Increased flexion Lumbar Spine when Hips, Knees, Ankles are not flexible enough
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WHY LACKING HIP FLEXION?
• FAI – Structural Change in Hip• Tight Hip Flexors• Tight Gluteals
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WHY LACKING HIP FLEXION?
• FAI – Structural Change in Hip• Tight Hip Flexors• Tight Gluteals
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WHY LACKING HIP FLEXION?
• FAI – Structural Change in Hip• Tight Hip Flexors• Tight Gluteals
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WHAT CAUSES THE PAIN?
SWEEP ROWING
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WHAT CAUSES THE PAIN?
FINISH POSITION
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ROCK OVER & RECOVERY
• Hamstring flexibility & inner range hip flexor for APT• Optimal posture early - allow boat to move under• Aim - to not SLOW the boat down
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ROCK OVER & RECOVERY
• Hamstring flexibility & inner range hip flexor for APT• Optimal posture early - allow boat to move under• Aim - to not SLOW the boat down
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ROCK OVER & RECOVERY
• Hamstring flexibility & inner range hip flexor for APT• Optimal posture early - allow boat to move under• Aim - to not SLOW the boat down
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ROCK OVER & RECOVERY
• Hamstring flexibility & inner range hip flexor for APT• Optimal posture early - allow boat to move under• Aim - to not SLOW the boat down
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WHAT TO DO IF ATHLETE GETS LBP
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WHAT TO DO IF ATHLETE GETS LBP
Recognise that whilst LBP is COMMON in rowers, it SHOULD
NOT BE TOLERATED
•Persistence of LBP can result in irreversible damage to spinal structures •Persistence of LBP results in changes in the brain & long term changes in pain sensitivity •Pain results in changes to how the trunk muscles & leg muscles are used when rowing & for ADLs
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WHAT TO DO IF ATHLETE GETS LBP• What pain to worry about?
Sharp pain Pain that is getting increasingly
worse throughout a session Pain that persists after a session Pain > 48 hours
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WHAT TO DO IF ATHLETE GETS LBP• Treatment
• Control pain Rest from activity Medication Hot packs/thermal braces Water/Pool sessions
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WHAT TO DO IF ATHLETE GETS LBP• Treatment
Early intervention Use other training modalities (upright bike,
walk, swim) Unload – sometimes completely Manual therapy - treat above & below Consider warmth – thermoskin brace Consider active warmup Consider a test on the erg – 3x10min First session back – 8-10km paddle
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PREVENTION• Stretching
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PREVENTION• Warm-Up
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PREVENTION• Core Stability
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PREVENTION• Hamstring Flexibility
2 Mins – Once a Day
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PREVENTION• Pelvic Rockover
Ability to tilt pelvis off the back of strokeAiming for 3 x 30reps
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PREVENTION• Glute Flexibility
2 mins holds x 1/Day
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PREVENTION• Sit to Stand
Trunk & Leg ConnectionPush Through HeelsDon’t Let Bottom PopRequires good Glute recruitment – Aim for 3 x 30reps
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PREVENTION• Lateral Pelvic Control
Ability for pelvis to move independently from spineAbility to cope with boat moving under bodyAim for x 20 each side
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PREVENTION• LOAD
• Look at how much your young rowers are doing• Senior Australian Rowers:
• 5-6 Rowing sessions per week• 2 Erg sessions per week• 2-3 Gym sessions per week• 2 Cross Training
• Are your Young Rowers doing more than this?
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Rowing Musculoskeletal Screenings
• Flexibility– Ankles– Hips (Hamstrings, Hip Flexors, Gluteals)
• Thoracic/Lumbar Spine– Flexibility and Symmetry
• Scapula Control• Ergo Technique
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Flexibility
• Important to allow:– Muscles to work at their optimal angles– Generate more force– Reduces strain on spinal structures– Allows better length of stroke
Hip FlexionHamstringsGluteals
Ankle DFCalves
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Ergo Technique
• Hip Bunch up Catch:– Determined by flexibility of Spine, Hips, Knees and
Ankles
• Rockover:– Determined by strength of abdominals and hip
flexors, as well as flexibility of Hamstrings
RockoverAngle
Catch Angle
FinishAngle
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Results
Colour CodedGreen: GoodYellow: Not Ideal – Needs WorkRed: Poor - Significantly Needs Work
Comment on Result of
Test
Exercises to Address any
weakness found
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TAKE HOME MESSAGES
• LBP is common in school & club rowers • LBP is NOT normal & should not be
tolerated • Seek Medical / Physio assessment early • Ensure causative factors addressed
(Screening can help identify)• Ergometer rowing is ok if coached
technically
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Questions?
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FURTHER ADVICEContact:
Andrew DarceySport PhysiotherapistSASI Rowing PhysiotherapistAustralian Rowing Team Physiotherapist
76a Kensington Rd Western HospitalRose Park 168 Cudmore TceSA 5067 Henley Beach
SA 5022Ph: 8364 6800Email: [email protected]