Low power MAC for wireless sensor network
-
Upload
attia-chaudhry -
Category
Software
-
view
74 -
download
4
Transcript of Low power MAC for wireless sensor network
![Page 1: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
1
![Page 2: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
2 Group members
Attia Iqbal Hafsa Rashid Maria Sharif
![Page 3: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
3
TOPIC
Low Power MAC For Wireless Sensor Networks
![Page 4: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
4 MAC
Medium access control or media access control (MAC) layer is the lower sublayer of the data link layer (layer 2) of the seven-layer OSI model
![Page 5: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
5 Low power MAC for WSNs
Networks that consists of sensors which are distributed in an ad hoc manner
Low-power MAC protocol, for low-traffic wireless sensor network.
Low power MAC for Wireless sensor networks consists of protocols and algorithms
![Page 6: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
6 Types of MAC protocols
There are three types of mac protocols:1. Fixed-allocation
2. Demand-based
3. Contention-based
![Page 7: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
7 Fixed-allocation MAC protocol
Share the common medium It is suitable for sensor network that continuously monitor
and generate deterministic data trafficProvide a bounded delay for each node
![Page 8: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
8 Demand-based MAC protocol
Channel is allocated according to the demand of the node Variable rate traffic can be efficiently transmitted Require the additional overhead of a reservation process
![Page 9: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
9 Contention-based MAC protocol
Random-access-based contention for the channel when packets need to be transmitted
Suitable for bursty traffic
![Page 10: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
10 Subsystem of node
Each node of the sensor networks consist of three subsystem: 1. Sensor subsystem2. Processing subsystem3. Communication subsystem
![Page 11: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
11
Sensor subsystem: Senses the environment
Processing subsystem: Performs local computations on the sensed data
Communication subsystem: Responsible for message exchange with neighboring sensor nodes
![Page 12: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
12 Energy efficient wireless MAC protocolThere are four sources of energy waste: 1. Idle listening2. Overhearing3. Collisions4. Protocol overhead
![Page 13: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
13 Idle listening: Idle listening refers to the active listening to an
idle channel
Overhearing: Receive packets destined to others
Collisions: Multiple senders want to talk
Protocol overhead: It refers to the packet headers and the signaling required by the protocol in addition to the transmission of data payloads
![Page 14: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
14
Energy efficient system extends the WSN’s lifetime and increases its computational capabilities
![Page 15: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
15 Duty-cycling
It is a primary technique significantly improving the energy efficiency of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs)
![Page 16: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
16 Types of duty-cycling
1. Synchronous duty-cycling2. Asynchronous duty-cycling
![Page 17: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
17
Synchronous duty-cycling: In synchronous duty-cycling, all nodes have synchronized duty cycles
Asynchronous duty-cycling: , In asynchronous duty-cycling, nodes have their own duty cycles
![Page 18: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
18 Power consumption
A large number of sensor nodes cheap batteries
![Page 19: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
19 Example
Switching the RF(radio frequency) transceiver
![Page 20: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
20 Types of transmission
1. Uplink (from the sensor nodes to the access point)
2. Downlink (from the access point to the sensor nodes)
![Page 21: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
21
Uplink transmissionAccess points can listen all the time to the channel Multiple access to the channel
Downlink transmissionData transmission without requiring sensor nodes
continuously listen to the channelTradeoff between power consumption and transmission delay
![Page 22: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
22
If the medium is found busy, a sensor node continues to listen until a data frame is received or until the medium becomes idle again
![Page 23: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
23 Researches about MAC
Liao introduced a high performance low-power 32-bits MAC with Single-Instruction-Multiple-Data (SIMD) feature.
Elguibaly proposed a merged MAC operation and gave an analytical overview of how his technique optimizes the MAC hardware.
Murakami et al. adopted the half array implementation to design a high speed and area-effective MAC architecture. Raghuneth et al. made use of a carry-save multiplier that can simplify sign extension and saturation, and further applies it on the MAC architecture to reduce the unit’s area and power consumption.
![Page 24: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
24
The 32-bit MAC unit architecture is very large, so the 8-bit MAC unit architecture is used
![Page 25: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
25 Applications OF Low power MAC for WSNs:
Health care monitoringAir pollution monitoringLandslide detectionWater quality monitoringNatural disaster preventionIndustrial monitoringArea monitoring
![Page 26: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
26 References1. http://www.slideshare.net/shikhathegreat/ppt-on-low-power-wireless-sensor-
network-5th-sem2. Won, Myounggyu, Taejoon Park, and Sang H. Son. "Asym-MAC: A MAC Protocol
for Low-Power Duty-Cycled Wireless Sensor Networks with Asymmetric Links." IEEE Communications Letters 18.5 (2014): 809-812.
3. Shi, Xiaolei, and Guido Stromberg. "SyncWUF: An ultra low-power MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks." IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing 6.1 (2007): 115-125.
4. Abdelgawad, A. "Low power multiply accumulate unit (MAC) for future Wireless Sensor Networks." Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS), 2013 IEEE. IEEE, 2013.
5. El-Hoiydi, Amre, and J-D. Decotignie. "WiseMAC: an ultra low power MAC protocol for the downlink of infrastructure wireless sensor networks." Computers and Communications, 2004. Proceedings. ISCC 2004. Ninth International Symposium on. Vol. 1. IEEE, 2004.
![Page 27: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
27
![Page 28: Low power MAC for wireless sensor network](https://reader036.fdocuments.in/reader036/viewer/2022081401/589d9c581a28abfb3d8b5cc9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Fatima Jinnah Women University Rawalpindi
28